 AnAthena II at LC-46 prior to the launch ofLunar Prospector. | |||||||||||||
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| Launch site | Cape Canaveral Space Force Station | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | 28°27′30″N80°31′42″W / 28.45833°N 80.52833°W /28.45833; -80.52833 | ||||||||||||
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (EST) | ||||||||||||
• Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 (EDT) | ||||||||||||
| Short name | SLC-46 | ||||||||||||
| Operator | United States Space Force (owner) Space Florida (tenant) Astra Space (subtenant) | ||||||||||||
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TheSpace Launch Complex 46 (SLC-46), previouslyLaunch Complex 46 (LC-46), is a launch complex atCape Canaveral Space Force Station operated under license bySpace Florida previously used forAthena rocket launches. It has been used byAstra Space for theRocket 3 system and is currently used as a multipurpose launch pad.[1]
This complex was built as part of theUnited States Navy'sTrident II submarine-launch missile development effort. Construction was underway by early February 1984, with the first Trident II launch LC-46 occurring on 15 January 1987. A total of 19 Trident IIs were launched from the site between 15 January 1987 and 27 January 1989. After this, all subsequent Trident II testing took place at sea, and the site was deactivated.[2]
During the construction of then-called LC-46, the nearbysounding rocket complexLC-43 was demolished. Its operations were transferred toLC-47.
In 1997, Space Florida began operations at the site, and was opened for commercial space operations.Lockheed Martin launched anAthena II and anAthena I from the pad in 1998 and 1999 respectively. The Athena II, launched January 7, 1998, carried theLunar Prospector spacecraft which orbited theMoon. On January 27, 1999, the Athena I lifted off with Taiwan's first satellite,ROCSAT-1, carrying experimental communications, ocean imagery, and ionospheric studies instruments.
In March 2010, the USAF45th Space Wing issued Real Property Licenses to Space Florida for Launch Complexes 36 and 46 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.[3][4] On July 1, 2010, theFederal Aviation Administration approved a Launch Site Operator's License for commercial launches at Launch Complex 46.[5]
On September 24, 2010, the Economic Development Commission of Florida's Space Coast was awarded a $500,000 Defense Infrastructure Grant from the State of Florida to be used for critical communications upgrades at SLC-46.[6] In early 2014, Space Florida contracted withAlliant Techsystems (ATK) to begin phase three of the communications infrastructure refurbishment, with completion expected to take one year.[7]
In July 2015, the U.S. Air Force andOrbital ATK announced aMinotaur IV launched from SLC-46 would be used for theORS-5 mission in 2017.[8][9] ORS-5 was successfully launched on August 26, 2017.[10]
On July 2, 2019,NASA launched a repurposedPeacekeeper missile from SLC-46, carrying theOrion spacecraft for the Ascent Abort-2 mission.[11] The mission's goal was to demonstrate and qualify theOrionLaunch Abort System (LAS) that will allow the astronaut crew to safely escape in the event of an emergency during launch pad operations, through the ascent phase of the Orion vehicle.
On December 6, 2021,Astra announced plans to launch its small orbital rockets from SLC-46 as soon as February 2022.[12] The company was planning for a launch cadence of once a month for two years.[13]
On 10 February 2022, the first Astra launch from SLC-46 resulted in failure. After two previous scrubbed launch attempts in the preceding days, the launch of the rocket occurred nominally. However, first stage separation failed, leading to the second stage to spin out of control, and the rocket and payload were lost.[14]
On 12 June 2022, the second Astra launch from SLC-46 also resulted in failure. Astra'sRocket 3.3 vehicle (serial number LV0010) carrying twoTROPICS CubeSats forNASA failed to reach orbit and the satellites were lost.[15]
In March 2023,ABL Space Systems announced that they would be using SLC-46 as a temporary launching site for theirRS1.[16] That month, they were leasedLaunch Complex 15 by theUnited States Space Force, and clarified that this measure was taken while LC-15 undergoes reactivation.[17] ABL stated their first launch from Pad 46 would happen later in the year. However, no launch has yet occurred and future outlooks remain in question following ABL's shift from commercial launches to military applications in October 2024.[18]
On December 12, 2024, theUnited States Army andUnited States Navy launched and tested theirDark Eagle Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon from SLC-46 in a joint exercise.[19][20] A second test was conducted the next year, on April 25.[21]
All launches operated by theUnited States Navy.
| No. | Date | Time (UTC) | Launch vehicle | Mission | Result | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 January 1987 | 15:25 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | Maiden flight of the Trident II and first launch from LC-46. |
| 2 | 17 March 1987 | 17:25 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 3 | 30 April 1987 | 20:44 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 4 | 12 June 1987 | 22:45 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 5 | 20 July 1987 | 20:45 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 6 | 8 September 1987 | 22:01 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 7 | 6 October 1987 | 17:02 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 8 | 11 December 1987 | 13:26 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 9 | 21 January 1988 | 10:08 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Failure | |
| 10 | 7 April 1988 | 04:59 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 11 | 28 April 1988 | 04:52 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 12 | 26 May 1988 | 02:07 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 13 | 7 July 1988 | 22:38 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Failure | |
| 14 | 27 August 1988 | 20:04 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 15 | 19 September 1988 | 17:44 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Failure | |
| 16 | 7 November 1988 | 16:30 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 17 | 16 December 1988 | 12:49 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 18 | 9 January 1989 | 10:52 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | |
| 19 | 26 January 1989 | 09:07 | UGM-133 Trident II | Suborbital test | Success | Final Trident II launch from LC-46, prior to relocation of tests toOhio-class submarines. |
All launches before 2006 overseen by theUnited States Air Force. All launches since then overseen bySpace Florida.
| No. | Date | Time (UTC) | Launch vehicle | Operator | Mission/payload | Result | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 7 January 1998 | 02:28 | Athena II | Lockheed Martin | Lunar Prospector | Success | Part of theDiscovery Program, designed to surveycomposition,magnetic fields, andgravity fields of theMoon. First mission from Cape Canaveral to enterlunar orbit sinceExplorer 49 in 1973. FirstAthena launch from Cape Canaveral, and first civilian and orbital launch from SLC-46. |
| 21 | 27 January 1999 | 00:34 | Athena I | Lockheed Martin | Formosat-1 | Success | Final Athena flight from Cape Canaveral. |
| 22 | 26 August 2017 | 06:04 | Mintoaur IV | Orbital ATK | ORS-5 | Success | First flight of theMinotaur family from Cape Canaveral. |
| 23 | 2 July 2019 | 11:00 | Orion Abort Test Booster | NASA | Ascent Abort-2 | Success | Launch escape system test using aboilerplateOrion capsule, using a modifiedLGM-118 Peacekeeper first stage as a booster. First flight of theArtemis Program following its official proclamation in 2017. |
| 24 | 10 February 2022 | 20:00 | Rocket 3.3 | Astra Space | ELaNa 41 | Failure | First Astra Rocket launch from Cape Canaveral.Payload fairings failed to separate, resulting in second stage igniting while encapsulated and vehicle being lost. |
| 25 | 12 June 2022 | 17:43 | Rocket 3.3 | Astra Space | TROPICS | Failure | Warmer weather at Cape Canaveral compared to other launch site atKodiak led to faster fuel consumption than expected, resulting in failure to reach orbit. Final flight of the Rocket 3. |
| 26 | 12 December 2024 | Unknown | Dark Eagle | United States Army andUnited States Navy | Missile test | Success | |
| 27 | 25 April 2025 | Unknown | Dark Eagle | United States Army andUnited States Navy | Missile test | Success |
