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Cantonese Braille

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Braille script used to write Cantonese
Cantonese Braille
Script type
LanguagesCantonese
Related scripts
Parent systems
Braille
  • Cantonese Braille
This article is part ofthe series on the
Cantonese language
Yue Chinese
Grammar
Phonology
Braille map at Central Pier 3,Hong Kong, with English and Cantonese Braille text.

Cantonese Braille (Chinese:粵語點字) is abraille script used to writeCantonese inHong Kong andMacau. It is locally referred to astim chi (點字,dim2zi6) 'dot characters' or more commonly but ambiguouslytuk chi (凸字,dat6zi6) 'raised characters'. Although Cantonese is written inChinese characters, Cantonese Braille is purely phonetic, with punctuation, digits andLatin letters from the original Braille. It can be mixed withEnglish text.

Charts

[edit]

Each syllable is divided into three parts: the initial consonant, the rime (vowel and any final consonant), and the tone. For example, 盤,pun4 is written, with initialp, finalun and tone4.[1] (SeeCantonese phonology.) Among initials, aspirated consonants (p t ts k kw = p' t' ts' k' kw') are derived by adding dots to the unaspirated consonants (b d dz g gw = p t ts k kw):

Initials
Braille⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
Pinyinbpmf
Braille⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
Pinyindtnl
Braille⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
Pinyingkngh
Braille⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
Pinyingwkww
Braille⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
Pinyindztssj
  • M andng may also be used as rimes (syllabic nasals), in which case they are followed directly by the tone.
  • Wheni oru (but noty) begins a syllable, a dummy consonantj orw is prefixed.[citation needed]
Rimes
Braille⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)⠘ (braille pattern dots-45)⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
Pinyinaaaaiaauaamaanaangaapaataak
Braille⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
Pinyinaiauamanangapatak
Braille⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)(NA)(NA)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)(NA)⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
Pinyineeieuemengepek
Braille⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
Pinyinsz†iiuiminingipitik
Braille⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)
Pinyinooiouom†onongop†otok
Braille⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
Pinyinuuiunungutuk
Braille⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)
Pinyinoeoeyoenoengoetoek
Braille⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)
Pinyinyynyt

† represents the symbol was abolished in the revised version in 1990.

The rimeseu, em, ep do not exist in braille.

High tone (tones 1 and 7) is not transcribed. Otherwise tone is written after the rime, as follows:

Tones
Braille⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
Pinyin2345689

In numerical order, the cells are as follows:

0 main sequence suppl.
 

 
 

t2
 

a
 

dz-aang
 

(NA)
 

e
 

f-ot
 

ng-ang
 

h-ei
 

i
 

j-oey
 

t3
 

aan
 

t4/9
 

g-aak
 

l-  
 

m-m
 

n-on
 

o
 

b-aap
 

gw-uk
 

k-ik
 

s-oen
 

d-aat
 

aau
 

aam
 

(NA)
 

u
 

ou
 

ts-oet
 

iu
 

ut
 

p-ip
 

(NA)
 

yt
 

un
 

t-it
 

aai
 

(NA)
 

t5
 

au
 

oi
 

ai
 

y
 

oe
 

an
 

kw-ok
 

ui
 

oek
 

w-ek
 

ak
 

am
 

t6
 

yn
 

oeng
 

in
 

ap
 

im
 

eng
 

ung
 

at
 

ing
 

t8
 

ong

Punctuation

[edit]

Some of the punctuation marks are distinguished from the onset or rime of a syllable by the strategic use of the space. The spaces are therefore included in the table below, though they are not technically part of the punctuation mark.

Braille⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠀ (braille pattern blank)
Print?!:;-
Braille⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠀ (braille pattern blank)
Print·()[]
Braille⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)⠘ (braille pattern dots-45)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠀ (braille pattern blank)⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)⠀ (braille pattern blank)
Print,start emph.end emph.start nameend name

The emphasis marks, are equivalent to running dots alongside the characters in print, while proper names are marked in print by an underline or overline.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Jennie Lam Suk Yin, 2003,Confusion of tones in visually-impaired children using Cantonese braille(Archived by WebCite® at


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