Castle Rock, Colorado | |
|---|---|
 Looking down Wilcox Street (2018) | |
 Location withinDouglas County andColorado | |
  Castle Rock Location of Castle Rock Show map of the United States Castle Rock Castle Rock (Colorado) Show map of Colorado | |
| Coordinates:39°22′20″N104°51′22″W / 39.3722°N 104.8561°W /39.3722; -104.8561 (Castle Rock, Colorado)[3] | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Colorado |
| County | Douglas[2] |
| Founded | 1874 |
| Incorporated | April 14, 1881 |
| Government | |
| • Type | home rule town |
| Area | |
| 34.742 sq mi (89.981 km2) | |
| • Land | 34.742 sq mi (89.981 km2) |
| • Water | 0 sq mi (0.000 km2) |
| Elevation | 6,224 ft (1,897 m) |
| Population | |
| 73,158 | |
| • Rank | US: 445th CO:14th |
| • Density | 2,308.2/sq mi (891.19/km2) |
| • Urban | 2,686,147 (US:18th) |
| • Metro | 2,985,871 (US:19th) |
| • Combined | 3,663,515 (US:18th) |
| • Front Range | 5,055,344 |
| Time zone | UTC−07:00 (MST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−06:00 (MDT) |
| ZIP code[6] | 80104, 80108, 80109 |
| Area codes | 303/720/983 |
| GNIS pop ID | 169449 |
| GNIS town ID | 2413179 |
| FIPS code | 08-12415 |
| Website | crgov.com |
Castle Rock is ahome rule town that is thecounty seat of and themost-populous municipality inDouglas County, Colorado, United States.[8][9] The town’s population was 73,158 at the2020 census,[5] a 51.68% increase since the2010 census. Castle Rock is the most-populous Colorado town (rather than city) and the 14th-most populous Colorado municipality. Castle Rock is a part of theDenver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metropolitan statistical area and theFront Range urban corridor.
The town is named for theprominent, castle-shaped butte near the center of town.[10]
White settlers were drawn to the area by rumors of gold and by land opened through theHomestead Act of 1862. The discovery ofrhyolite stone, though, not gold, ultimately led to the settlement of Castle Rock.
Castle Rock was founded in 1874 when the eastern Douglas County border was redrawn to its present location. Castle Rock was chosen as the county seat because of its central location.
One of the first homesteaders in the area near today's Castle Rock was Jeremiah Gould. He owned about 160 acres (0.65 km2) to the south of "the (Castle) Rock". At that time, the settlement consisted of just a few buildings for prospectors, workers, and cowboys. In 1874, Gould donated 120 acres (0.49 km2) to the new town, which was also now home to the Douglas County government. Six streets named Elbert, Jerry, Wilcox, Perry, Castle, and Front were laid out to build the actual town of Castle Rock. The courthouse square was defined and about 77 lots, each 50 by 112 ft (15 by 34 m), were auctioned off for a total profit ofUS$3,400.
A new train depot brought theDenver and Rio Grande Railway to the area.
During the late 1800s and early 1900s, Castle Rock had a very active rhyolite-quarrying industry. Many immigrants arrived in the area to work in the quarries.
In 1936, the town received a donation of land that included its namesake geographical feature. Men employed by theWorks Progress Administration constructed a star atop the butte shortly after Castle Rock received that donation. The star was lit every year from 1936 to 1941. After World War II began, the star was left unlit as a symbol of sacrifice in support of the war effort. On August 14, 1945, shortly afterV-J Day, the star was modified into a V-for-victory symbol. On December 7, 1945, the star was lit for the holiday season. It has been lit every year since around the same time.
The town's historic county courthouse, which was built in 1889–1890, burned down on March 11, 1978, the result of arson.[11]
Castle Rock's municipal government experienced significant financial difficulties during the early 1980s. In 1984, the town's voters approved a charter amendment that authorized the creation of ahome-rule charter commission. The home-rule charter was finalized in 1987.[12]
The original Douglas County courthouse was one of seven buildings in Castle Rock that have been added to theNational Register of Historic Places. The other buildings includeCastle Rock Depot, Castle Rock Elementary School, First National Bank of Douglas County, Samuel Dyer House, Benjamin Hammer House, and Keystone Hotel.
A dispute about whether the Castle Rock Police Department was required to enforce a civil restraining order was decided by theU.S. Supreme Court in 2005. The court held, inTown of Castle Rock v. Gonzales, that a municipality cannot be held liable under a federal civil-rights statute,42 U.S.C. § 1983, for failing to enforce civil restraining orders. The case had arisen from a 1999 murder of three young girls by their father outside the Castle Rock Police Department building. The children were killed by their father, in violation of the restraining order that had been obtained by their mother, within several hours of being abducted.[13] The mother had asked the Castle Rock police to enforce the restraining order by finding and apprehending the father after he removed the children from her home and before the murders. Castle Rock police officers declined to do so, refusing even to contact the Denver Police Department after the mother notified them that the father had taken the children to an amusement park in that city.[14]
Castle Rock is located at39°22′20″N104°51′22″W / 39.37222°N 104.85611°W /39.37222; -104.85611 (39.372212, −104.856090) at an elevation of 6,224 feet (1,897 m).[15] Castle Rock is in central Colorado at the junction ofInterstate 25 andState Highway 86, 28 mi (45 km) south of downtown Denver and 37 mi (60 km) north of Colorado Springs.[16]
The town lies a few miles east of theRampart Range of theRocky Mountains on the western edge of theGreat Plains.[17][18] Castle Rock, the butte for which the town is named, is just north of the town center.[19] Other prominent landforms visible from Castle Rock includeDawson Butte,Devils Head,Mount Blue Sky, andPikes Peak.
East Plum Creek, a stream within theSouth Platte River watershed, flows generally north through Castle Rock. Hangman's Gulch, which runs northwest then west around the north side of the town center, drains into East Plum Creek, as do multiple unnamed gulches in the southern and western areas of town. McMurdo Gulch and Mitchell Gulch run north then northeast through eastern Castle Rock and drain intoCherry Creek east of town.[20]
Castle Rock is in the Colorado Foothills life zone.[21] The hillsides are covered with meadows of grass, small plants, scattered juniper trees, and openponderosa pine woodlands. Other trees common in the area includeGambel oak (scrub oak or oak brush) andpinyon pine. Local wildlife includes theAmerican badger,American black bear,bobcat,coyote,Colorado chipmunk,crow,garter snakes,gray fox, mountaincottontail rabbit,mountain lion,mule deer,pocket gopher,porcupine,skunk, andtadpoles. Birds found in the area include thegolden eagle,peregrine falcon,sharp-shinned hawk,black-billed magpie,red-tailed hawk,pinyon jay, andwestern tanager.[22]
The town had a total area of 22,235 acres (89.981 km2), all land in 2023.[4]
Lying within theFront Range urban corridor, the town is part of the greaterDenver metropolitan area.[23] Castle Rock borders three communities, all to its north; from west to east, they areCastle Pines Village, the city ofCastle Pines, andThe Pinery.[24][25] Other nearby communities includeFranktown to the east,Larkspur to the south,Perry Park to the southwest, andSedalia to the northwest.[24]
Castle Rock has asemiarid climate (KöppenBSk) with cold, dry, snowy winters, and hot, wetter summers. January is the coldest month, July the hottest, and August the month with the most precipitation.
| Climate data for Castle Rock, Colorado, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 73 (23) | 75 (24) | 82 (28) | 91 (33) | 94 (34) | 101 (38) | 102 (39) | 99 (37) | 101 (38) | 88 (31) | 85 (29) | 82 (28) | 102 (39) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 64.5 (18.1) | 64.6 (18.1) | 72.8 (22.7) | 77.7 (25.4) | 84.9 (29.4) | 92.7 (33.7) | 95.3 (35.2) | 92.8 (33.8) | 89.6 (32.0) | 82.1 (27.8) | 72.8 (22.7) | 65.3 (18.5) | 96.1 (35.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 45.6 (7.6) | 46.7 (8.2) | 53.8 (12.1) | 59.1 (15.1) | 68.4 (20.2) | 80.2 (26.8) | 85.7 (29.8) | 83.6 (28.7) | 76.7 (24.8) | 64.8 (18.2) | 53.9 (12.2) | 45.7 (7.6) | 63.7 (17.6) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 31.8 (−0.1) | 33.3 (0.7) | 40.2 (4.6) | 45.8 (7.7) | 55.0 (12.8) | 65.3 (18.5) | 71.1 (21.7) | 69.1 (20.6) | 61.7 (16.5) | 49.7 (9.8) | 39.8 (4.3) | 31.8 (−0.1) | 49.5 (9.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 18.0 (−7.8) | 19.9 (−6.7) | 26.5 (−3.1) | 32.5 (0.3) | 41.6 (5.3) | 50.5 (10.3) | 56.4 (13.6) | 54.7 (12.6) | 46.6 (8.1) | 34.6 (1.4) | 25.7 (−3.5) | 18.0 (−7.8) | 35.4 (1.9) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −4.0 (−20.0) | −3.4 (−19.7) | 6.6 (−14.1) | 15.7 (−9.1) | 27.2 (−2.7) | 38.5 (3.6) | 48.2 (9.0) | 45.6 (7.6) | 32.1 (0.1) | 16.7 (−8.5) | 3.6 (−15.8) | −3.0 (−19.4) | −9.5 (−23.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −37 (−38) | −32 (−36) | −20 (−29) | −8 (−22) | 7 (−14) | 25 (−4) | 30 (−1) | 34 (1) | 11 (−12) | −5 (−21) | −18 (−28) | −29 (−34) | −37 (−38) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 0.55 (14) | 0.70 (18) | 1.54 (39) | 2.08 (53) | 1.97 (50) | 2.20 (56) | 2.32 (59) | 2.52 (64) | 1.39 (35) | 0.85 (22) | 0.79 (20) | 0.69 (18) | 17.60 (447) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 8.0 (20) | 10.7 (27) | 10.7 (27) | 8.3 (21) | 1.1 (2.8) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.4 (1.0) | 2.7 (6.9) | 6.7 (17) | 8.9 (23) | 57.5 (145.7) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 4.1 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 10.1 | 5.8 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 73.7 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 3.6 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 2.7 | 4.3 | 23.0 |
| Source 1: NOAA[26] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service[27] | |||||||||||||
Statewide, Colorado has experienced an average temperature increase of about 2.5 °F (1.4 °C) over the past half-century.[28] Given its location in the center of the state, Castle Rock is expected to experience continuing warming and higher average temperatures through the 21st century, as the effects of climate change continue to be felt. Daily minimum temperatures are also expected to continue rising, as they have for the past 30 years.
Castle Rock's ZIP codes include many neighborhoods:
North of Downtown / West of I-25 |
|
Castle Rock encompasses about 35 square miles (91 km2), with a population of more than 73,000.[29]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 88 | — | |
| 1890 | 315 | 258.0% | |
| 1900 | 304 | −3.5% | |
| 1910 | 365 | 20.1% | |
| 1920 | 461 | 26.3% | |
| 1930 | 478 | 3.7% | |
| 1940 | 580 | 21.3% | |
| 1950 | 741 | 27.8% | |
| 1960 | 1,152 | 55.5% | |
| 1970 | 1,531 | 32.9% | |
| 1980 | 3,921 | 156.1% | |
| 1990 | 8,708 | 122.1% | |
| 2000 | 20,224 | 132.2% | |
| 2010 | 48,231 | 138.5% | |
| 2020 | 73,158 | 51.7% | |
| 2024 (est.) | 83,213 | [30] | 13.7% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[31] 2020 Census[5] | |||
As of the2010 census, 48,231 people, 16,688 households, and 12,974 families were residing in the town. The population density was 1,526.3 inhabitants per square mile (589.3/km2). The 17,626 housing units had an average density of 557.8 per square mile (215.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 90.7%White, 1.7%Asian, 1.1%African American, 0.6%American Indian, 0.1%Pacific Islander, 2.9% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races.Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 10.0% of the population.
Of the 16,688 households, 48.4% had children under 18 living with them, 65.4% were married couples living together, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.3% were not families. About 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.0% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.86, and the average family size was 3.27.
In the town, the age distribution was 32.4% under 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 6.2% who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 95.5 males 18 and over.
The median income for a household in the town was $85,461, and for a family was $95,973. Males had a median income of $66,993 versus $47,087 for females. Theper capita income for the town was $34,089. About 4.0% of families and 6.2% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 8.2% of those under 18 and 6.2% of those 65 or over.
Castle Rock is the16th-most populous municipality in Colorado and is the center of the burgeoningurbanization of the county.
Because of its Front Range location between Denver and its inner suburbs and Colorado Springs, many of Castle Rock's residents commute nearly 40 miles to southernColorado Springs onI-25 or theDenver Technological Center, better known as the Denver Tech Center, which is an 18-mile drive north, with downtownDenver roughly 30 miles north, andDenver International Airport about 45 miles north.
About 80% of Castle Rock residents commute out of town to work.[32] The average one-way commute time for a Castle Rock resident is about 29 minutes, longer than the U.S. average.[33] One reason for this is that the town has not yet attracted the variety or extent of employers needed to significantly lower the number of commuters to work outside Castle Rock. The town has relatively little land zoned for industrial or light industrial use, with the vast majority of the land within town limits dedicated to residential construction only.[34]
As of 2011, 78.2% of the population over the age of 16 was in the labor force, 0.4% was in the armed forces, and 77.7% was in the civilian labor force, with 72.6% employed and 5.1% unemployed. The employed civilian labor force was 48.0% in management, business, science, and arts; 25.8% in sales and office occupations; 14.7% in service occupations; 6.4% in natural resources, construction, and maintenance; and 5.2% in production, transportation, and material moving. The three industries employing the largest proportion of the working civilian labor force were educational services, health care, and social assistance (15.5%); professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services (13.2%); and finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing (12.6%).
Castle Rock's cost of living is above average. Compared to a U.S. average of 100, the cost of living index for the town is 137.2.[35]
As of mid-2019, the median home value in the town was $427,537.[32] The median gross monthly rent for an apartment was about $1,461.[36]
The town's housing base continues to grow. About 1,400 permits to build new homes were issued in 2018.[32]
Castle Rock is ahome-rule municipality with acouncil–manager form of government. The town's governing body is the town council, made up of seven members including the mayor and mayor pro-tem.[37] Each councilmember is elected to represent an election district, and the mayor is elected to represent the town at large.[37] One member, appointed by the council, serves as the mayor pro-tem.[38] Castle Rock voters approved a change to the town charter that authorized an at-large mayor in 2017.
The mayor presides over council meetings and casts one vote, like other councilmembers.[38] The council sets policy for the town, adopts ordinances, approves the town budget, makes major land-use decisions, and appoints key town government staff, including thetown manager,town attorney, municipal judge, and members of town boards and commissions.[39]
The town manager supervises all departments, prepares and implements the town budget, and works with the council to develop policies and propose new plans.[40]
Tax revenues are used to provide general government, fire, police, parks maintenance and programs, street maintenance and operations, support for recreation, and planning and code enforcement services. The town also provides development services, golf, water, and sewer services to residents through self-supporting enterprise funds. The average annual municipal property tax bill of a Castle Rock resident is $40.66.[41] That is in addition to property taxes assessed by Douglas County and other entities.
As thecounty seat, Castle Rock is the administrative center of Douglas County. The county courthouse, the Douglas County Justice Center, is north of downtown, and most departments of the county government base their operations in the town.[42][43]
As of 2013[update], Castle Rock lies withinColorado's 4th U.S. Congressional District.[44] The town is in the 4th district of theColorado Senate and the 45th district of theColorado House of Representatives.[45]
Castle Rock is the county seat of Douglas County, a Republican stronghold in Colorado.
Douglas County School District, based in Castle Rock, operates 18public schools in the town. These include 10 elementary schools, two middle schools, two charter schools, one magnet school, onealternative high school, and two high schools:Castle View High School andDouglas County High School.[46] In addition, there are three private primary schools in Castle Rock.[47]
School-board elections in Douglas County are held in odd-numbered years. In recent years, the community has experienced a spirited debate between supporters of significant change in the management of local schools and those who oppose such changes or believe they should advance at a slower pace.
TheDouglas County Libraries public library system is based in Castle Rock, co-located with the local branch library, the Philip S. Miller Library, south of downtown. The Miller Library includes archives and local history and offers several educational and recreational programs to the public.[48] Also, it includesLittle Free Library places scattered throughout, such as in the festival park.[citation needed]
Interstate 25 andU.S. Route 87 run concurrently north-south through Castle Rock.U.S. Route 85, also a north-south route, enters the town from the northwest, meeting I-25 at Exit 184; south of the exit, it runs concurrently with I-25 and U.S. 87.Colorado State Highway 86, an east-west route, enters Castle Rock from the east, then turns north and west as Founders Parkway, terminating at its junction with I-25 at Exit 184.[49]
For local transportation within Castle Rock, the town government sponsors avoucher program for reduced-fare taxi service. This service is available to town residents who are disabled or who do not have access to a vehicle. In addition, the Castle Rock Senior Center offers a shuttle service for resident senior citizens.[50]
Castle Rock does not participate in the Denver metropolitan area'sRegional Transportation District. Municipal voters decided in November 2005 to opt the town out of the district.[51] As a result, neither bus nor light-rail service to Denver or any of its other suburbs is available from Castle Rock.
BNSF Railway andUnion Pacific Railroad each have a freight rail line that runs through Castle Rock.[52] Both lines run parallel to U.S. 85.[20]
CORE Electric Cooperative, based in nearby Sedalia, provides electric power.Black Hills Energy provides natural-gas service.Waste Management and other businesses provide trash removal.[53]
The town government's Utilities Department oversees water provision, distribution, and infrastructure maintenance.[54] Historically, nearly all of the water needed by Castle Rock residents was pumped from aquifers below the ground, including theDenver Basin aquifer. Beginning in 2013, when the town developed its first strategic plan for the management of water, Castle Rock has moved toward more use of surface water. Between 2006 and 2018, daily per capita water use in Castle Rock declined from 137 gallons to 115 gallons.[55]
Starting in 2020, Castle Rock expected to begin treating sink, tap, and toilet water to potable water quality standards so that it can be reused.[56] The town aimed to achieve a goal of reliance upon renewable water resources for 75% of municipal needs by 2050 and, by 2020, about one-third of all water used in Castle Rock was expected to be from a reusable source.[57]
As of July 2019 Castle Rock, Denver, and Pitkin County are the first three Colorado municipal or county governments to adopt a stateregulation governinggreywater reuse.[58]
AdventHealth Castle Rock is the only hospital.[59]
Founded in 1895, Castle Rock News-Press is the onlynewspaper.[60]Castle Rock is part of the Denver radio and television market.Radio stationKJMN islicensed to Castle Rock, but broadcasts from Denver playing aSpanishadult hits format on 92.1FM.[61][62] Denver radio station850 KOA, which broadcasts anews/talk and sports format, operates its 50,000-watt transmitter from a site 10 miles northeast of downtown Castle Rock, in the town ofParker. Another Denver station,KAMP (1430 AM), aCBS Sports Radio affiliate with asports radio format, operates its transmitter from Highlands Ranch, 13 miles north of downtown Castle Rock.
NPR programming can be heard onColorado Public Radio'sKCFR-FM. Castle Rock is also served by the AM signal ofKGNU, a noncommercial affiliate ofPRI,Pacifica, and theBBC World Service, and which also provides diverse music programming.
Television stationKETD, an affiliate of theEstrella TV network, broadcasts on digital channel 46. Licensed to Castle Rock, the station is located nearCentennial, Colorado.[63]
Castle Rock'sopen space and parks comprise 27% the town's total land area (5,415 acres (21.91 km2) of parks and open space / 20,224 acres (81.84 km2) total land area). Additionally, there are nearly 75 miles (121 km) of soft-surface and paved trails.[64]
Philip S. Miller Park is the largest park project in Castle Rock. "Phase One" of the park was opened to the public on October 25, 2014.[65] The park is named after a local banker and philanthropist, who with his wife Jerry, left trust monies to Castle Rock in the mid-1990s. The Phillip S. Miller Activity Center is included in the park's 300 acres.[66]
The Castle Rock Historical Museum is in the formerDenver and Rio Grande Railway depot building on Elbert Street. This building is purported to have been built in 1875. It is made of rhyolite taken from local quarries. The museum depicts how Castle Rock has changed over the years.
From 1986 through 2006, a professional golf tournament was held inCastle Pines Village.The International, aPGA Tour event, was held in August at the Castle Pines Golf Club.
Since 1936, every Saturday before Thanksgiving, the Town of Castle Rock lights the 45-foot (14 m) electric star upon Castle Rock.[67] A lighting event is held downtown that night and is usually accompanied by a fireworks display. The star remains lit from the week before Thanksgiving to the end of the National Western Stock Show in January. This has changed multiple times; following World War II, it was changed to a V, also, the same year as theDenver Broncos being in the Super Bowl, it was changed to orange and blue. Throughout part of the lockdown in early 2020 due to COVID-19, the star was relit as a symbol of unity.
Notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Castle Rock include:
Media from Commons
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