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List of Canadian provincial and territorial name etymologies

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This article lists theetymologies of thenames of theprovinces and territories of Canada.[1]

Provinces and territories

[edit]
NameLanguage of originWord(s) in original languageMeaning and notes
Alberta
Latin (ultimately fromProto-Germanic)FeminineLatinized form ofAlbert, ultimately from the Proto-Germanic*Aþalaberhtaz (compound of "noble" + "bright/famous"), afterPrincess Louisa Caroline Alberta[2][3]
British Columbia
LatinReferring to the British sector of theColumbia District, after theColumbia River, ultimately after theColumbia Rediviva, a reference toChristopher Columbus[4][5]
Manitoba
Cree,Ojibwe. orAssiniboinemanitou-wapow,manidoobaa, orminnetoba"Straits ofManitou, the Great Spirit" or "Lake of the Prairie", afterLake Manitoba[6][7]
New Brunswick
German (ultimately fromLow German)BrunswiekCombination ofBruno andwik, referring to a place where merchants rested and stored their goods[8]
Newfoundland and Labrador
PortugueseTerra Nova andLavrador"New land", and the surname ofJoão Fernandes Lavrador, meaning "farmer" or "plower"[9]
Northwest Territories
EnglishReferring to the territory's position relative toRupert's Land
Nova Scotia
Latin"New Scotland", referring to the countryScotland, derived from the LatinScoti, the term applied toGaels[10][11]
Nunavut
InuktitutNunavut means "Our land" in theInuit language[12]
Ontario
Iroquoian,WyandotOntarí꞉io orSkanadario"Great lake" or "beautiful water", afterLake Ontario[13][14]
Prince Edward Island
English (ultimately fromOld English)AfterPrince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, ultimately from the Anglo-Saxonead "wealth, fortune; prosperous" andweard "guardian, protector"[15]
Quebec
Algonquin,Mi'kmaq,Ojibwekébec"Where the river narrows", referring to the narrowing of theSaint Lawrence River atQuebec City[16]
Saskatchewan
Creekisiskāciwani-sīpiy"Swift-flowing river", after theSaskatchewan River[17]
Yukon
Gwichʼinchųų gąįį han"White water river", after theYukon River[18][19]

Historical regions

[edit]
  • Acadia (French:Acadie): origin disputed:
    1. Credited toFlorentinenavigatorGiovanni da Verrazzano, who first named a region around Chesapeake BayArchadia (Arcadia) in 1524 because of "the beauty of its trees", according to his diary. Cartographers began using the nameArcadia to refer to areas progressively farther north until it referred to the French holdings in maritime Canada (particularlyNova Scotia). The-r- also began to disappear from the name on early maps, resulting in the currentAcadia.[20]
    2. Possibly derived from theMíkmaq wordakatik, pronounced roughly "agadik", meaning "place", which French-speakers spelled as-cadie in place names such asShubenacadie andTracadie, possibly coincidentally.[21]
  • District of Keewatin:Algonquian roots—eitherkīwēhtin (ᑮᐍᐦᑎᐣ) inCree orgiiwedin (ᑮᐌᑎᓐ) inOjibwe—both of which mean 'north wind' in their respective languages.[22]
  • Nunatsiavut:Inuktitut, meaning "our beautiful land".[23]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Provinces and Territories - The origins of their names". Geonames.nrcan.gc.ca. 2007-09-18. Archived fromthe original on 2008-06-04. Retrieved2011-11-23.
  2. ^Campbell, Mike."Meaning, origin and history of the name Albert".Behind the Name.
  3. ^"Alberta | Origin and meaning of the name Alberta by Online Etymology Dictionary".etymonline.com.
  4. ^Akrigg, Helen B.; G.P.V. (1977).British Columbia Chronicle, 1847–1871: Gold & Colonists (illustrated ed.). Discovery Press.ISBN 9780919624030.
  5. ^"Why is the Western Region of Canada Called British Columbia?". RetrievedMay 17, 2017.
  6. ^"Manitoba". Natural Resources Canada. Archived fromthe original on 4 June 2008. Retrieved28 October 2009.
  7. ^Howard, Joseph Kinsey (1994).Strange Empire, a Narrative of the Northwest. Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 192.ISBN 978-0873512985.
  8. ^Moderhack, Richard (1997).Braunschweiger Stadtgeschichte (in German). Braunschweig: Wagner. pp. 14–15 and 21.ISBN 3-87884-050-0.
  9. ^Hamilton, William B. (1978):The Macmillan book of Canadian place names, Macmillan of Canada, Toronto, p. 105.
  10. ^Scottish SettlementArchived 7 December 2013 at theWayback Machine. Novascotia.com. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  11. ^P. Freeman,Ireland and the Classical World, Austin, 2001, pp.93.
  12. ^"Origin of the names of Canada and its provinces and territories".Natural Resources Canada. September 18, 2007. RetrievedDecember 24, 2017.
  13. ^Marianne Mithun (June 7, 2001).The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press. p. 312.ISBN 978-0-521-29875-9.
  14. ^"About Canada // Ontario".Study Canada. pp. Last Paragraph–second–last sentence.Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. RetrievedApril 23, 2011.The name "Ontario" is generally thought to be derived from the Iroquois word Skanadario, meaning "beautiful water"
  15. ^Tidridge, Nathan. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent: Father of the Canadian Crown. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2013.
  16. ^Afable, Patricia O. and Madison S. Beeler (1996). "Place Names". In "Languages", ed. Ives Goddard. Vol. 17 ofHandbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, p. 191.
  17. ^"Government of Canada". Geonames.nrcan.gc.ca. September 18, 2007. Archived fromthe original on June 4, 2008. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2011.
  18. ^"Dear Sir, I have great pleasure in informing you that I have at length after much trouble and difficulties, succeed[ed] in reaching the 'Youcon', or white water River, so named by the (Gwich'in) natives from the pale colour of its water. …, I have the honour to Remain Your obt Servt,John Bell"Hudson's Bay Company Correspondence toGeorge Simpson from John Bell (August 1, 1845),HBC Archives, D.5/14, fos. 212-215d, also quoted in,Coates, Kenneth S. & Morrison, William R. (1988).Land of the Midnight Sun: A History of the Yukon. Hurtig Publishers. p. 21.ISBN 0-88830-331-9. RetrievedOctober 16, 2017.
  19. ^In Gwich'in, adjectives, such aschoo [big] andgąįį [white], follow the nouns that they modify. Thus,white water ischųų gąįį [water white].White water river ischųų gąįį han [water white river].Peter, Katherine (1979).Dinjii Zhuh Ginjik Nagwan Tr'iłtsąįį: Gwich'in Junior Dictionary(PDF). Univ. of Alaska. pp. ii (ą, į, ų are nasalized a, i, u), xii (adjectives follow nouns), 19 (nitsii orchoo [big]), 88 (ocean =chųų choo [water big]), 105 (han [river]), 142 (chųų [water]), 144 (gąįį [white]). RetrievedOctober 16, 2017.
  20. ^Acadia: Origin of the Word by Bill Casselman
  21. ^Provinces and Territories - The origins of their namesArchived 2008-06-04 at theWayback Machine
  22. ^"Who Named the North-Land?". Manitoba Free Press. August 19, 1876. p. 3.
  23. ^Nunatsiavut Government|Nunatsiavut.comArchived 2010-02-11 at theWayback Machine

Further reading

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Provinces
Territories
Historical
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Political
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Place names
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Indigenous origin
By language of origin
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