Cardiff City Football Club (Welsh:Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Caerdydd[3]) is a professionalassociation football club based inCardiff, Wales. It currently competes inEFL League One, the third tier of theEnglish football league system in the 2025–26 season following relegation. Founded in 1899 as Riverside A.F.C., the club changed its name to Cardiff City in 1908 and entered theSouthern Football League in 1910 before joining theEnglish Football League in 1920. The team has spent 17 seasons in the top tier of English football, the longest period being between 1921 and 1929. Their most recent season in the top flight was the2018–19 Premier League season.
Cardiff City is the only team from outside England to have won theFA Cup, doing so in1927. They have also reached three other cup finals in English competitions, the1925 FA Cup final againstSheffield United, the2008 FA Cup final againstPortsmouth and the2012 Football League Cup final againstLiverpool, suffering defeat on each occasion. They have competed in thePremier League for two seasons (2013–14 and 2018–19) and have never entered the UEFA Champions League. They have won theWelsh Cup on 22 occasions, making them the second-most successful team in the competition's history behindWrexham.
With the exception of a short period this century, the team has played in home colours of blue and white since 1908, from which their nickname "The Bluebirds" derives. Cardiff's first permanent ground wasNinian Park, which opened in 1910; it remained in use for 99 years until the club moved into theCardiff City Stadium in 2009. Cardiff has long-standing rivalries with nearby clubsSwansea City, with whom they contest theSouth Wales derby, andBristol City, with whom they contest theSevernside derby. The club's record appearance holder isBilly Hardy, who made 590 appearances in a 20-year playing spell with Cardiff City, and their record goalscorer isLen Davies with 179 goals.
Following a meeting at the home oflithographic artistBartley Wilson in Cardiff,[4] the club was founded in 1899 as Riverside A.F.C. as a way of keeping players from the Riverside Cricket Club together and in shape during the winter months.[5][6] In their first season, they playedfriendlies against local sides at theirSophia Gardens ground. In 1900 they joined theCardiff & District League for their first competitive season.[7] WhenKing Edward VII granted Cardiff city status in 1905, the club put in a request to theSouth Wales and Monmouthshire Football Association to change their name to Cardiff City.[5] The request was turned down as they were deemed not to be playing at a high enough level. To enhance their standing, the team arranged to join theSouth Wales League in 1907. The following year they were granted permission to change the name of the club to Cardiff City.[8][9]
Although growing in stature, the club was forced to turn down the opportunity to join the newly formed Second Division of theSouthern Football League due to a lack of facilities at their Sophia Gardens ground. Over the next two years, Cardiff played friendlies against some of Britain's top professional sides, includingMiddlesbrough,Bristol City, andCrystal Palace. The matches were played at grounds in Cardiff and nearby towns so as to gauge the level of public interest in the team.[10] The club eventually secured land to build their own stadium,Ninian Park, which was completed in 1910. The club turned professional the same year. They made their first signing the following year with the acquisition ofJack Evans from fellow Welsh side Cwmparc.[9]
With the new ground in place, Cardiff joined the Southern Football League Second Division[11] and appointed their first manager,Davy McDougall, who becameplayer-manager.[12] They went on to finish in fourth place in their first year in the league. The board decided to replace McDougall withFred Stewart, who had previous managerial experience withStockport County.[4] He set about adopting a more professional approach, signing several players with Football League experience, including brothersJohn andGeorge Burton andBilly Hardy. Stewart led the team to promotion in his second season by winning the Second Division title. They remained in the First Division for the next decade, and finished in the top four on two occasions.[9][13]
In 1920, the club submitted a successful application to join theFootball League and were placed into theSecond Division for the1920–21 season.[9] Stewart brought in several players with Football League experience, breaking the club's transfer record on two occasions to signJimmy Gill and laterJimmy Blair fromThe Wednesday. They played their first match in the Football League on 28 August 1920, defeating Stockport County 5–2.[14] The side finished the season in second place to win promotion to theFirst Division.[11] They finished behindBirmingham City ongoal average, and reached the semi-final of theFA Cup.[15] In their third season in the top-tier, the team finished runners-up toHuddersfield Town because of a goal average difference of 0.024.[11][15][16] Cardiff drew their final match 0–0 as club record goalscorerLen Davies missed a penalty.[15]
Yearly table position since Cardiff City joined the Football League[11]
Thefollowing season was the first time Cardiff appeared atWembley Stadium, having reached their first FA Cup final.[11] The team lost 1–0 toSheffield United following a goal fromEngland internationalFred Tunstall.[15] The1926–27 season, when they finished in 14th position, was Cardiff's worst performance in the top tier of English Football since winning promotion six seasons before. However, they reached their second FA Cup final in the space of two years.[15] OnSt George's Day, 23 April 1927, at Wembley Stadium in London, Cardiff became the only non-English side to win the FA Cup by defeatingArsenal 1–0 in thefinal;[17]Hughie Ferguson scored the only goal of the game in the 74th minute. He received the ball fromErnie Curtis and hurried a tame shot toward the goal;[18]Dan Lewis, the Arsenal goalkeeper, allowed the shot to slip through his grasp and knocked the ball into the net with his elbow.[19] CaptainFred Keenor received the FA Cup trophy at the end of the match from KingGeorge V only seven years after Cardiff City had entered the Football League.[15] When the team returned to Cardiff the next day, a crowd of around 150,000 people lined the streets to welcome them.[20]
The side also won theWelsh Cup in 1927, defeatingRhyl 2–0 and so becoming the only club to win the national cups of two countries in the same season. They went on to win theFA Charity Shield after beating amateur sidethe Corinthians 2–1 atStamford Bridge.[21][15][22] The club entered a period of decline after their cup success. They were relegated from the First Division in the1928–29 season, despite conceding fewer goals than any other side in the division.[23] They suffered a second relegation two years later, dropping into theThird Division South for the first time since they joined the Football League.[11] During their first season in the division, Cardiff recorded their biggest-ever win when they beatThames by a scoreline of 9–2.[24] They finished the1932–33 season in 19th place, resulting in manager Fred Stewart tendering his resignation from his post after 22 years in charge.[15] Club founder Bartley Wilson stepped in to replace Stewart. Results continued to be disappointing, and in March 1934,Ben Watts-Jones was given the opportunity to manage the club he had supported as a youngster. He was unable to turn the team's fortunes around; they finished the season at the bottom of the table, and had to apply for re-election to the league.[4] Watts-Jones remained in charge for another three years untilBill Jennings replaced him. Cardiff remained in the Third Division South until the Football League was suspended following the outbreak ofWorld War II.[11][15]
In their first season since the resumption of the Football League, under new managerBilly McCandless, Cardiff finished the1946–47 season as champions of the Third Division South and returned to the Second Division.[25] McCandless left the club soon after and was replaced byCyril Spiers who led the side to promotion in the1951–52 season.[11][26] Cardiff returned to the top tier of English football for the first time in 23 years and stayed there for five seasons.[15] They were relegated after in 1957, after struggling in the bottom half of the table for three seasons.[26] They returned to the First Division for two seasons between 1960 and 1962 before they were again relegated.[11]
During the 1960s, Cardiff participated inEuropean competition for the first time as a result of winning the Welsh Cup, which granted qualification to the newly createdEuropean Cup Winners Cup.[27] Their first ever match in European competition was in the tournament during the 1964–65 season against Danish sideEsbjerg fB. The team won 1–0 on aggregate over two legs, the only goal being scored byPeter King.[28] They went on to reach the quarter-finals before being knocked out byReal Zaragoza.[11] Despite their exploits in Europe, the team were still struggling in league competition under the stewardship ofJimmy Scoular, finishing in 20th position in the Second Division.[29] Two years later the team reached the semi-final of the Cup Winners Cup after victories overShamrock Rovers,NAC Breda, andTorpedo Moscow set up a tie with German sideHamburg,[11] whose squad contained severalGerman internationals. This remains the furthest any Welsh side has advanced in European competition.[30] After a 1–1 draw in the first leg, over 43,000 fans turned out at Ninian Park to watch Hamburg win 3–2.[29][31] During the1970–71 season, Cardiff reached the quarter-finals of the Cup Winners Cup where they faced Spanish sideReal Madrid. The first leg of the tie was held at Ninian Park where 47,000 fans watched one of the most significant victories in Cardiff's history whenBrian Clark headed in to give Cardiff a 1–0 win.[8][32] They were later eliminated after losing the second leg 2–0.[29] The team remained in the Second Division for 19 of the 20 seasons between 1962 and 1982, having been relegated to the Third Division for the 1975–76 season.[11][33]
Cardiff were continuously in the lower two divisions of the Football League between 1985 and 1993. The club appointed several managers in attempts to turn the team's performances around with limited success.[33] They were relegated to theFourth Division once in the1985–86 season and, despite returning to the Third Division on two occasions, they finished in their lowest-ever league position in1996—22nd of 24 in Division Three.[34] In 1995, Cardiff and other Welsh clubs competing in English leagues were banned from entering the Welsh Cup by theFootball Association of Wales after pressure fromUEFA,[35] who did not want teams playing in two national cup competitions.[36] Their final match in the competition was a 2–1 defeat to Wrexham in the1995 final.[11]
In August 2000, Lebanese businessmanSam Hammam purchased control of the club and replaced Steve Borley as chairman.[37][38] Shortly after taking over, he controversially pledged to get the entire Welsh nation to support Cardiff by renaming the club "The Cardiff Celts" and changing the club colours to green, red and white.[39] After lengthy talks with senior players and fans, he decided the best policy was not to change the name of the club. The club crest was redesigned; the new design incorporated the Cardiff City bluebird in front of theFlag of Saint David and featured the club's nickname superimposed at the top of the crest.[40] Hammam funded the transfers of several new players to the club, and new managerLennie Lawrence guided Cardiff to promotion when they won the Second Division play-off in2003 againstQueens Park Rangers.[41] SubstituteAndy Campbell came off the bench to score the only goal in extra time and ensure Cardiff's return to Division One after an 18-year absence.[37]
The club experienced increasing financial difficulties over the next few years and plans for a new stadium failed to gain approval fromCardiff Council because of concerns over financial security in 2006.[37] Hammam then agreed to a takeover by a consortium led by new chairmanPeter Ridsdale and the lead developer of the new stadium, Paul Guy.[42] During the 2007–08 season, Cardiff reached the semi-final of the FA Cup for the first time in 81 years after beating Middlesbrough 2–0 on 9March 2008.[37] After coming through their semi-final againstBarnsley with a 1–0 win atWembley Stadium on 6 April with a goal fromJoe Ledley,[43] they eventually lost 1–0 toPortsmouth in the final, thanks to a goal from Nwankwo Kanu in the 37th minute.[37][44]
In May 2010,Datuk Chan Tien Ghee took over as club chairman following a takeover bid by a Malaysian consortium;Vincent Tan also invested and joined the board.[45][46] Tan later became the Cardiff's majority shareholder after buying out several other directors and acquired around 82% of the club's shares.[47] In 2011, the club appointedMalky Mackay as manager.[48] He took the side to theLeague Cup final for the first time in the club's history during his first season.[11] The following season, Cardiff won the2012–13 Championship title and with it gained promotion to the top tier of English football for the first time after 52 years.[49][50] On 18 August 2013, Cardiff played their first ever away Premier League match againstWest Ham United, losing 2–0.[51] Cardiff won only three games in the first half of the season and, on 27 December 2013, Mackay was sacked by Vincent Tan and replaced byOle Gunnar Solskjær.[52][53] Despite the change in management, Cardiff were relegated to the Championship after a single season following a 3–0 away defeat toNewcastle United.[54] Solskjær himself was sacked on 18 September 2014 after a disappointing start to the following Championship season, and replaced byLeyton Orient managerRussell Slade.[55]
In October 2016,Neil Warnock was appointed first team manager of Cardiff.[56] Warnock took over the team with Cardiff second from the bottom of the table after two wins from eleven games, and guided the side to a 12th-placed finish after a good run of form.[57] The start of the 2017–18 season saw Cardiff break a club record by winning their opening three league games of a season, the first time in the club's 107-year professional history.[58] They proceeded to clinch promotion to the Premier League afterfinishing second in the table.[59] However, they were relegated back to the Championship after asingle season.[60]
Warnock resigned as manager in November 2019 following a poor start to the season and was replaced byNeil Harris.[61][62] Harris guided Cardiff to a 5th-placed finish before suffering defeat in the Championship playoff semi-final.[63] After a run of six straight defeats, Harris was sacked on 21 January 2021,[64] beginning a chain of short-term hirings. His replacement,Mick McCarthy, was appointed the following day,[65] but was relieved of his duties less than a year later with the side 2 points above relegation.[66] The club's under–23 managerSteve Morison was appointed as caretaker manager before signing an 18-month contract after guiding the Bluebirds to safety.[67] Morrison was sacked in September 2022 and replaced byMark Hudson, who lasted only 4 months in the role before he too was dismissed in January 2023.[68]
In December 2022, Cardiff City was issued with a transfer embargo byFIFA, which was lifted in January 2023.[69][70] The club also appealed against an embargo from theEnglish Football League which prevented it paying fees for players until May 2024.[70]
In March 2023, Cardiff City reported an operating loss of £29 million for the 2021–22 season.[71]
In June 2023,Erol Bulut was appointed as Cardiff manager.[72] However, in September 2024, he was sacked, as Cardiff started the2024/2025 Championship Season with six consecutive winless games.[73] His replacement (and previous assistant manager),Omer Riza, lasted until April 2025. After this,Aaron Ramsey took charge on an interim basis until the end of the season.[74] Later on, in April 2025, Cardiff City got relegated to League One.[75] This led to the Supporters' Trust calling for an urgent meeting with Vincent Tan, saying "big changes are needed... to avoid a further downward spiral in the fortunes of the club" in an official statement.[76][77]
Cardiff has a large catchment area from which to draw its supporter base. With only two professional teams (Swansea City andNewport County) sharing the South Wales region, the club enjoys considerable support from both the city of Cardiff and the surroundingSouth Wales Valleys.[78] As a Welsh club playing in the English football league system, national identity is believed to be a major factor in fan support, and some of the club's matches are considered to be Welsh cross-border rivalries with England.[78][79] During the 1980s, as the club struggled in the lower divisions of English football, crowds dropped to an average of 3,000 per match. An increase in the club's fortunes saw a steady improvement in crowd numbers. The average attendance at home matches rose from 3,594 to 12,522 between 1997 and 2002.[80] Promotion to the second tier in 2003 brought further increases in numbers. The opening of the Cardiff City Stadium led to average attendances reaching 20,000 fans, culminating with highs of between 28,000 and 31,000 during two seasons in the Premier League.[81][82] Despite this increase, the club has often been regarded as attracting fewer spectators than similarly placed teams. This has been attributed to several factors such as the club's controversial change to red shirts between 2012 and 2015—some supporters being perceived asfairweather fans, and a lack of atmosphere.[81][83]
Cardiff City fans performing "the Ayatollah" in 2011
Welsh national identity also contributes to the supporter culture of the club. "Men of Harlech", a song largely made famous by the 1964 filmZulu, which depicted a battle involving a Welsh regiment,[84] and "I'll Be There", a take on a miner's song that was popular during the1926 United Kingdom general strike, are both frequently sung before and during matches.[85]The Ayatollah, an act involving raising both arms up and down above the head in a patting motion, has become synonymous with the club and its supporters as a celebratory gesture since its adoption in the early 1990s.[86][87] The action has become popular with Cardiff fans outside football to show support for the club with boxerNathan Cleverly,[88] Olympic swimmerDavid Davies and rugby playerGareth Thomas all having performed the action at some points of their careers.[86][89]
Known as theSouth Wales derby, Cardiff City's most significant rivalry is with nearby neighboursSwansea City, and over 100 games have been played in all competitions between the sides. Swansea's first competitive match following their founding in 1912 was against Cardiff in the Southern Football League.[6] The rivalry had been relatively friendly until the 1970s and 1980s. Economic issues, such as theUK miners' strike, rivalry between the two cities and an increase infootball hooliganism led to numerous violent clashes between fans at the matches. One game in 1993 was dubbed "The Battle of Ninian Park" for its particularly severe violence and resulted in away fans being banned from attending any matches between the sides for four years.[90][91][92] Cardiff playerJason Perry described the period as "the dark, dark days of the derby".[93] When the ban was dropped, "bubble trips" were introduced for away fans who could only attend matches via police-escorted convoys to and from the stadium.[90][91]
Further political divide between the two cities was caused by theWelsh devolution referendum in 1997 when Cardiff was chosen as the site for the newly createdSenedd, despite the majority of the city voting against devolution.[91] Swansea, which largely voted in favour of devolution, received funding for anational swimming pool instead.[91]Alan Curtis, who played for both sides, commented, "I think Cardiff has always been perceived [...] to receive whatever funding is going around. It seems to me that everything gets channelled in that direction".[90]Further afield, the club has a rivalry withBristol City, known as theSevernside derby, and to a lesser extent,Bristol Rovers. There is also a lesser rivalry with Welsh neighboursNewport County due to the proximity of the two Welsh cities; they have rarely played against each other since the 1980s due to Cardiff being in higher leagues. In total, they have only ever played 20 Football League games against each other. A survey byFootball Fans Census in 2003 saw Swansea, Bristol City, and Newport listed as Cardiff's main three rivalries, withStoke City matching Newport in third.[94]
In the 1980s, a hooligan group known as theSoul Crew emerged from within the club's fanbase.[95] The group became notorious for their violent clashes with rival supporters and brawls between sets of supporters at football matches and other events.[96][97]
Cardiff's first ground was at Sophia Gardens recreational park, where the team played from their founding in 1899 until 1910.[98] With increasing support for the club, Bartley Wilson contacted Bute Estate, who owned large amounts of Cardiff at the time, in an attempt to find land suitable for building a stadium. They eventually agreed on an area of waste ground on Sloper Road. The land was a former rubbish tip and required extensive work to get a playable surface, but with the assistance of Cardiff Corporation and volunteers, the work was completed.[10] The original intention was to name the ground Sloper Park,[99] but Ninian Park was chosen instead afterLord Ninian Crichton-Stuart, who was a driving force behind the ground's construction.[100] The ground hosted its first match on 1September 1910 with a friendly againstAston Villa;[8] Lord Crichton-Stuart ceremonially kicked off the game.[99]
The stadium was built with one stand. A second, which replaced an earth embankment and could hold 18,000 people, was opened in 1928. It hosted its first international match in March 1911 with a Welsh match againstScotland.[99] Towards the end of its lifespan, the ground was replaced for international fixtures byCardiff Arms Park as doubts mounted over the safety of the aging ground.[101] The club's record attendance in the ground is 57,893 which was achieved during a league match against Arsenal on 22 April 1953.[102] The scaling down of grounds throughout the 1970s and 1980s due to safety fears, which saw the ground capacity fall to 22,000, meant that the record stood until the ground's closure. In its final years of use, the club was forced to seek special dispensation from authorities to keep the remaining standing areas of the ground open beyond the three-year period given to clubs at Championship level or above to remove them.[103][104]
In June 2009, the club completed construction of a 26,828-seat stadium on the site of the now-demolished oldCardiff Athletics Stadium at a cost of £48 million.[105][106] The ground was named the "Cardiff City Stadium". Three of the four stands retained the names used at Ninian Park—the Grange End, the Canton Stand and the Grandstand—and the fourth stand was named the Ninian Stand.[105] The ground's naming rights were expected to be sold, the club hoping to generate up to £9 million income; they remain unsold.[105] Although a pre-season friendly againstChasetown was played at the ground with limited capacity to test safety features,[107] the stadium was officially opened with a friendly against Scottish sideCeltic on 22 July 2009.[108] The first competitive match played at the ground was on 8August 2009, the opening day of the 2009–10 season, as Cardiff won 4–0 overScunthorpe United.[109] When it opened, theCardiff Blues rugby union club left their Cardiff Arms Park home to share the new stadium with Cardiff City.[110] The move proved unpopular among fans of the rugby club, which returned to Cardiff Arms Park in 2012.[111]
A few years after the stadium was built, plans to upgrade and expand the stadium were initiated. The expansion plans were completed in August 2014, and the seating capacity was raised to 33,316. In March 2015, it was announced that the Ninian Stand extension was to be shut for the2015–16 season due to poor ticket sales, dropping the capacity to 27,978.[112] It was reopened the following year due to an increase in demand.[113]
In February 2023, the stadium was awarded the Level Playing Field's Centre of Excellence Award in recognition of its accessible facilities and services.[114]
When Riverside A.F.C. was formed in 1899, the club used a chocolate-brown and amber checkered shirt.[5] Following the club's name change to Cardiff City in 1908, they adopted a blue shirt and white or blue shorts and socks, although for the first nine years black socks were used. Kit changes over the club's history have included all blue kits, the introduction of a yellow vertical stripe during the 1970s, and alternating blue stripes.[40]
In 2012, Vincent Tan controversially changed Cardiff's home kit colours from the traditional blue and white to red and black,[115] the first time the club had not worn blue as its primary colour since 1908. The crest was also changed to one in which theWelsh Dragon was more prominent than the traditional bluebird. These changes were made to "appeal in 'international markets'" as part of a "major investment plan" unveiled by chairman Vincent Tan.[116] The rebranding provoked strong opposition from the fans, who organised protest marches and demonstrations to voice their displeasure at the changes.[117][118] Despite Tan previously stating that the club would only return to wearing blue if another owner was found, on 9January 2015, after three seasons playing in the red kit, the club reverted its home kit back to blue with a red away kit in a bid to "unite" the club.[119][120]
Original strip used as Riverside A.F.C. before 1908
Cardiff's original colours from 1908 until the 1920s
Cardiff's lighter blue strip used between 1926 and 1930
Dark blue shirts returned between 1930 and 1992
All blue kits were used in 1992–1996 and 2000–2007
The 2009–10 strip with yellow being re-added
Cardiff briefly wore red between 2012 and 2015
Cardiff reverted to blue during the 2014–15 season
From 1908 Cardiff played in unadorned shirts. This changed in 1959 when they played in shirts with a simple crest featuring an image of abluebird. The following season their shirts were plain and unadorned and remained so until 1965 when they played in shirts with the word "Bluebirds" embroidered.[40] A new crest, similar to the one used previously, and again featuring a bluebird, was introduced in 1969. Variations of this crest have been used over the years. In the 1980s, extra features including words and motifs were added. A major change was made in 2012, when owner Vincent Tan attempted to rebrand the club to expand its appeal outside Wales.[121] This change gave large prominence to the Welsh Dragon, reducing the bluebird to a minor feature. In March 2015, Cardiff announced a new crest which would once again feature the Bluebird predominantly with aChinese dragon replacing the standard Welsh dragon.[122] In 2024, the crest was changed for the 125th anniversary of the club. The change saw the bluebird within the previous crest become the main feature in a white circle with a blue outline.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Cardiff set club records when buyingGary Medel in 2013 and selling him a year later
The record for the most appearances in all competitions is currently held byBilly Hardy who appeared in 590 matches for the club between 1911 and 1932, including in the Southern Football League.[132]Phil Dwyer has made the most appearances in the Football League era, having played in 575 matches.Len Davies is the club's top goalscorer with 179 goals in all competitions. Seven other players,Peter King,Robert Earnshaw,Brian Clark,Carl Dale,Derek Tapscott,Jimmy Gill andJohn Toshack have also scored 100 or more goals for the club.[133]
Cardiff's largest victory was a 16–0 victory overKnighton Town in the fifth round of the Welsh Cup in 1962. Their biggest league victory was a 9–2 victory over Thames on 6February 1932; their biggest FA Cup victory was an 8–0 victory overEnfield on 28 November 1931.[139]
^Stokkermans, Karel."European Cup Winners' Cup". The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved13 February 2019.
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