 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Calumpit" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(October 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Calumpit | |
|---|---|
| Municipality of Calumpit | |
 Calumpit Municipal Hall | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Etymology:Kalumpít | |
| Motto: God bless Calumpit | |
 Map of Bulacan with Calumpit highlighted | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
.svg)  Calumpit Location within thePhilippines | |
| Coordinates:14°55′N120°46′E / 14.92°N 120.77°E /14.92; 120.77 | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | Central Luzon |
| Province | Bulacan |
| District | 1st district |
| Founded | 14 November 1571 |
| Chartered | 28 December 1575 |
| Founded by |
|
| Barangays | 29 (seeBarangays) |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sangguniang Bayan |
| • Mayor | Glorime M. Faustino |
| • Vice Mayor | Zacarias C. Candelaria |
| • Representative | Danilo A. Domingo |
| • Municipal Council | Members
|
| • Electorate | 70,117 voters (2022) |
| Area | |
• Total | 56.25 km2 (21.72 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 6.0 m (19.7 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 35 m (115 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | −2 m (−7 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[3] | |
• Total | 118,471 |
| • Density | 2,100/km2 (5,500/sq mi) |
| • Households | 29,688 |
| Economy | |
| • Income class | 1st municipal income class |
| • Poverty incidence | 14.69 |
| • Revenue | ₱ 480 million (2022) |
| • Assets | ₱ 995.1 million (2022) |
| • Expenditure | ₱ 388.9 million (2022) |
| • Liabilities | ₱ 339.3 million (2022) |
| Utilities | |
| • Electricity | Meralco |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
| ZIP code | 3003 |
| PSGC | |
| IDD : area code | +63 (0)44 |
| Native languages | Tagalog Kapampangan |
| Website | www |
Calumpit[kɐlʊmˈpit], officially theMunicipality of Calumpit (Tagalog:Bayan ng Calumpit,Kapampangan:Balen ning Calumpit), is amunicipality in theprovince ofBulacan,Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 118,471 people.[3]
The name "Calumpit" comes from the tree "Kalumpít", an indigenous hardwood species similar toapalit and narra, which grows abundantly in front of the St. John the Baptist Parish Church in the Población-Sucol area.[5]
Calumpit was already an establishedbarangay under the leadership of Gat Maitim prior to the fall ofTondo in June 1571. Other nearby villages were Gatbuka, Meyto, Meysulao, Pandukot,Malolos,Macabebe,Hagonoy, andApalit. When Calumpit was Hispanized and established as a political and geographical entity in 1572, they chose what is today Barangay Población as the site of the church and the administrative center of the aforementioned villages, which were annexed to it.
Upon hearing that Tondo was conquered by Martín de Goíti andJuan Salcedo, and thatRajah Matanda allied with the Spaniards in May 1571, Bambalito formed a fleet of two thousand natives mostly from Hagonoy and Macabebe. They sailed acrossManila Bay to Tondo on 3 June 1571, facing Goíti and Salcedo in the historicBattle of Bangkusay. Bambalito and the natives were defeated, and the conquerors proceeded northwards to pacify other villages along the coast of Manila Bay.
In September 1571, Goíti and Salcedo, along with the invading forces, arrived atLubao. On 14 November 1571, they reached Calumpit and Malolos and reported it toMiguel López de Legazpi, the first SpanishGovernor-General of the Philippines. The two settlements were then constituted as the Encomienda de Calumpit and Encomienda de Malolos, respectively. The Encomienda de Calumpit was entrusted to Sargento Juan Moron, one of the conquerors in the Legazpi Expedition.[6]
It is uncertain as to exactly when the Augustinians first set foot in Calumpit, but according to the documents, Calumpit was already a parish by 3 May 1572, when Fray Martín de Rada was elected Prior Provincial. Calumpit was simultaneously established with the conventos ofBay, Laguna,Tondo andLubao, Pampanga, with De Rada as its prior and Fray Diego Vivar as his vicar.
Accounts state that the Augustinian missionaries planted a wooden cross along the bank of the Meyto River to symbolise the baptism of the land, and they built a chapel made of nipa and bamboo. Later, they moved to Meysulao and built another visita, and then in Panducot, where they built another chapel dedicated toOur Lady of the Visitation as Fray Gaspar de San Agustín mentioned in hisConquistas delas Isla Philipinas (Libro Segundo, Chapter 9). Subsequently, the missionary headquarters was moved again to a much higher place where a very huge and prominent tree called "Kalumpit" (Terminalia macrocarpa decne) stands as the original settlers named the place. Another notable characteristic of the village of Calumpit is that it was bounded by rivers which served as a natural moat-like feature. Primarily, Meyto, Meysulao, Panducot and Calumpit was independent barangays under their own chiefs, it is same with Gatbuka, Bugyon and other old settlements.
On 5 April 1572, Legaspi merged the villages of Meyto, Meysulao, Panducot, Calumpit, Candaba, Apalit and Malolos and these villages became ministerios and visitas and these settlements first formed the town named Calumpit, with present-day Calumpit as center.
On 28 December 1575, Gov. General Francisco Sande ordered the inclusion of the villages of Agonoy (Hagonoy), Quinabalonan (now Santa Monica and San Jose, Hagonoy), and some villages along Macabebe river to the town of Calumpit.
When Calumpit was already pacified by Spaniards and submitted under the colonial rule, On 5 April 1572, Encomiendas of Calumpit and Malolos was unified under the shared administration of their encomenderos Don Marcos de Herrera and Sargento Mayor Juan Moron. One month later on the same year Calumpit was created as one of the centers of the Augustinian ministry in Northern Luzon with Convento de LubaoPampanga, which includes Betis and Bacolor and Convento de TaalBatangas established on 3 May 1572, upon the election of Fray Martín de Rada as the new Prior Provincial of the Augustinians replacing Fray Diego de Herrera who was recalled to Mexico. This parochial beginnings of Calumpit have included the old villages of Hagonoy, Apalit, Candaba, Malolos and Macabebe as its missions. The town of Calumpit was originally dedicated to SaintNicholas of Tolentino, but in December 1576, the town was re-dedicated to the patronage of SaintJohn the Baptist.[7]
On 28 December 1575, Governor-General Francisco de Sande established Calumpit as analcaldia (province) although independent from Bulacan, with Marcos de Arce as the firstAlcalde Mayor, with Calumpit and nearby visitas and settlements such as Malolos, Hagonoy, Macabebe, Apalit and Candaba. Later in 1576, jurisdiction of Macabebe transferred to the town of Lubao and Candaba separated and became town, then on 11 June 1580, Malolos became a town, and it was transferred to Alcaldia de Bulacan. In 1581, Hagonoy had its own convent but still under the Governor of Calumpit, while in 1591 Apalit officially separated and established as an independent town, and it was transferred in the reconfigured territory ofPampanga province. In Miguel de Loarca's document in 1581 calledRelación de las Islas Filipinas and the June 1591 document of Governor-General Luis Pérez de Dasmariñas, it is proven that Calumpit appears as an independent Alcaldia, independent of those of Bulacan and Lubao and Betis.[8] It was therefore established as an Encomienda and Alcaldia separate toProvince of Bulacan. Contrary to popular belief, Calumpit was not only the first town founded in Bulacan, but it existed as a province.
The Alcaldia de Calumpit was eventually abolished and the towns of Calumpit and Hagonoy were annexed to the province of Bulacan. Neighbouring Apalit was meanwhile annexed to Pampanga.
During thePhilippine Revolution in 1896, Calumpiteños participated in battles launched by theKatipunan against theSpanish Empire. Many notable Calumeteños helped establish and support theMalolos Republic, with the town serving as a defense line due to its proximity to the new capital. When thePhilippine–American War erupted, Calumpit become the headquarters of GeneralAntonio Luna in 1898. In the bloody encounters at Barrio Bagbag on 25 April 1899, many people joined the army of General Luna.[citation needed] During the conflict, the bridge, convent and church of the town were burned and completely destroyed.[9]
Civil administration under theUnited States-ledInsular Government was established in Calumpit in April 1901, with Juan Galang serving as the first elected American-era mayor of the town.
Calumpit played an important role at the outbreak of theSecond World War in the Pacific theater. The bridge of Calumpit, on the way toBataan was demolished by the Engineering Battalion of the U.S., impeding movement of the Japanese forces on their way to Bataan. In January 1942, theJapanese Government occupied Calumpit for three years, during which many of the townsfolk died.
In the middle of 1943, the first part of theUSAFFE guerrilla was established under the leadership of Luis Macam, with most of the members from Calumpit.
In June 1944, the 4th Battalion of the Del Pilar Regiment was established under the leadership of Major Francisco del Rosario. They continued fighting until the returned of the USAFFE under the leadership of GeneralDouglas MacArthur.
In January 1945, the combined Filipino and American troops arrived in the town, liberating it from Japanese control.
On 18 November 1959, former mayor Fausto Carlos was convicted for the murder of suspectedHukbalahap rebel Artemio Mutuc at the municipal building 11 years prior and was sentenced to life in prison.[10]
Calumpit is 50 kilometres (31 mi) fromManila and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) fromMalolos City.
Calumpit is sprawled over an area of 5,625 has. of flat terrain classified accordingly to use for agricultural (66.81%), residential (10.42%), industrial (2.48%), commercial, (0.89%) and other (1.05%) purposes. It occupies around 2.06% of the total land area ofBulacan. The municipality has 144.33 kilometers of concrete roads that easily link its 29 barangays.
Two distinct seasons characterize the town's climate: rainy season which starts late May and ends around November; and dry season which begins November and lasts until April.
Calumpit has two types of soil – the silt loam which is found in almost 90% of the entire municipality and the clay loam in the south-east far end of the town. Both types are basically suited for agricultural purposes as perDepartment of Agriculture (Philippines) classifications.
The stretch of waterway where two great rivers traversing through Calumpit, theAngat River and thePampanga River is referred to as theCalumpit River.
This river has shaped the lives of Bulakeños since time immemorial. With the longest river system in Bulacan, Calumpit River traverses the towns of Calumpit,Pulilan andPlaridel on the east,Paombong andHagonoy in the West and winds up throughApalit,Macabebe andMasantol,Pampanga.
It was the major route for trade and commerce in this part of the Luzon prior to the arrival of Spain. The Pampanga and Quingua Rivers[9] served as arteries through which goods coming in and going out of Calumpit passed. At present, the river is a valued resource as a rich fishing ground and providing farmers with irrigation.
The climate of Calumpit is similar to that of the rest of the other municipalities in the province of Bulacan. It is characterized by two (2) distinct seasons namely, the rainy and the dry. The rainy seasons starts from late May and ends around November, the dry season from December to April. The average annual rainfall is 255.3 millimetres (10.05 in) with the month of August having the highest month average rainfall, about 304 millimetres (12.0 in). The annual number of rainy days is 175 days.
| Climate data for Calumpit, Bulacan | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) | 31 (88) | 33 (91) | 32 (90) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 28 (82) | 30 (86) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 6 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 6 (0.2) | 17 (0.7) | 82 (3.2) | 122 (4.8) | 151 (5.9) | 123 (4.8) | 124 (4.9) | 99 (3.9) | 37 (1.5) | 21 (0.8) | 792 (31.1) |
| Average rainy days | 3.3 | 2.5 | 11.7 | 6.6 | 17.7 | 22.2 | 25.2 | 23.7 | 23.2 | 17.9 | 9.2 | 5.2 | 168.4 |
| Source: Meteoblue(Use with caution: this is modeled/calculated data, not measured locally.)[11] | |||||||||||||
Calumpit is politically subdivided into 29 barangays.[12] Each barangay consists ofpuroks and some havesitios.
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | ±% p.a. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020[3] | 2010[13] | |||||
| 031407001 | Balite | 2.7% | 3,216 | 2,399 | ▴ | 2.97% |
| 031407002 | Balungao | 4.3% | 5,044 | 4,899 | ▴ | 0.29% |
| 031407004 | Buguion | 2.8% | 3,296 | 3,143 | ▴ | 0.48% |
| 031407005 | Bulusan | 2.2% | 2,564 | 2,330 | ▴ | 0.96% |
| 031407006 | Calizon | 1.7% | 1,999 | 1,926 | ▴ | 0.37% |
| 031407007 | Calumpang | 3.5% | 4,159 | 3,571 | ▴ | 1.54% |
| 031407008 | Caniogan | 3.6% | 4,278 | 3,955 | ▴ | 0.79% |
| 031407009 | Corazon | 2.1% | 2,458 | 2,529 | ▾ | −0.28% |
| 031407010 | Frances | 4.9% | 5,770 | 5,535 | ▴ | 0.42% |
| 031407011 | Gatbuca | 5.3% | 6,332 | 5,914 | ▴ | 0.69% |
| 031407012 | Gugo | 1.5% | 1,770 | 1,581 | ▴ | 1.14% |
| 031407013 | Iba Este | 2.3% | 2,754 | 2,756 | ▾ | −0.01% |
| 031407014 | Iba Oeste | 10.4% | 12,359 | 10,610 | ▴ | 1.54% |
| 031407015 | Longos | 2.9% | 3,444 | 3,070 | ▴ | 1.16% |
| 031407016 | Meysulao | 3.5% | 4,109 | 3,430 | ▴ | 1.82% |
| 031407017 | Meyto | 2.5% | 2,971 | 2,780 | ▴ | 0.67% |
| 031407018 | Palimbang | 1.8% | 2,117 | 2,146 | ▾ | −0.14% |
| 031407019 | Panducot | 2.1% | 2,501 | 2,403 | ▴ | 0.40% |
| 031407020 | Pio Cruzcosa | 3.7% | 4,336 | 4,145 | ▴ | 0.45% |
| 031407021 | Poblacion | 1.6% | 1,909 | 2,044 | ▾ | −0.68% |
| 031407022 | Pungo | 7.0% | 8,347 | 7,674 | ▴ | 0.84% |
| 031407023 | San Jose | 4.6% | 5,437 | 5,017 | ▴ | 0.81% |
| 031407024 | San Marcos | 1.9% | 2,255 | 2,166 | ▴ | 0.40% |
| 031407025 | San Miguel | 4.2% | 4,998 | 4,720 | ▴ | 0.57% |
| 031407026 | Santa Lucia | 1.9% | 2,206 | 2,391 | ▾ | −0.80% |
| 031407027 | Santo Niño | 1.7% | 1,955 | 2,357 | ▾ | −1.85% |
| 031407028 | Sapang Bayan | 2.3% | 2,762 | 2,454 | ▴ | 1.19% |
| 031407029 | Sergio Bayan | 1.7% | 1,967 | 1,713 | ▴ | 1.39% |
| 031407030 | Sucol | 1.2% | 1,444 | 1,410 | ▴ | 0.24% |
| Total | 118,471 | 101,068 | ▴ | 1.60% | ||
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1903 | 13,897 | — |
| 1918 | 14,844 | +0.44% |
| 1939 | 17,047 | +0.66% |
| 1948 | 21,788 | +2.76% |
| 1960 | 27,662 | +2.01% |
| 1970 | 36,119 | +2.70% |
| 1975 | 41,041 | +2.60% |
| 1980 | 45,454 | +2.06% |
| 1990 | 59,042 | +2.65% |
| 1995 | 70,839 | +3.47% |
| 2000 | 81,113 | +2.95% |
| 2007 | 98,017 | +2.65% |
| 2010 | 101,068 | +1.12% |
| 2015 | 108,757 | +1.41% |
| 2020 | 118,471 | +1.70% |
| Source:Philippine Statistics Authority[14][13][15][16] | ||
In the 2020 census, the population of Calumpit was 118,471,[3] with a density of 2,100 inhabitants per square kilometre or 5,400 inhabitants per square mile.
Calumpit's population was 101,068 in the Philippine Statistics Authority (NSO) 2010 census. Historically, its population grew at an average of 3.71% per annum.
Thebarangay with the largest population is Iba Oeste, with 10,610 residents, while the smallest is Sucol with 1,410 residents.
Calumpit has a relatively young population, with the age group 1–19 years old, constituting 46.01% of the total population. The rest consists mainly of the working group between the ages of 20 and 59 years old accounting for about 47.96% and the elderly comprising 6.02%.
In terms of sex distribution, males exceeded the number of females very slightly with a count of 35,710 and 35,087, respectively.
Calumpit is a predominantlyTagalog-speaking town, with about 96.3% of its people beingfluent speakers. Residents in the northernmost barangays (bordering Apalit) speakKapampangan while a minority speak otherPhilippine languages.
.jpg)
As Calumpit is the first town in Bulacan to have been Christianized by the Spaniards in 1572, about 80% of residents profess theRoman Catholic faith. Under the United States and because of the eventualdisestablishment of the Catholic Church in the Philippines in 1902,Protestantism gained a foothold in the municipality. Significant religious minorities include theIglesia ni Cristo,Members Church of God International,Iglesia Filipina Independiente.
Among the oldest churches in Bulacan found in Calumpit is theSan Juan Bautista Church. Constructed under Augustinian friars Martín de Rada and Diego Vivar, it was initially made of nipa and bamboo and gradually built of stone in 1700. It enshrines the localpatron saint,John the Baptist, whoseliturgical birthday on 24 June is celebrated as the town fiesta.
Inside the church is a tunnel that, as legend would have it, was used by priests during the Spanish era as an escape route in the event of Chinese and Moro pirate attacks. It is a declared Diocesan Shrine of the Diocese of Malolos.[17]
The Meyto Shrine marks the cradle of Christianity in western Bulacan, where a wooden cross was first planted and first mass in the region was said in May 1572. The shrine, located in the western part of town, is also the site of the original church of Calumpit, predating the existing one in the town centre. During the Philippine Revolution, the Iglesia Filipina Independiente – which had by then separated from the Catholic Church – took over Meyto Shrine.
In 1995, Calumpit had a relatively big labor force of 24,095 or 66% of the population aged 20–59. Around 35% of these skilled and were employed in their respective occupations; 28% werehousewives with occasional employment asfarmhands, selling farm produce in the market and doing marginal odd jobs. Others were unclassified and consisted mostly of students, out-of-school youth and the unemployed.
Total household income per annum is ₱705 million, with the annual average household income is ₱66,600 and per capita income annually is ₱12,198.
The highliteracy rate (98.5%) is maintained by its 24 elementary schools and six secondary or high schools. The Bulacan Manpower and Livelihood Training Center (BMLTC), based at the heart of the town, offers vocational courses and serves as the training ground for both unskilled and highly skilled workers. As a result, most Calumpiteños have acquired and maintained skills suited for employment especially in the agro-industrial field.
Poverty incidence of Calumpit
5 10 15 20 2000 16.35 2003 7.22 2006 5.30 2009 6.41 2012 5.22 2015 6.27 2018 4.73 2021 14.69 Source:Philippine Statistics Authority[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] |
Calumpit celebrates its townfiesta from June 23 to 24. TheLibad is a river procession held everySaint John's Eve on June 23 to honour the town'spatron saint. Calumpiteños sing, dance and douse water to "baptize" passers-by, recalling the saint's characteristic act. The ritual and its traditional route are relics of the old fluvial procession held when Apalit and Hagonoy were still governed from Calumpit. The festivities carry on to the next day, June 24, the feast of SaintJohn the Baptist.
Every June 23, a day beforeJohn the Baptist's feast, Calumpit's 29 barangays participate in the "Libad sa Ilog"fluvial float parade.[26] Well-decoratedpagodas pass along Calumpit River, the historic site ofBattle of Calumpit from Barangays Gatbuca and Bagbag (Caniogan-Santo Niño) bridges passing Iba O Este alongMacArthur Highway towards theSan Juan Bautista Church.[27]
One of the oldest barangays in the town, established in 1575, Santa Lucia is very popular and famous because of the supposedly miraculous image of itspatroness,Saint Lucy. During the village festival, every December 12–13, the streets of the village are strung with colorfulbanderitas, as is the façade of Santa Lucia Church. Pilgrims visit the church for the two-day celebration, with thenovena to the saint beginning on December 4.
On March 24–25, 2023, the town's 451st FoundingAnniversary, Mayor Glorime M. Faustino led the 1stCalumpit longganisa Festival with a 514 meters "LongestBoodle Fight" alongPulilan Regional Road. 3,000 people who participated from Barangays Caniogan and Corazon ate the star "Longganisang Bawang" of Bikers Longganisa makers.[28] Calumpit's 29 barangays residents joined the 500-meter longganisa boodle fight spread along the Calumpit-Pulilan Road, in its 2nd Longganisa Festival on 23 March 2024.[29]
Bagbag Bridge was the site of the longest battle between the Americans and Filipinos led by GeneralGregorio del Pilar on April 25, 1899. The bridge is now a reminder of the valor displayed by the Filipino who triumphed against the American forces.
The former town mayor was found guilty of murder in a decision signed by Judge Ambrosio T. Dollete of the third sala of the local court of first instance.
Places adjacent to Calumpit | |
|---|---|
 Province ofBulacan | |
|---|---|
| Municipalities | |
| Component cities | |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
