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Carbochemistry

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Branch of chemistry

Carbochemistry is the branch ofchemistry that studies the transformation ofcoal (bituminous coal,coal tar,anthracite,lignite,graphite, andcharcoal) into useful products and raw materials.^[1] The processes that are used in carbochemistry includedegasification processes such ascarbonization andcoking,gasification processes, andliquefaction processes.^[2]

History

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The beginning of carbochemistry goes back to the 16th century. At that time, large quantities of charcoal were needed for the smelting ofiron ores. Since the production of charcoal required large amounts of slowly-regenerating wood, the use of coal was studied. The use of pure coal was difficult because of the amount of liquid and solid by-products that were generated. In order to improve the handling the coal was initially treated as wood in kilns to producecoke.

Around 1684, John Clayton discovered thatcoal gas generated from coal was combustible. He described his discovery in thePhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.^[3]^[4]

References

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^Diez, María Antonia; Garcia, Roberto (2019-01-01), Suárez-Ruiz, Isabel; Diez, Maria Antonia; Rubiera, Fernando (eds.),"15 - Coal tar: a by-product in cokemaking and an essential raw material in carbochemistry",New Trends in Coal Conversion, Woodhead Publishing, pp. 439–487,doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102201-6.00015-7,ISBN 978-0-08-102201-6,S2CID 139687258, retrieved2022-11-15
^Dumon, R. (1977-11-01)."Coal and carbochemistry".Ind. Pet.; (France) (in French).488.
^An Experiment concerning the Spirit of Coals, by John Clayton, Philosophical Transactions, 1735, No. 452, S. 59
^Walter T. Layton:The Discoverer of Gas Lighting: Notes on the Life and Work of the Rev. John Clayton, D.D., 1657–1725. London, 1926

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