| Casa Rosada | |
|---|---|
_logo.png){kind=logo} | |
 Main façade as seen fromPlaza de Mayo | |
  Location in Buenos Aires | |
| Alternative names | Casa de Gobierno ("House of Government") |
| General information | |
| Type | Official workplace of thePresident of Argentina |
| Architectural style | Italianate–Eclectic |
| Address | Balcarce 50 |
| Town or city | Buenos Aires |
| Country | Argentina |
| Coordinates | 34°36′29″S58°22′13″W / 34.60806°S 58.37028°W /-34.60806; -58.37028 |
| Current tenants | Government of Argentina |
| Construction started |
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| Completed |
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| Demolished | 1938 (partial) |
| Client | Government of Argentina |
| Owner | Government of Argentina |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 4 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) |
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| Main contractor |
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TheCasa Rosada (Spanish pronunciation:[ˈkasaroˈsaða]),lit. 'the Pink House', is thepresident of the Argentine Republic's official workplace, located inBuenos Aires. The palatial mansion is known officially asCasa de Gobierno ("House of Government" or "Government House"). Normally, the president lives at theQuinta de Olivos, the president of Argentina's official residence, located inOlivos,Greater Buenos Aires. The characteristic color of the Casa Rosada is baby pink, and it is considered one of the most emblematic buildings in Buenos Aires. The building also houses a museum, which contains objects relating to former presidents of Argentina. It has been declared a National Historic Monument of Argentina.
TheCasa Rosada sits at the eastern end of thePlaza de Mayo, a large square which since the 1580 foundation ofBuenos Aires has been surrounded by many of the most important political institutions of the city and of Argentina. The site, originally at the shoreline of theRío de la Plata, was first occupied by the "Fort of Juan Baltazar of Austria", a structure built on the orders of the founder of Buenos Aires, CaptainJuan de Garay, in 1594. Its 1713 replacement by a masonry structure (the "Castle of San Miguel") complete with turrets made the spot the effective nerve center of colonial government. Following independence, PresidentBernardino Rivadavia had aNeoclassical portico built at the entrance in 1825, and the building remained unchanged until, in 1857, the fort was demolished in favor of a new customs building. Under the direction ofBritish Argentine architect Edward Taylor, theItalianate structure was Buenos Aires' largest building from 1859 until the 1890s.[1][2]
The old fort's administrative annex, which survived the construction of Taylor's Customs House, was enlisted as the presidential offices byBartolomé Mitre in the 1860s and his successor,Domingo Sarmiento, who beautified the drab building with patios, gardens and wrought-iron grillwork, had the exterior painted pink reportedly in order to defuse political tensions by mixing the red and white colors of the country's two opposing political parties: red was the color of theFederalists, while white was the color of theUnitarians.[3] An alternative explanation suggests that the original paint contained cow's blood to prevent damage from the effects ofhumidity. Sarmiento also authorized the construction of the Central Post Office next door in 1873, commissioningSwedish Argentine architect Carl Kihlberg, who designed this, one of the first of Buenos Aires' many examples ofSecond Empire architecture.[1]
Presiding over an unprecedented socio-economic boom, PresidentJulio Roca commissioned architect Enrique Aberg to replace the cramped State House with one resembling the neighboring Central Post Office in 1882. Following works to integrate the two structures, Roca had architectFrancesco Tamburini build the iconic Italianate archway between the two in 1884. The resulting State House, still known as the "Rose House", was completed in 1898 following its eastward enlargement, works which resulted in the destruction of the customs house.[1]
A Historical Museum was created in 1957 to display presidential memorabilia and selected belongings, such as sashes, batons, books, furniture, and three carriages. The remains of the former fort were partially excavated in 1984–85, and the uncovered structures were incorporated into the Museum of the Casa Rosada. Located behind the building, these works led to the rerouting of Paseo Colón Avenue, unifying the Casa Rosada with Parque Colón (Columbus Park) behind it. Plans were announced in 2009 for the restoration of surviving portions of Taylor's Customs House, as well.[4]
The Casa Rosada itself in 2006 underwent extensive renovation delayed by the2001 economic crisis. The first phase was completed for the2010 bicentennial of theMay Revolution that led to independence, with a second phase begun in 2017.[1]
In 1536, DonPedro de Mendoza established a settlement near the mouth of theRiachuelo de los Navíos, calledNuestra Señora del Buen Ayre. In 1580,Juan de Garay founded the city at the place which was to be the Plaza Mayor (nowadaysPlaza de Mayo), naming it Santísima Trinidad while the port retained the name of the original settlement; the "Royal Fort of Don Juan Baltasar de Austria" was built in 1594. It was replaced in 1713 by a more solid construction with turrets, sentry boxes, a moat and a drawbridge that upon being completed in 1720 was given the name of "Castillo San Miguel" (St. Michael's Castle). PresidentBernardino Rivadavia modified the fort in 1820, and the drawbridge was replaced by a neoclassical portico. The site which was for defence purposes at that time and also seat of the Spanish and Home governments, is where Government House currently stands.[2]
In the Pink House Museum one of its cannon holes can be found in part of a storage room of the Royal Treasury's warehouse.[2]
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Under the direction of theEnglish architect,Edward Taylor, the New Customs House was built in 1855 back to back with the rear walls of the Fort, facing the river. It is the first public building of great size built by the young mercantileState of Buenos Aires; its semicircular shape had five floors for depots and fifty one storage rooms with arched ceilings, surrounded byloggias. From the central tower at the top of which there was a clock and a beacon, stretched out a 300 m pier providing wharfaging for ships of greater draught to cast their anchors. Via two side ramps carts, loaded with goods, accessed the manoeuvring dock. It was used for almost forty years and it was demolished down to the first floor by theMadero Port project and its foundations are buried under what is todayColón Park.[2]
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PresidentDomingo Sarmiento ordered the construction of the Postal headquarters in 1873 on open ground that had remained after the south wing of theBuenos Aires Fort had been demolished. This project was carried out by the Swedish architectCarlos Kihlberg (Swedish:Carl August Kihlberg), with a design inspired byItalian Renaissance Revival architecture andFrench Second Empire details.[2]
As Government House looked totally insignificant compared to this new post office building, PresidentJulio Roca called upon the department of civil engineers to produce a project for extending and repairing the former, and the project submitted by the Swedish architect,Enrique Aberg (Swedish:Henrik Åberg) was adopted. It proposed the demolition of the Fort and the construction of another building, identical to the post office, differentiating it by incorporating a long balcony on the first floor for the use of authorities during public festivities and parades. This was the end of the Fort of which only some walls and one of the cannon holes can be seen in the current Government House museum. For aesthetic reasons and to solve the problem of lack of space it was later decided that the Post Office building be incorporated into Government House. ArchitectFrancesco Tamburini was commended this task. He designed a great centralarchway to join the two buildings into one, bringing together the surroundings where the New Customs House and Old Arcade were, interpreted by the architect as enveloping a central main axis on which the entrances were located, emphasized by a higher archway.[2]
The outlay of the buildings is three stories on Balcarce Street and four stories plus a basement/galleries of Government House Museum, on Avenida Paseo Colón, practically covering the footage of a whole bloc. All the original rooms that are on the three mainfaçades have direct ventilation and lighting, while the original internal rooms were designed in such a way that ventilation and light should come from the loggia that surround internal patios designed for this purpose. All, except one, were crowned byskylights, of which only two remain. The original structure consists of packwalls of varying thickness and slabs supported by brick counter ceilings with steel or wood roof lines, according to the sector. Following a long process of construction the current building was officially inaugurated in 1898, during the second presidency of General Julio Roca.[2]
The president sits at his or her office on a seat known as the "Seat of Rivadavia". The seat itself did not actually belong toBernardino Rivadavia, the first president of Argentina, but is instead a homage to the early statesman.[5]
The Hall of Busts houses marble busts of the many presidents of Argentina, made by diverse artists both national and international. The list, however, is not exhaustive, and subjected to political biases. PresidentNéstor Kirchner ordered in 2006 the removal of all busts of presidents that took power during coups, but the busts ofJosé Félix Uriburu,Pedro Pablo Ramírez andEdelmiro Julián Farrell were spared and finally removed during the administration of Mauricio Macri. PresidentCristina Fernández de Kirchner broke the timeline order of the busts, and placed instead the busts of Kirchner,Raúl Alfonsín,Hipólito Yrigoyen andJuan Perón in a prominent location. The administration of Macri reordered the busts under the supervision of theNational Academy of History of Argentina, andAlberto Fernández restored the order set by Cristina Kirchner. PresidentJavier Milei added the bust ofCarlos Menem, gathering it next to Mitre, Pellegrini, Sarmiento and Roca, while those of Kirchner and Alfonsín were moved away.[6] The internal regulations specify that presidents should have a bust 8 years after they leave office, but for varied reasonsIsabel Perón,Fernando de la Rúa,Adolfo Rodríguez Saá andEduardo Duhalde do not have busts.[7]
34°36′29″S58°22′13″W / 34.60806°S 58.37028°W /-34.60806; -58.37028
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