| House of Anjou | |
|---|---|
 Arms of the Capetian House of Anjou | |
| Parent house | Capetian dynasty |
| Country | Kingdom of France,Kingdom of Sicily,Kingdom of Naples,Kingdom of Hungary,Kingdom of Poland,Kingdom of Croatia,Kingdom of Albania,Principality of Albania,Principality of Achaea |
| Founded | 1246 (1246) |
| Founder | Charles I of Naples |
| Final ruler | Joanna II of Naples |
| Titles |
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| Dissolution | 1435 (1435) |
| Cadet branches | |
TheCapetian House of Anjou, orHouse of Anjou-Sicily was aroyal house andcadet branch of theCapetian dynasty. It is one of three separate royal houses referred to asAngevin, meaning "from Anjou" inFrance. Founded byCharles I of Anjou, the youngest son ofLouis VIII of France, the Capetian king first ruled theKingdom of Sicily during the 13th century. TheWar of the Sicilian Vespers later forced him out of the island ofSicily, leaving him with the southern half of theItalian Peninsula, known as theKingdom of Naples. The house and its various branches would go on to influence much of the history ofSouthern andCentralEurope during theMiddle Ages until it became extinct in 1435.
Historically, the house ruled the Counties ofAnjou,Maine,Touraine,Provence andForcalquier; the Principalities ofAchaea andTaranto; and the Kingdoms ofSicily,Naples,Hungary,Croatia,Albania andPoland.
A younger son of theHouse of Capet kingLouis VIII of Francethe Lion, Charles was first given a noble title by his brother,Louis IX of France who succeeded to the French throne in 1226. Charles was namedCount of Anjou andMaine; the feudalCounty of Anjou was a western vassal state of theKingdom of France, which the Capetians had wrested from theHouse of Plantagenet only a few decades earlier. Charles married an heiress of theCounty of Provence namedBeatrice of Provence. She was a member of theHouse of Barcelona; this meant Charles' holdings were growing asCount of Provence. After fighting in theSeventh Crusade, Charles was offered theKingdom of Sicily byPope Clement IV. At the time this included not only the island ofSicily but also the southern half of theItalian Peninsula. Pope Clement IV offered it to Charles because of a conflict between the papacy and theHoly Roman Empire, and the latter was represented by the rulingHouse of Hohenstaufen.[citation needed]
It was at theBattle of Benevento that theGuelph Capetians gained the Sicilian kingdom from theGhibelline Swabians, this was cemented after victory atTagliacozzo. In keeping with the political landscape of the period, Charles is described by scholars as shrewd, energetic and highly ambitious. He signed theTreaty of Viterbo in 1267 withBaldwin II of Courtenay andWilliam II of Villehardouin,[1] the political alliance gave many of the rights of theLatin Empire to Charles and a marriage alliance for his daughterBeatrice of Sicily. The Byzantines had taken back the city ofConstantinople in 1261 and this was a plan to take it back fromMichael VIII Palaiologos.[2] It also recognised Charles' possession ofCorfu and cities in the Balkans such asDurazzo, as well as giving him suzerainty over thePrincipality of Achaea and sovereignty of theAegean islands aside from those already held by theRepublic of Venice.[3][4] For a while Charles was preoccupied helping his French brother in the unsuccessfulEighth Crusade onTunis. After this he once again focused on Constantinople, but his fleet was wrecked in a freak storm off the coast ofTrapani. With the elevation ofPope Gregory X, there was a truce between Charles and Michael in the form of theCouncil of Lyons, as Christians focused on improving ecumenical relations, with hopes of regaining theKingdom of Jerusalem back from the Muslims.[5]
Charles had fully solidified his rule over Durazzo by 1272, creating a smallKingdom of Albania for himself, out of previouslyDespotate of Epirus territory; he was well received by local chiefs.[6]
Charles's regime was driven out of Sicily afterSicilian Vespers in 1282,[7] but his house ruled Naples until 1435, whenRené of Anjou inherited the kingdom.[8]
This House of Anjou included the branches of Anjou-Hungary, which ruledHungary (1308–1385, 1386–1395) andPoland (1370–1399), Anjou-Taranto, which ruled the remnants of the Latin Empire (1313–1374) and Anjou-Durazzo, which ruled Naples (1382–1435) and Hungary (1385–1386).
The senior line of the House of Anjou-Durazzo became extinct in the male line with the death ofKing Ladislaus of Naples in 1414, and totally extinct with the death of his sister Joanna II in 1435.
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During theMiddle Ages, there were several marriages between theÁrpád dynasty and theHouse of Capet.Charles I, founder of the House of Anjou-Sicily, with his first wife,Beatrice of Provence fathered his eldest son,Charles II of Naples. (Their youngest daughter,Elizabeth was given in marriage to the futureLadislaus IV of Hungary in 1269, but Ladislaus preferred his mistresses to her, and the marriage remained childless). In 1270, Charles II marriedMary of Hungary, daughter ofStephen V of Hungary andElizabeth the Cuman. They had fourteen children which provided theHouse of Anjou-Sicily with a secure position in Naples.
The childlessLadislaus IV of Hungary (1262–1290), was succeeded byAndrew III as King of Hungary. He was the son ofStephen the Posthumous, considered by Stephen's much older half-brothers (Béla IV of Hungary,Coloman of Halych,Andrew II of Halych) a bastard son of infidelity. For this reason, after the death of Ladislaus IV. some of theÁrpád dynasty's cognates sought the family as extinct. In Naples,Charles Martel of Anjou, the eldest son ofMary of Hungary announced his claim to the Hungarian crown, backed by his mother, and the Pope. He started to style himself King of Hungary, but he never managed to gain enough support from the Hungarian magnates to realize his claim.
With Andrew III's death (1301), the "last golden branch" of the tree of King Saint Stephen's family ended. The Hungarian diet was determined to keep the blood ofSaint Stephen (first king of Hungary) on the throne in the maternal line at least. In the upcoming years, a civil war followed between various claimants to the throne. After the short period of rule ofWenceslaus of Bohemia (1301–1305), andOtto of Bavaria (1305–1307) the civil war ended withCharles Robert's (1308–1342) victory, the son ofCharles Martel of Anjou, but he was forced to continue fighting against the powerful Hungarian lords up to the early 1320s.
I.Charles I of Anjou 1226/7–1285 king of Sicily(-Naples) =Beatrice of Provence
The three surviving sons ofCharles Robert (Charles I of Hungary) wereLouis I of Hungary (1326–1382),Andrew, Duke of Calabria (1327–1345), andStephen, Duke of Slavonia (1332–1354). Louis I had only two surviving daughters,Mary of Hungary (1371–1395), who married the futureHoly Roman EmperorSigismund of Luxembourg, andHedwig of Poland (1373/74–1399), who was given in marriage to the Grand Duke of LithuaniaWładysław II Jagiełło, the futureKing of Poland. (See the section of Poland.) After Louis I's death without male heirs, Mary's husband,Sigismund of Luxembourg (1368–1437) managed to be accepted as Mary's co-ruler, by the Hungarian lords. When the queen died (1395) the Hungarian crown passed over to the House of Luxembourg.
In 1333, the six years old second son of Charles Robert,Andrew (1327–1345) was taken to the court of Naples by his father for dynastic purposes, who put him under guardianship ofRobert the Wise. Andrew was betrothed in 1334 to his cousin Joanna, granddaughter and heiress apparent of King Robert of Naples; Andrew's father was a fraternal nephew of King Robert. At the age of 15 he marriedJoanna I of Naples. After the death of Robert (1343), the King of Naples, Andrew became a victim of power clashes in the court of Naples.
Robert's claim to the throne was rather tenuous and did not followprimogeniture. Andrew's grandfather,Charles Martel of Anjou, had died young; therefore, the throne should have passed to Andrew's father. However, due to fears of impending invasion from Sicily, it was felt that a seven-year-old heir was too risky and would not be able to hold off invasions. The throne was offered to the next son ofCharles II of Naples,Louis, but he refused on religious grounds, and it thus passed to Robert. To recompense Andrew's father, Charles II decided to assign him the claim to Hungary.
Stephen of Anjou (1332–1354),Duke of Slavonia, the third surviving son ofCharles Robert, died before his older brother. For this reason, he (and his son) had no chance to take over the rule neither in Hungary, nor in Poland. In 1350, he marriedMargaret of Bavaria. His marriage with a German princess made him unpopular in Poland. The Polish noblemen acknowledged Louis as Casimir III's sole heir in July 1351 only after he had promised that he would not allow Stephen to participate in the government of Poland. Margaret gave birth to a daughter Elizabeth (in 1370 she marriedPhilip of Taranto), and a sonJohn, who inherited Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia from his father, but he was still a child when he died in 1360.
On the death of Louis I of Hungary,Charles III of Naples, son ofLouis of Durazzo (1324–1362), the great-grandson of Charles II of Naples and Mary of Hungary, claimed the Hungarian throne as the senior Angevin male, and ousted Louis' daughter Mary of Hungary in December 1385. It was not difficult for him to reach the power, as he counted with the support of several Croatian lords, and many contacts which he made during his period as Duke of Croatia and Dalmatia. However, Elizabeth of Bosnia, widow of Louis and mother of Mary, arranged to have Charles assassinated on 7 February 1386. He died of wounds at Visegrád on 24 February. His son,Ladislaus of Naples would try to obtain the crown of Hungary in the future, but never reached his goal.
In 1355, the lastPiast king of Poland,Casimir III, designated his sororal nephew, the Angevin kingLouis I of Hungary, as hisheir presumptive by thePrivilege of Buda. Upon the death of Casimir (5 November 1370), who left no legitimate sons, Louis ascended the Polish throne virtually unopposed. The Polish nobility welcomed his accession, rightly believing that Louis would be an absentee king who would not take much interest in Polish affairs. He sent his motherElizabeth, sister of Casimir III, to govern Poland as regent.[10][page needed] Louis probably considered himself first and foremost king of Hungary; he visited his northern kingdom three times and spent there a couple of months altogether. Negotiations with the Polish nobility frequently took place in Hungary. Hungarians themselves were unpopular in Poland, as was the king's Polish mother who governed the kingdom. In 1376,circa 160 Hungarians in her retinue were massacred inKraków and the queen returned to Hungary disgraced.[11] Louis replaced her with their relative,Vladislaus II of Opole.[11]
The Hungarian-Polish union fell apart after Louis died in 1382. The dissatisfied Polish nobles demanded that his successor in Hungary,Mary, move to Kraków and reign over Hungary and Poland from there. Mary's mother,Elizabeth of Bosnia (widow of Louis and grandniece of Casimir III's father,Vladislaus I), knew that the lack of supporters would render her influence at least as restricted as that of her mother-in-law and refused to move.[11] She abandoned the idea of attempting to subdue the Polish nobility by force and agreed to send her younger surviving daughter,Hedwig, to be crowned as Louis' successor in Poland.
Hedvig (known as Jadwiga in Poland) was crowned "king" in Poland's capital, Kraków, on 16 October 1384. Her coronation either reflected the Polish nobility's opposition to her intended husband, William, becoming king without further negotiation, or simply emphasized her status as queen regnant. With her mother's consent, Jadwiga's advisors opened negotiations withJogaila,Grand Duke of Lithuania, who was still a pagan, concerning his potential marriage to Jadwiga. Jogaila signed theUnion of Krewo, pledging to convert to Roman Catholicism and to promote his pagan subjects' conversion. Jogaila, who took the baptismal name Władysław, married Jadwiga on 15 February 1386. Jogaila, now in Polish styledWładysław Jagiełło, was crowned King of Poland on 4 March 1386. As Jadwiga's co-ruler, Jagiełło worked closely with his wife. Hedvig (or Jadwiga) was childless for over a decade. She became pregnant in late 1398 or early 1399. A newborn princess named Elizabeth Bonifacia was delivered on 22 June 1399 at Wawel Castle. However, the infant died after only three weeks, on 13 July 1399.[153] Jadwiga, too, was on her deathbed. She died on 17 July 1399, four days after her newborn daughter. Thus, the Polish throne went over to theJagiellonian dynasty of Lithuanian origin. The union of Poland and Lithuania was a decisive moment in the histories of both countries; it marked a beginning of the four centuries of shared history. By 1569, the Polish–Lithuanian union grew into a new state, thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and lasted until theThird Partition in 1795.
After manyunsuccessful attempts to drive theHohenstaufen out of theKingdom of Sicily,Charles I of Anjou defeated kingManfred at theBattle of Benevento.James II of Aragon, who marriedConstance II of Sicily of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, would gain control over the islandSicily during theWar of the Sicilian Vespers in the 1280s splitting the kingdom in two with the island of Sicily becoming part of theCrown of Aragon while the kingdom of "Sicily" remained under Angevin control.
When KingRobert the Wise died in 1343, in his last will and testament, he formally bequeathed his kingdom to his granddaughterJoanna, making no mention ofAndrew and thus denying him the right to reign along with Joanna. With the approval ofPope Clement VI, Joanna was crowned sole monarch of Naples in August 1344. Fearing for his life, Andrew wrote to his mother Elizabeth that he would soon flee the kingdom. She intervened, and made a state visit, before she returned to Hungary allegedly bribing Pope Clement to reverse himself and permit the coronation of Andrew.
Hearing of the Pope's reversal, a group of noble conspirators (the involvement of Queen Joanna is unproved) determined to forestall Andrew's coronation. During a hunting trip atAversa, Andrew left his room in the middle of the night and was set upon by the conspirators. A treacherous servant barred the door behind him, and, as Joanna cowered in their bed, a terrible struggle ensued, Andrew defending himself furiously and shrieking for aid. He was finally overpowered, strangled with a cord, and flung from a window. Isolde, Andrew's Hungarian nurse took the Prince's corpse to the church of the monks, and remained with it until next morning mourning it. When the Hungarian knights arrived she told them everything in their mother tongue so no one else would learn about the truth, and soon they left Naples reporting everything to the Hungarian King.[12]
The deed would taint the rest of Joanna's reign, although she was twice acquitted of any charge in the trials that followed. Andrew's elder brotherLouis I of Hungaryseveral times invaded the Kingdom of Naples and drove out Joanna, only to meet with reverses.
In November 1347, Louis set out for Naples with some 1,000 soldiers (Hungarians and Germans), mostly mercenaries. When he reached the border of Joanna's kingdom, he had 2,000 Hungarian knights, 2,000 mercenary heavy cavalry, 2,000Cuman horse archers and 6000 mercenary heavy infantry. Joanna in the meantime had married her cousin Louis of Taranto and had signed a peace with Naples' traditional enemy, the Kingdom of Sicily. The army of Naples, 2,700 knights and 5,000 infantrymen, was led by Louis of Taranto. On 11 January 1348, in the Battle of Capua, the king of Hungary defeated the army of Louis of Taranto. Four days later the queen repaired to Provence, while her husband followed soon afterwards. All the kingdom's barons swore loyalty to the new ruler as he marched to Naples from Benevento. While visiting Aversa, where his brother had been murdered, Louis had Charles of Durazzo assassinated in revenge by his condottiero. The Neapolitans, who had quickly grown unhappy with the severe Hungarian rule, called back Joan, who paid for her return expedition by selling her rights on Avignon to the popes. She landed near Naples and easily captured it, but the Hungarian commander Ulrich von Wolfart commanded a strong resistance in Apulia. Joanna and Louis would await a new trial on Andrew's assassination, to be held in Avignon. The verdict was Joanna's acquittal from any charge in January 1352, and a peace was signed with Hungary on 23 March 1352. Ultimately, 37 years later, Louis' kinsmanCharles III of Naples conquered Naples with Hungarian aid and put Joanna to death.
As the adopted son of Joanna,Louis I of theHouse of Valois-Anjou (a different cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty related to theHouse of Valois) claimed the throne of Naples. His sonLouis II would size territory parts of the kingdom ofLadislaus of Naples but remain unable to conquer the kingdom. The conflict between the two lines continued untilJoanna II of Naples, the last member of the House of Anjou, would nameLouis III of Valois-Anjou as her heir but because he died before her so his brotherRené would succeed her in 1435.Alfonso V of Aragon would use this as a pretext for hisinvasion of Naples in 1442 reuniting the kingdoms. Other Capetian pretenders would try to size the thronein the 1460s,Italian Wars and theNeapolitan Revolt of 1647 from the Aragonese, Spanish and eventuallyHapsburgs. A third Capetian branch, theHouse of Bourbon would gain control overboth Sicilies during theWar of the Polish Succession in the 1730s and remained in power with an interruptions during theCoalition Wars until theUnification of Italy.
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TheKingdom of Albania, orRegnum Albaniae, was established byCharles of Anjou in theAlbanian territory he acquired from theDespotate of Epirus in the year 1271. He took the title of "King of Albania" in February 1272. The kingdom briefly extended from the region ofDyrrhachium (present-dayDurrës in Albania) south along the coast toButrint. A major attempt to advance further in direction of Constantinople, failed at theSiege of Berat (1280–1281). A Byzantine counteroffensive soon ensued, which drove the Angevins out of the interior by 1282. TheSicilian Vespers further weakened the position of Charles, and the kingdom was soon reduced by the albanians to a small area centered around Durrës. The Angevins held Durrës until 1368, whenKarl Thopia who was the great great grandson ofCharles I of Naples captured the city and rules as "Prince of Albania".
 Louis VIII king of France HOUSE OF CAPET | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Louis IX king of France | .svg) Charles I king of Sicily(-Naples) CAPETIAN HOUSE OF ANJOU | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Charles II king of Naples | Philip king of Sardinia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Charles Martel titular king of Hungary BRANCH OF HUNGARY | Saint Louis bishop of Toulouse | Robert king of Naples BRANCH OF NAPLES |  Philip I prince of Taranto BRANCH OF TARANTO | Raymond Berengar count of Andria | PeterTempesta count of Emboli |  John duke of Durazzo BRANCH OF DURRAZO | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charles I king of Hungary | (illeg.)Charles chamberlain |  Charles duke of Calabria (ie heir of Naples) |  Charles heir of Taranto | Philip despot of Romania |  Robert prince of Taranto | Louis prince of Taranto | Philip II prince of Taranto | Charles duke of Durazzo | Louis count of Gravina | Robert lord of Cappacio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Louis I king of Hungary, Poland | Andrew duke of Calabria |  Stephen duke of Slavonia | Joanna I queen of Naples |  Charles III king of Naples (1382-86), Hungary (1385-1386) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
John duke of Slavonia | Joanna II queen of Naples (1414-35), tit. of Hungary | Ladislaus king of Naples (1386-1414), tit. of Hungary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Title | Held | Designation and details |
|---|---|---|
| Count of Anjou | 1246–1299 | Awarded to Charles I by his brother. Remained under direct control of the Capetian House of Anjou until passing to another Capetian branch theHouse of Valois by marriage. |
| Count of Maine | 1246–1309 | Awarded to Charles I by his brother. Remained under direct control of the Capetian House of Anjou until passing to another Capetian branch theHouse of Valois-Anjou by creation ofJohn II of France. |
| Count of Provence | 1246–1382 | Inherited by marriage between Charles I andBeatrice of Provence who held the county. IssuelessJoanna I of Naples left the county toLouis I of Anjou of the House of Valois-Anjou. |
| King of Sicily | 1266–1282 | Won the kingdom through conquest. |
| Portrait | Name | From | Until | Relationship with predecessor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Charles I of Sicily | 6 January 1266 | 4 September 1282 | no direct relation toManfred of Sicily, won the kingdom throughright of conquest. |
| Portrait | Name | Branch | From | Until | Relationship with predecessor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charles I of Naples | Anjou-Sicily | 4 September 1282 | 7 January 1285 | the southern half of the Italian Peninsula was part of the Kingdom of Sicily before theSicilian Vespers forced Charles out of the island. |
 | Charles II of Naples (Charles the Lame) | 7 January 1285 | 5 May 1309 | son of Charles I of Naples. | |
.jpg) | Robert of Naples (Robert the Wise) | Anjou-Naples | 5 May 1309 | 20 January 1343 | son of Charles II of Naples. |
.jpg) | Joanna I of Naples | 20 January 1343 | 12 May 1382 | granddaughter of Robert of Naples. Daughter ofCharles, Duke of Calabria | |
.jpg) | Charles III of Naples (Charles the Short) | Anjou-Durazzo | 12 May 1382 | 24 February 1386 | second cousin of Joanna I of Naples, whom he had murdered. Son ofLouis of Durazzo. |
.jpg) | Ladislaus of Naples | 24 February 1386 | 6 August 1414 | son of Charles III of Naples. | |
 | Joanna II of Naples | 6 August 1414 | 2 February 1435 | sister of Ladislaus of Naples, daughter of Charles III of Naples. |
| Portrait | Name | Branch | From | Until | Relationship with predecessor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | Charles Robert I of Hungary | Anjou-Hungary | Spring 1301 | 16 July 1342 | great-grandnephew (first-cousin thrice removed) ofAndrew III of Hungary, the lastÁrpád agnate. |
.jpg) | Louis I of Hungary (Louis the Great) | 16 July 1342 | 10 September 1382 | son of Charles I of Hungary. | |
.jpg) | Mary of Hungary | 10 September 1382 | December 1385 | daughter of Louis I of Hungary. | |
.jpg) | Charles II of Hungary (Charles the Short of Naples) | Anjou-Durazzo | December 1385 | 24 February 1386 | second-cousin once removed of Mary of Hungary; great-grandson ofCharles II of Naples. Usurped the throne from her. |
| Mary of Hungary (restored) | Anjou-Hungary | 24 February 1386 | 17 May 1395 | second-cousin once removed of Charles II of Hungary; great-great-granddaughter of Charles II of Naples. |
| Portrait | Name | Branch | From | Until | Relationship with predecessor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
_(cropped).jpg) | Louis of Poland (Louis the Great of Hungary) | Anjou-Hungary | 17 November 1370 | 10 September 1382 | nephew ofCasimir III of Poland, the lastPiast agnate. |
.jpg) | Jadwiga of Poland | 16 October 1384 | 17 July 1399 | daughter of Louis of Poland. |
As a younger (youngest) son ofLouis VIII the Lion of France, Charles was assigned the arms based on thecoat of arms of France of theCapetian dynasty differenced, like his brothers, with the gold castle ofCastile on red/gules based on his mother,Blanche of Castile'sarms. Charles was invested in August 1246 by his brotherLouis IX of France asCount of Anjou andMaine. Also, in 1246 Charles married an heiress of theCounty of Provence,Beatrice of Provence. She was a member of theHouse of Barcelona; this meant Charles becameCount of Provence in right of his wife.
The arms that Charles had were changed sometime on or after 1246 to the ones below, the arms of his paternalFrance, thefleur-de-lys with a simple red label. The label is most commonly depicted with 3 tabs, but can be seen with 4 or 5 tabs. He was not the first to use these arms. His unclePhilippe le Hurepel,count of Clermont used them until his death in 1234. Charles was invested by the Pope asKing of Sicily in June 1265, and crowned by 5 cardinals on 5 January 1266 in opposition to theHohenstaufen king,Manfred of Sicily. The newer arms can be seen in the contemporary illustration of Charles battling Manfred for control of theKingdom of Sicily at theBattle of Benevento on 26 February 1266, where he carries his newer arms on his shield, the shields of his soldiers, and his pennant. Manfred's troops carry the while eagle alluding to the imperial Hohenstaufens.
When Charles became King, he started minting coinage with his arms on it. An example is shown below. Charles also felt that he inherited the Hohenstaufen claim to theKingdom of Jerusalem, symbolized by Charles impaling thearms of Jerusalem with his own. This was shown in several different versions:
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Charles' son and successorCharles II of Naples married the heiress of Hungary. Their son Charles Martel quarteredFrance ancien with thearms of the Hungarian RoyalÁrpád dynasty to symbolize their claim. Charles Martel's son Charles Robert became Hungarian King and impaled the Angevin arms with Hungary. His son, Louis I the Great carried this through to his arms when he ruled Poland.
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As seen above, when Louis I of Hungary died without male heirs,Charles III of Naples, considered himself the heir to the Hungarian throne as the senior Angevin male and male descendant of the Arpads. He added the arms of Hungary to Jerusalem and Anjou, coming up with the tripartite arms. He had some success, but as seen above he was assassinated and his son,Ladislaus of Naples never became King of Hungary.
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These arms were inherited by theHouse of Valois-Anjou when Johanna I adoptedLouis of France, Duke of Anjou, great-great-grandson of Charles II through female line, as her heir.
The house also had some cadet lines that never became king:
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