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The archaeological remains in the city and in the neighbourhood testify the presence of a settlement before theRoman age. The name of Canicattì is ofArabic origin, fromخندق الطينKhandaq al-ṭīn, meaning 'clay ditch'.[4] During the conquest of Sicily by theNormans, the local Muslim lord was besieged and defeated by baronSalvatore Palmieri (1087), a follower ofRoger I of Sicily: the latter, as reward, offered him a sword and the lordship over the fief. Under the Palmieri rule the Arab fortress was enlarged, becoming a true castle with a tower.
The Normans were followed by theHohenstaufen and the FrenchAngevines, in turn ousted by theHouse of Barcelona. In 1448 the fief of Canicattì was ceded by Antonio Palmieri, who was heirless, to his nephew Andrea De Crescenzio, who obtained by kingJohn II of Aragon theLicentia populandi, i.e. the permission to enlarge the fief's boundaries, increase its population and administer justice. Under Andrea De Crescenzio Canicattì was a rural community including some 1000/1500 inhabitants, living in the upper part of the town. Andrea De Crescenzio was succeeded by his son Giovanni, who, having no sons, left the barony to his father-in-law Francesco Calogero Bonanno, in 1507.
Under the Bonannos the town experienced a considerable demographic growth, and several large edifices and fountains were erected. The Bonanno seigniory started to decline from the later 18th century. In 1819 the last Bonanno left Canicattì to baron Gabriele Chiaramonte Bordonaro. After the riots of 1848 and 1859/1861, and theunification of Italy, banks, mills and plants were built in the town, increasing its trades. For the whole 20th century the economy remained based on agriculture (mostly grapes), trades and services. In 1943, it was the seat of theCanicattì massacre, in whichAmerican troops killed several Italian civilians who were looting a factory and refusing to disperse despite warnings.
The municipality, located in the eastern area of the province, at the borders with theone of Caltanissetta, borders withCaltanissetta (CL),Castrofilippo,Delia (CL),Montedoro (CL),Naro,Racalmuto andSerradifalco (CL).[5] The old town of Canicattì is divided into the wards of Borgalino and Badia. Other wards are Acquanova, Rovitelli, and other minor wards named after the local parish churches.
Canicattì is 21 km fromFavara, 29 km from Caltanissetta, 34 km fromAgrigento, 38 km fromLicata, 61 km fromEnna and 68 km fromGela.
Canicattì railway station is an important hub for local rail transport and, until 2011, it was served by express trains linking Agrigento withRome,Milan andTurin.[6][7]
^Michele Amari's proposed etymology fromعين القطّاعʻAyn al-qaṭṭāʻ ("Spring of the [stone]-cutter") has been abandoned. See Ignazio Scaturro,Storia della città di Sciacca (1924), p. 195.
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