Camp Livingston was aU.S. Armymilitary camp duringWorld War II. It was located on the border betweenRapides andGrant Parishes, nearPineville, 12 mi (19 km) north ofAlexandria, Louisiana.[1][2]
Camp Livingston was open from 1940 to 1945, and was first known asCamp Tioga.[2] It was renamed Camp Livingston in honor of ChancellorRobert R. Livingston, a negotiator of theLouisiana Purchase and the brother ofEdward Livingston, aUS Senator and later the country'sSecretary of State.[2] It was home to many divisions (see List, below) and others during the war. In 1941 there was an aviation squadron of 250 African American men in the Army Air Corps performing service functions.
In fall 1941, prior to United States involvement in World War II, the camp was part of theLouisiana Maneuvers, a 400,000-man training exercise involving two imaginary countries fighting each other. The two armies faced each other across theRed River, over 3,400 square miles (8,800 km2) of land, including part of East Texas.
Camp Livingston was designated as a garrison for infantry divisions. The38th Infantry Division was known as the "Avengers of Bataan" and the86th Infantry Division was the first American unit to cross theDanube River in Germany. Over 500,000 troops trained on the 47,000-acre (190 km2) base during the war. On some old concrete walls in the site, beautiful artwork and graffiti has been discovered and is thought by locals in the area who have personally seen these drawings to have been drawn by Italian, or more likely German POWs - judging by the uniforms depicted in the artwork. They are very well drawn chalk portraits of what appears to be German soldiers - from the appearance of the uniforms portrayed.
An "Infantry Advanced Replacement Training Center" that provided six weeks of infantry training to men from inactivated antiaircraft and tank destroyer units was active at Camp Livingston from 13 November 1944 until 24 March 1945, when it was converted into a standard infantry replacement training center that gave fifteen weeks of basic infantry training to newly inducted men. After theend of World War II in Europe, in May 1945, theUnited States Congress passed a law stating that men under the age of nineteen had to have six months of military training before being sent overseas. Around the same time, the seventeen-week basic infantry training program that was in place prior to late December 1944 was restored. As a result, Camp Livingston, along withCamp Gordon, Georgia was re-converted to an Infantry Advanced Replacement Training Center in order to give either nine or eleven weeks of additional training to men under the age of nineteen who were graduates of the interim fifteen-week or restored seventeen-week training programs at the standard infantry replacement training centers.
During World War II, thousands ofJapanese,German andItalian prisoners of war were kept ininternment camps at Camp Livingston andCamp Claiborne. In 1942, the United States' first Japanese POWKazuo Sakamaki arrived at Camp Livingston. Sakamaki was the only surviving crewman of a mini-submarine used in theattack on Pearl Harbor; he was captured by CorporalDavid Akui after abandoning his sub, which had run aground. The internees at the camps were used to supply logging and farm labor in the area. There was a POW cemetery located within Camp Livingston, and in 1947 the headstones were relocated toFort Sam Houston, Texas; the bodies of the POWs were left in unmarked graves, where they remain today.
The camp also held between 800[3] and 1,100[4] US civilians of Japanese ancestry who were interned as potentialfifth columnists afterPearl Harbor. Most of these men remainedin confinement throughout the war, despite a lack of evidence to prove they posed a threat to homefront security.
Camp Livingston was deactivated in late 1945 and is now part of theKisatchie National Forest.[1][5][6][7]
The US Forest Service manages the property where the camp was previously located, and some of the original concrete streets can be accessed as some are used on a daily basis for traffic passing through the camp. The footings from many of the buildings are still in place as well as most of the original parking lots and parade areas. At least two of the swimming pools can be located and one of those up until recent years was used as an unauthorized civilian shooting range. The US Forest Service also maintains the Little Creek and Hickman Trails, which are multiple-use trail systems utilized by ATV enthusiasts throughout the area. The original water treatment plant that was built to serve the camp is still in operation today, and is now operated by Water Works District No. 3 in Rapides Parish.
31°26′39″N92°21′44″W / 31.444244°N 92.362232°W /31.444244; -92.362232