Canal Street  ​​
R211AA train arriving at the northbound platform
Station statistics
Address	Canal Street & Sixth Avenue New York, New York
Borough	Manhattan
Locale	Tribeca,SoHo,Hudson Square
Coordinates	40°43′19″N74°00′19″W / 40.72186°N 74.005365°W /40.72186; -74.005365
Division	B (IND)[1]
Line	IND Eighth Avenue Line
Services	A  (all times) ​  C  (all except late nights) ​  E  (all times)
Transit	NYCT Bus:M55,X27,X28 MTA Bus:BxM18
Structure	Underground
Platforms	2island platforms cross-platform interchange
Tracks	4
Other information
Opened	September 10, 1932; 93 years ago (1932-09-10)[2]
Accessibility	Cross-platform wheelchair transfer available
Former/other names	Canal Street–Holland Tunnel
Traffic
2024	4,133,553[3]  4.6%
Rank	71 out of 423[3]
Services Preceding station New York City Subway Following station West Fourth Street–Washington Square A  towardInwood–207th Street Express Chambers Street A  ​C  viaHoyt–Schermerhorn Streets Spring Street A  ​C  ​E  via50th Street Local World Trade Center E  Terminus
Location Show map of New York City Subway Show map of New York City Show map of New York
Track layout Legend toWest Fourth Street toSpring Street toWorld Trade Center toChambers Street
Street map
Station service legend Symbol Description Stops all times except late nights Stops all times Stops late nights only

TheCanal Street station (formerlyCanal Street–Holland Tunnel) is an expressstation on theIND Eighth Avenue Line of theNew York City Subway. Located at the intersection ofCanal Street, Vestry Street, andSixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas) inLower Manhattan, it is served by theA andE trains at all times, and theC train at all times except late nights. There is also aNew York City Police Department (NYPD) transit precinct at the station.^[4]

New York City mayorJohn Francis Hylan's original plans for theIndependent Subway System (IND), proposed in 1922, included building over 100 miles (160 km) of new lines and taking over nearly 100 miles (160 km) of existing lines. The lines were designed to compete with the existing underground, surface, and elevated lines operated by theInterborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) andBrooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT).^[5][6] On December 9, 1924, theNew York City Board of Transportation (BOT) gave preliminary approval to the construction of a subway line along Eighth Avenue, running from 207th Street.^[7] The BOT announced a list of stations on the new line in February 1928, with an express station at Walker Street.^[8]

Most of the Eighth Avenue Line was dug using a cheapcut-and-cover method.^[9][10] The Canal Street station was to be one of three Eighth Avenue Line stations underneath Sixth Avenue in Lower Manhattan; the other two stations were to be atSpring Street andWest Fourth Street.^[8] As part of the construction of the Eighth Avenue Line in Lower Manhattan, Sixth Avenue was extended south toChurch Street starting in 1926.^[11] This required the demolition of dozens of buildings along the route.^[12] By August 1930, the BOT reported that the Eighth Avenue Line was nearly completed, except for the stations betweenChambers Street–Hudson Terminal and West Fourth Street (including the Canal Street station), which were only 21 percent completed.^[13] The entire line was completed by September 1931, except for the installation of turnstiles.^[14]

A preview event for the new subway was hosted on September 8, 1932, two days before the official opening.^[15][16] The Eighth Avenue Line station opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the city-operated IND's initial segment, the Eighth Avenue Line betweenChambers Street and207th Street.^[2][17][18] When the station opened in 1932, express (A) and local (AA) trains served the line; expresses did not run during late nights or Sundays. When theIND Concourse Line opened on July 1, 1933,^[19] theC express train started operating, while all locals becameCC trains to the Concourse Line.^[20] TheE began using the local tracks on August 19, 1933, when theIND Queens Boulevard Line opened.^[21] One real-estate expert said the station's construction had encouraged the construction of large developments around the entrance to theHolland Tunnel, such as theHolland Tunnel Plaza Building.^[22]

As part of a pilot program, theNew York City Board of Transportation (BOT) installed three-dimensional advertisements at the Canal Street station in late 1948.^[23][24] The BOT announced plans in November 1949 to spend $325,000 extending platforms at several IND stations, including Canal Street, to accommodate 11-car, 660-foot (200 m) trains.^[25][26] The lengthened trains began running during rush hour on September 8, 1953, with eleven-car trains operating on weekdays.^{[27]: 37–38} The project cost $400,000 and increased the total carrying capacity of rush-hour trains by 4,000 passengers.^[28] The operation of eleven-car trains ended in 1958 because of operational difficulties. The signal blocks, especially in Manhattan, were too short to accommodate the longer trains, and the motormen had a very small margin of error to properly align the train with the platform. It was found that operating ten-car trains allowed for two additional trains per hour to be scheduled.^[29]

On February 17, 1953, the BOT installed two devices at either end of the station to alert police of passers-by above of emergencies in the station. The devices, which cost $1,100, were called "Call-a-Cop." In the station agent booth, an agent could set off an alarm bell and turn on a red warning light aboveground at Canal and Walker Streets on Sixth Avenue by lightly pushing on a treadle. The warning lights were placed atop eight-feet tall metal poles located at subway entrances. This device would have been installed at other stations if the pilot at the station was successful.^[30]

Ground	Street level	Exit/entrance
Mezzanine	Mezzanine	Fare control, station agent
Platform level	Northbound local	← towardJamaica Center–Parsons/Archer(Spring Street)
	Island platform
	Northbound express	← towardInwood–207th Street(Spring Street late nights,West Fourth Street–Washington Square other times) ← toward168th Street(Spring Street)
	Southbound express	→ towardFar Rockaway–Mott Avenue,Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street, orOzone Park–Lefferts Boulevard(Chambers Street) →
	Island platform
	Southbound local	→ towardEuclid Avenue(Chambers Street) → → towardWorld Trade Center(Terminus) → → towardFar Rockaway–Mott Avenue late nights(Chambers Street) →

The Canal Street station is an underground express station that has four tracks and twoisland platforms, which are each approximately 660 feet (200 m) long. TheA andE stop here at all times, while theC only stops here during the day. The A runs express during the day and local at night, while the C and E always run local. The next stop to the north isSpring Street for local trains andWest Fourth Street–Washington Square for express trains. The next stop to the south isChambers Street for A and C trains via the express tracks andWorld Trade Center for E trains via the local tracks.^[31] At either end of the station is adiamond crossover between each local and express tracks. Northbound C and nighttime A trains cross from the express track to the local track past the north end of the platforms and southbound C and nighttime A trains cross from the local track to the express track past the south end of the platforms. The platforms are offset, and a signal tower is located at the south end of the southbound platform.^[32]

The walls of the station contain cobalt blue tile bands^[33] with darker blue borders.^[34] Since Canal Street is an express station, it has a wider tile band than local stations.^[34] The tile colors are intended to help riders identify their station more easily, part of a color-codedtile system for the entire Independent Subway System.^[33][34] The tile colors were designed to facilitate navigation for travelers going away fromLower Manhattan; on the Eighth Avenue Line, the tiles change color at the next express station to the north. As such, the blue tiles used at the Canal Street station were also used onSpring Street, the local station to the north; the next express station,West Fourth Street, used a different tile color.^[35][36]

The station contains the headquarters of theNew York City Police Department (NYPD)'s Transit District 2.^[37]

South of this station, the tracks split into two levels and cross at aflying junction.^[32] These were intended to allow for the construction of a future junction with aproposed line under Worth Street as part of theIND Second System. The proposed route would have run underWorth Street and East Broadway, and crossed theEast River to Brooklyn. Thebellmouths for this proposed route are visible from the E train headed towards and coming from the World Trade Center station. On the tunnel wall where the turnout is, there is an arrow painted with the words reading: "Worth St." written next to it.^[38]

The station contains six open exits. Only one exit is located at the station's namesake –Canal Street – at the northeast corner ofSixth Avenue and Canal Street. The other exit leading from the northern section of the station leads to the south side of Laight Street, between Sixth Avenue and St. Johns Lane. At the center of the station, there are exits to the northwest and northeast corners of Sixth Avenue andWest Broadway at Lispenard Street. At the southern end of the station, there are two exits. One exit leads to the northeast corner of Walker Street and Sixth Avenue, while the other leads to theAT&T Building.^[39][40][41]

The station also has three closed exits. One exit, located at the southern end of the station, led to the southeast corner of Walker Street and West Broadway.^[41][42] The other two are located in a passageway that extends further north than the current northernmost open exit; one led to the southeast corner ofGrand Street and Sixth Avenue; the other led to Grand Street and Sullivan Street on the west side of Juan Pablo Duarte Square.^[41][43] The passageway currently houses employee facilities.

The station is located onthe street of the same name, which is the boundary ofSoHo andTribeca. The station sits one block west from the entrance to theHolland Tunnel outside of the Tribeca North Historic District.^[44] Much of the surrounding area is characterized by its historicloft architecture.^[44]

Several public parks are located near the station. Above the north end of the station at Canal Street and 6th Avenue areAlbert Capsouto Park,Duarte Square, and Grand Canal Court. At the south end of the station at Walker Street is Tribeca Park. Several blocks to the west at the end of Canal Street are Canal Park andHudson River Park.^[45]St. John's Park formerly existed two blocks west of the station; the site is now occupied by Holland Tunnel exit ramps.^[44]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toCanal Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line).

• nycsubway.org –IND 8th Avenue: Canal Street–Holland Tunnel
• nycsubway.org —A Gathering Artwork by Martin & Munoz (unknown date)
• MTA's Arts For Transit —Canal Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)
• Canal Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
• Laight Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
• West Broadway entrance from Google Maps Street View
• Beach Street — Walker Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
• Platforms from Google Maps Street View

• IND Eighth Avenue Line stations
• Sixth Avenue
• New York City Subway stations in Manhattan
• Railway stations in the United States opened in 1932
• 1932 establishments in New York City
• Tribeca
• SoHo, Manhattan

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