Campos dos Goytacazes | |
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| Municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes | |
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 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Nickname: "The Capital of Oil and Sugar" | |
| Motto: Ipsae matronae hic pro jure pugnant (Latin for: "Even women here fight for the right") | |
 Location in the state of Rio de Janeiro | |
  Campos dos Goytacazes | |
| Coordinates:21°45′14″S41°19′26″W / 21.75389°S 41.32389°W /-21.75389; -41.32389 | |
| Country |  Brazil |
| Region | Southeast |
| State |  Rio de Janeiro |
| City status | March 28, 1835 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Wladimir Garotinho (UNIÃO) |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,032 km2 (1,557 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 14 m (46 ft) |
| Population (2022[1]) | |
• Total | 483,540 |
| • Density | 119.9/km2 (310.6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |
| Postal Code | 28000-000 |
| Area code | +55 22 |
| HDI (2010) | 0.716 –high[2] |
| Website | www |
21°45′14″S41°19′26″W / 21.75389°S 41.32389°W /-21.75389; -41.32389
Campos dos Goytacazes ([ˈkɐ̃puzduzɡojtaˈkazis]) is a city located in the northern region ofRio de Janeiro State,Brazil, with a population of 483,540 inhabitants. It is the largest city inRio de Janeiro (state) outside of theGreater Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area.
Colonization of the area started in the 16th century, and the village of São Salvador de Campos de Goytacazes was founded on May 29, 1677. On March 28, 1835, the village was promoted to city status.
TheRoman Catholic Diocese of Campos was the see of BishopAntônio de Castro Mayer, nicknamed "The Lion of Campos", who was one of the bishops who opposed theVatican II reforms and who teamed with ArchbishopMarcel Lefebvre of Dakar to consecrate four independent bishops in Écône, Switzerland, in 1988. Nowadays there are in Campos two Roman Catholic jurisdictions: a Diocese, whose Bishop is Monsignor Roberto Gomes Guimarães and thePersonal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney, whose Apostolic Administrator is Monsignor Fernando Areas Rifan.
Campos dos Goytacazes has an area of 4,032 km2 (1,557 sq mi), which makes it the largest municipality in the state by area, and its elevation is 14 m. Its name comes from the geographical characteristic of the region, very flat with fields (campos in Portuguese) and from the Goytacazes Indians, which inhabited the region. Campos, as the city is usually known, is a macro region of the Northern Fluminense, and is a micro region of Campos dos Goytacazes. The city has a tropical climate.
The municipality contains part of the 21,444 hectares (52,990 acres)Desengano State Park, created in 1970.[3]
The city's distance toRio de Janeiro city, which is the capital of the state, is 286 kilometres (178 mi). BR-101 is the access highway of the city of Campos. Regular air services are operated from its airportBartolomeu Lysandro. It is the easternmost municipality in Rio de Janeiro.
According to data provided by theNational Institute of Meteorology (INMET), the lowest recorded temperature in Campos dos Goytacazes was 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) on 6 July 1942 and the highest was 41.6 °C (106.9 °F) on 31 October 2012. The most accumulated precipitation in the same period was 159.3 millimetres (6.27 in) on 23 December 1955. Records equal or superior to 100 mm (3.9 in) include:
| Climate data for Campos dos Goytacazes (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1931–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 40.2 (104.4) | 40.8 (105.4) | 39.4 (102.9) | 39.2 (102.6) | 36.4 (97.5) | 35.2 (95.4) | 36.6 (97.9) | 38.0 (100.4) | 39.0 (102.2) | 41.6 (106.9) | 40.3 (104.5) | 40.8 (105.4) | 41.6 (106.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.3 (90.1) | 33.4 (92.1) | 32.6 (90.7) | 31.0 (87.8) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.5 (81.5) | 27.9 (82.2) | 28.2 (82.8) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.7 (85.5) | 31.6 (88.9) | 30.0 (86.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.5 (81.5) | 26.9 (80.4) | 25.6 (78.1) | 23.3 (73.9) | 22.2 (72.0) | 21.7 (71.1) | 22.1 (71.8) | 23.0 (73.4) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.9 (76.8) | 26.3 (79.3) | 24.6 (76.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.5 (74.3) | 22.1 (71.8) | 19.7 (67.5) | 18.4 (65.1) | 17.9 (64.2) | 18.2 (64.8) | 19.4 (66.9) | 20.8 (69.4) | 21.7 (71.1) | 23.0 (73.4) | 21.0 (69.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) | 15.3 (59.5) | 16.8 (62.2) | 10.7 (51.3) | 10.8 (51.4) | 10.4 (50.7) | 9.5 (49.1) | 10.3 (50.5) | 10.7 (51.3) | 11.5 (52.7) | 13.6 (56.5) | 16.0 (60.8) | 9.5 (49.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 127.7 (5.03) | 64.4 (2.54) | 120.4 (4.74) | 66.6 (2.62) | 62.6 (2.46) | 31.1 (1.22) | 34.9 (1.37) | 29.6 (1.17) | 57.5 (2.26) | 78.7 (3.10) | 159.9 (6.30) | 148.2 (5.83) | 981.6 (38.65) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 8 | 6 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 85 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 77.4 | 74.9 | 77.2 | 77.9 | 77.9 | 78.3 | 78 | 75.4 | 76.8 | 76.8 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 77.3 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 205.1 | 207.2 | 185.1 | 184.6 | 184.3 | 174.2 | 191.7 | 181.4 | 128.5 | 133.4 | 145.1 | 157.6 | 2,078.2 |
| Source:Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (sun and humidity 1981–2010)[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] | |||||||||||||
City'seconomy is based onoil extraction. TheGDP for the city was R$17,283,381. (2016).
Theper capita income for the city was R$35,475. (2016).[13]
Campos dos Goytacazes recorded 233 homicides in 2018 for a murder rate of 46 homicides per 100,000 people for the year. This makes Campos dos Goytacazes the most violent city in the southern half of Brazil.[14][15]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 701,342 | — |
| 1960 | 630,054 | −10.2% |
| 1970 | 609,248 | −3.3% |
| 1980 | 564,329 | −7.4% |
| 1990 | 517,300 | −8.3% |
| 2000 | 436,008 | −15.7% |
| 2010 | 471,737 | +8.2% |
| 2022 | 483,540 | +2.5% |
As of 2010, the population of Campos is 471,737, up from the 436,008 in 2000, but down from the 1990s, 1980s, 1970s, 1960s and 1950s. The city in the 1950s was the second largest of thestate of Rio de Janeiro. The reasons behind these reductions are the "crash" that the economy of the town, based on oil, suffered in 1954, something similar that happened inDetroit with the auto industries. According to the 2010 census ofIBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), whites represent 47.6% of population, brown or mulatos 36.8% and black of African 14.6%. Other races represent 1.0% of the population.[16]
There are at least fourfootball clubs in the city, namelyAmericano,Campos,Goytacaz andRio Branco. The derby between Americano and Goytacaz is known as Goyta-cano.
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| Mesoregion Baixadas |
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| Mesoregion Centro Fluminense |
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| Mesoregion Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro |
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| Mesoregion Noroeste Fluminense |
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| Mesoregion Norte Fluminense |
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| Mesoregion Sul Fluminense |
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