TheCanterbury cap is a square clothhat with sharp corners. It originated in theMiddle Ages, and is commonly found in theAnglican Communion, as well as in theCatholic Church where it is used by AnglicanOrdinariate clergy. It is also soft and foldable, "Constructed to fold flat when not in use ..."[1] The Canterbury cap is the medievalbiretta, descended from the ancientpileus headcovering. It is sometimes called the "catercap".[citation needed]
In Anglican churches,clergy are entitled to wear the cap, which is worn for processions and when seated to listen to Scripture or to give a homily, but not when at the Holy Table. It forms part of the "canonical" outdoor clerical dress, along withcassock, gown, andtippet.[2] The cap is made of black velvet for bishops and doctors, otherwise of black wool.[3]
In 1899,Percy Dearmer wrote inThe Parson's Handbook:
The Cap, or 'square cap,' may have had its origin in thealmuce. For the almuce was originally used to cover the head, and when it ceased to fulfil that function the cap seems to have been introduced. It has gone through several modifications: once of the comely shape that we see in the portraits of Bishop Fox and others, it developed in the seventeenth century into the form sometimes called the Canterbury cap (of limp material, with a tuft on the top), and then into the still beautiful college-cap in England, and abroad into the positively ugly biretta. There is no conceivable reason for English churchmen to discard their own shape in favour of a foreign one, except that the biretta offends an immense number of excellent lay folk, and thus makes the recovery of the Church more difficult.[4]
A similar cap called the Oxford soft cap is worn today as part ofacademic dress by some womenundergraduates at theUniversity of Oxford instead of themortarboard. It has a flap at the back which is held up with buttons unlike the Canterbury cap.
TheTudor bonnet is also a similar academic cap worn by a person who holds adoctorate.
The Canterbury cap differs from the present-daybiretta, as a Canterbury cap has four ridges, compared to the biretta's three. In addition, the biretta is (sometimes) rigid, or rigid but folding, while the Canterbury cap is always soft and easily folds when not in use.[1][failed verification] In theCatholic Church, its use is identical to that of the modern biretta, into which, on the continent, the cap evolved into throughout the centuries.
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