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California Zephyr

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Amtrak service between Chicago and the San Francisco Bay Area
This article is about the modern train operated by Amtrak. For the original train service of the same name, seeCalifornia Zephyr (1949–1970). For the 1955 song, seeCalifornia Zephyr (song).

California Zephyr
The eastbound California Zephyr nearGreen River, Utah, in 2023
Overview
Service typeInter-city rail
LocaleWestern United States
Predecessor
First serviceJuly 16, 1983 (1983-07-16)
Current operatorAmtrak
Annual ridership403,142 (FY 25) Increase 14.8%[a][1]
Route
TerminiChicago, Illinois
Emeryville, California
Stops33
Distance travelled2,438 miles (3,924 km)
Average journey time
  • 52 hours, 14 minutes (eastbound)[2]
  • 52 hours, 57 minutes (westbound)[2]
Service frequencyDaily
Train numbers5 (westbound)
6 (eastbound)
On-board services
ClassesCoach Class
First Class Sleeper Service
Disabled accessTrain lower level, most stations
Sleeping arrangements
  • Roomette (2 beds)
  • Bedroom (2 beds)
  • Bedroom Suite (4 beds)
  • Accessible Bedroom (2 beds)
  • Family Bedroom (4 beds)
Catering facilitiesDining car,Café
Observation facilitiesSightseer lounge car
Baggage facilitiesOverhead racks, checked baggage available at selected stations
Technical
Rolling stock
Track gauge4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge
Operating speed
Track ownersUP,BNSF
Route map
MapShow interactive map
0
Chicago
OtherAmtrak routes
to east, south, southeast
28 mi
45 km
Naperville
38 mi
61 km
bypassed
1983
104 mi
167 km
Princeton
162 mi
261 km
Galesburg
Galesburg Transit
179 mi
288 km
closed
1984
205 mi
330 km
Burlington
233 mi
375 km
Mount Pleasant
279 mi
449 km
Ottumwa
Ottumwa Transit Authority
359 mi
578 km
Osceola
392 mi
631 km
Creston
500 mi
805 km
Omaha
Metro Transit (Omaha)
555 mi
893 km
Lincoln
StarTran
652 mi
1049 km
Hastings
706 mi
1136 km
Holdrege
783 mi
1260 km
McCook
922 mi
1484 km
closed
1987
960 mi
1545 km
Fort Morgan
1038 mi
1670 km
Denver
1100 mi
1770 km
Fraser–Winter Park
1113 mi
1791 km
Granby
1163 mi
1872 km
closed
1983
1223 mi
1968 km
Glenwood Springs
Roaring Fork Transportation Authority
1246 mi
2005 km
closed
1983
1311 mi
2110 km
Grand Junction
1387 mi
2232 km
closed
1997
1417 mi
2280 km
Green River
1488 mi
2395 km
Helper
1563 mi
2515 km
Provo
1608 mi
2588 km
Salt Lake City
TRAX (light rail)
1641 mi
2641 km
bypassed
1983
1871 mi
3011 km
Elko
1890 mi
3042 km
closed
1983
2013 mi
3240 km
Winnemucca
2101 mi
3381 km
closed
1997
2199 mi
3539 km
closed
2009
2202 mi
3544 km
Reno
Regional Transportation Commission of Washoe County
2237 mi
3600 km
Truckee
Truckee station#Bus service
2301 mi
3703 km
Colfax
2336 mi
3759 km
Roseville
2353 mi
3787 km
Sacramento
SacRT light rail
2367 mi
3809 km
Davis
2395 mi
3854 km
bypassed
1998
2411 mi
3880 km
Martinez
Martinez station#Connections
2430 mi
3911 km
Richmond
Bay Area Rapid Transit
2438 mi
3924 km
Emeryville
Emeryville station#Transit connections
closed
1994
1995 to
1997
This diagram:
Show route diagram map

TheCalifornia Zephyr is along-distancepassenger train operated byAmtrak betweenChicago and theSan Francisco Bay Area (atEmeryville), viaOmaha,Denver,Salt Lake City, andReno. At 2,438 miles (3,924 km), it is Amtrak's longest daily route, and second-longest overall after theTexas Eagle's triweekly continuation fromSan Antonio toLos Angeles, with travel time between the termini taking approximately 5212 hours.[3] Amtrak claims the route as one of its most scenic, with views of the upperColorado River valley in theRocky Mountains, and theSierra Nevada.[4] The modern train is the second iteration of a train namedCalifornia Zephyr; theoriginal train was privately operated and ran on a different route through Nevada and California.

Duringfiscal year 2023, theCalifornia Zephyr carried 328,458 passengers, an increase of 13.1% over FY2022,[5] but down from its pre-COVID-19 pandemic ridership of 410,844 in FY2019.[6] The train had a total revenue of$51,950,998 in FY2016, the last year that route-specific revenue data was given.[7]

History

[edit]

Previous service

[edit]
The eastboundCalifornia Zephyr on Altamont Pass in March 1970

Prior to the 1971 creation ofAmtrak, three competing trains ran between Chicago and theEast Bay, with bus connections to San Francisco:[8]: 136 

Railpax (renamed Amtrak in late April 1971) originally intended to revive theCalifornia Zephyr as part of its original route network, using theBurlington Northern (ex-CB&Q) east of Denver, the DRG&W between Denver andOgden, Utah, and the WP west of Ogden. TheCalifornia Zephyr route would serve more populated areas (including Denver and Salt Lake City) than the Overland Route, would run through rural communities that lacked good highway access, and could attract passengers to its scenic routes.[8]: 136 

However, since the WP had shed the last of its money-losing passenger service by terminating theCalifornia Zephyr, it wasnot eligible to participate in Amtrak's formation. On April 12, 1971, the WP refused to cooperate with Railpax, and the SP route between Ogden and Oakland was chosen instead.[8]: 136 

On April 26, the D&RGW elected not to join Amtrak. The contract specified that Amtrak could later increase service, and D&RGW feared that would crowd its single-track mainline that competed with the UP's double-track route. The D&RGW chose to operate the Denver–OgdenRio Grande Zephyr. Amtrak scrambled to piece together a Denver–Cheyenne–Ogden routing on the UP.[8]: 137 

Amtrak

[edit]
AnEMD FP7 and twoEMD SDP40Fs pull the eastboundSan Francisco Zephyr through the Yuba Gap in 1975.
See also:San Francisco Zephyr andRio Grande Zephyr

Between the spring of 1971 and the summer of 1972, passengers traveling between Chicago and Oakland would have to travel on two different trains: theDenver Zephyr, which operated daily between Chicago and Denver, and theCity of San Francisco, which operated three times a week, between Denver and the San Francisco Bay Area. Eventually, however, after several false starts, Amtrak consolidated the two trains into one, dubbed theSan Francisco Zephyr, homage to both theCalifornia Zephyr and theSan Francisco Chief,between Chicago and Oakland. The Rio Grande continued to operate theRio Grande Zephyr between Denver and Ogden.[8]: 136–137  TheSan Francisco Zephyr and theRio Grande Zephyr were scheduled as to facilitate a connection between them in Ogden, but not Denver.[9]

San Francisco Zephyr running with the new Superliner I cars in November 1980

In July 1980, theSan Francisco Zephyr was outfitted with new bi-levelSuperliner I passenger cars built byPullman-Standard – one of the last Amtrak's western long-distance trains to receive them – (already running with such cars were theSouthwest Limited,Desert Wind andEmpire Builder),[8]: 144  and began exchanging through cars at Ogden with the Seattle–ChicagoPioneer and the Los Angeles–ChicagoDesert Wind. Between Ogden and Chicago, theZephyr,Desert Wind, andPioneer operated as a combined train.[8]: 138 

TheRio Grande Zephyr arriving atUnion Station inDenver, Colorado in 1983. In April of that same year, and after 12 years, the service ceased operations, being replaced by Amtrak's newCalifornia Zephyr.

In 1983, Rio Grande elected to join Amtrak, citing increasing losses in passenger operations. The company made the last run of itsRio Grande Zephyr on April 24 and delivered most of the rolling stock with which that service was provided, although Amtrak was already replacing with new Superliners to itsHeritage Fleet and thus the ex-D&RGW cars did not make it to service on the newCalifornia Zephyr.[10][11] Amtrak re-routed theSan Francisco Zephyr over the D&RGW'sMoffat Subdivision between Denver and Salt Lake City, its original preference from 1971. The change was scheduled for April 25, but amudslide atThistle, Utah, closed the line and delayed the change until July 16. With the change of route, Amtrak renamed the train as theCalifornia Zephyr.[12][13] The modernCalifornia Zephyr uses mostly the same route as the original east ofWinnemucca, Nevada. The train uses the route of the formerCity of San Francisco, along theOverland Route (First transcontinental railroad), west ofWells, Nevada. Across central Nevada, the two rail lines have been combined to usedirectional running. As such, the exact spot the train switches lines depends on the direction of travel.[14]

TheCalifornia Zephyr rounds a curve along theColorado River nearMcCoy, Colorado in 2016.

For most of the 1980s and 1990s, theCalifornia Zephyr operated in tandem with theSeattle-boundPioneer and Los Angeles-boundDesert Wind. Since 1980, thePioneer andDesert Wind had exchanged through coaches with theSan Francisco Zephyr at Ogden. The exchange point was moved to Salt Lake City when the latter train became theCalifornia Zephyr.[8]: 143–144  This created a massive train of 16Superliner cars running from Chicago to Utah, easily the longest train Amtrak had operated outside of theAuto Train. Amtrak required at least fourEMD F40PH locomotives to pull this behemoth over the steep grades of the Moffat subdivision. To ease the load, Amtrak began splitting thePioneer from theZephyr andDesert Wind at Denver in 1991, while theDesert Wind continued splitting from theZephyr at Salt Lake City.[8]: 148–150  ThePioneer andDesert Wind were both discontinued in 1997.

The western terminus of the train was cut back toEmeryville station whenOakland Central station closed on August 5, 1994. TheCalifornia Zephyr was re-extended to Oakland with the opening of theJack London Square station on May 12, 1995. However, this required a complicated reverse move alongstreet running tracks to reach thewye at West Oakland. The train was cut back again to Emeryville on October 26, 1997.[15]

Service betweenReno andDenver was suspended for about a month in April 2020, as part of a round of service reduction in response to thecoronavirus pandemic.[16][17] Frequency was reduced to tri-weekly in October 2020,[18] but was restored to daily service on May 24, 2021, after additional Amtrak funding was included in theAmerican Rescue Plan Act of 2021.[19] A resurgence of the virus caused by theOmicron variant and associated staffing and equipment shortages caused Amtrak to reduce the train's service to a five days a week Tuesday through Saturday schedule from January 19 to May 23, 2022.[20] Daily service resumed in June 2022.[21]

Rolling stock

[edit]

TheCalifornia Zephyr usesSuperliner equipment like Amtrak's other long-distance trains in the Western United States. As of 2024[update], a typicalCalifornia Zephyr has:[22]

As of March 2025[update], Amtrak plans to add a third coach in May and a third sleeper in June to meet demand.[24] As with the other long-distance routes, Amtrak plans to fully replace the P42DCs with ALC-42 locomotives by 2027, and the Superliner cars withnew long-distance cars by 2032.[25]

Route description

[edit]
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California Zephyr route map

The westbound train is Amtrak number 5 (number 6 eastbound). Upon leavingChicago Union Station, the train travels along theMetraBNSF Line, with an intermediate stop inNaperville,Illinois.

After passing throughAurora, Illinois, the train travels across the Illinois prairies, using theBurlington Rail Bridge to cross theMississippi River inBurlington,Iowa. After running through southern Iowa, theZephyr reaches theMissouri River betweenCouncil Bluffs, Iowa, andOmaha,Nebraska. From Omaha, the train travels overnight through southern Nebraska and northeasternColorado, making a morning arrival in Denver.

At Denver, theZephyr switches over from BNSF to Union Pacific tracks. Westbound, the train is routed over theCentral Corridor for the trip through theTunnel District. The line crosses theContinental Divide via the 6.2 mile-longMoffat Tunnel underJames Peak. Leaving the Moffat Tunnel, the tracks then follow theColorado River fromWinter Park Resort toRuby Canyon, west ofGrand Junction, which is also where the train entersUtah. The Colorado River portion of the trip is informally called "moon river", aswhitewater rafters pull down their pants andmoon the passengers.[26][27]

Between Denver andFraser–Winter Park station, theZephyr shares a route with theWinter Park Express, a service that runs only during the peak Winter season (mid-December through March) and is used primarily by tourists heading to the ski resorts located in Winter Park.[28][29]

California Zephyrs eastbound and westbound meeting in theGlenwood Canyon Siding

Also between Denver and Crescent Junction, Utah, theZephyr shares the route withRocky Mountaineer'sRockies to the Red Rocks passenger service.[30]

The westboundZephyr stops at the station at Glenwood Springs, Colorado.

In Utah, the train follows the southern rim of theBook Cliffs to their end nearHelper. TheZephyr crosses theWasatch Mountains, cresting atSoldier Summit before descending into theWasatch Front to arrive atSalt Lake City.

The westboundCalifornia Zephyr at Colfax in 2019

From Salt Lake City to Emeryville, theZephyr route loosely followsInterstate 80, traveling along the south shore of theGreat Salt Lake and across theBonneville Salt Flats towards Nevada. After crossing into Nevada atWendover, Utah/West Wendover, Nevada, the route passes theToano Range, via Silver Zone Pass, across theGoshute Valley, tunnels under thePequop Mountains and then skirts the northern edge of theRuby Mountains.

The line first reaches theHumboldt River nearWells, which it loosely follows until the river's end in theHumboldt Sink nearLovelock. Here, the tracks cross the center of theForty Mile Desert; on the other side of this desert valley is theTruckee River, which provides the line's path toReno and up theSierra Nevada in California.

In California, the tracks roundDonner Lake, crest the Sierra Nevada atDonner Pass, and descend a high ridge between theAmerican andYuba Rivers, throughEmigrant Gap. The line empties out into theCalifornia Central Valley, and then runs along theSan Pablo Bay, with stops in Sacramento and Davis. It crosses theBenicia Bridge and has stops inMartinez andRichmond, whereBART provides connections to Berkeley and Oakland. The trip ends inEmeryville, whereAmtrak Thruway service provides connecting service toSan Francisco.

Stations

[edit]
StateMunicipalityStationConnections
IllinoisChicagoChicago Union Station
NapervilleNaperville
PrincetonPrinceton
GalesburgGalesburg
IowaBurlingtonBurlingtonBus interchangeBurlington Urban Service
Mount PleasantMount Pleasant
OttumwaOttumwa
OsceolaOsceola
CrestonCreston
NebraskaOmahaOmahaBus interchangeMetro (Omaha)
LincolnLincolnBus interchangeStarTran
HastingsHastings
HoldregeHoldrege
McCookMcCook
ColoradoFort MorganFort Morgan
DenverDenver Union Station
FraserFraser–Winter ParkAmtrakAmtrak:Winter Park Express
GranbyGranby
Glenwood SpringsGlenwood Springs
Grand JunctionGrand JunctionBus interchangeGrand Valley Transit
UtahGreen RiverGreen River
HelperHelper
ProvoProvo
Salt Lake CitySalt Lake City
NevadaElkoElko
WinnemuccaWinnemucca
RenoRenoAmtrakAmtrak Thruway: 20
CaliforniaTruckeeTruckee
ColfaxColfax
RosevilleRoseville
SacramentoSacramento
DavisDavis
MartinezMartinez
RichmondRichmondAmtrakAmtrak:Capitol Corridor,Gold Runner

Bay Area Rapid TransitBART:Orange Line,Red Line

EmeryvilleEmeryville

Rail line subdivisions

[edit]

From east to west the current route of the Zephyr uses the following rail subdivisions:

BNSF Railway
Union Pacific Central Corridor

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Amtrak's Fiscal Year (FY) runs from October 1 of the prior year to September 30 of the named year.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Amtrak Fiscal Year 2025 Ridership"(PDF). Amtrak. November 18, 2025.
  2. ^ab"Amtrak Timetable Results".www.amtrak.com. RetrievedDecember 20, 2021.
  3. ^"California Zephyr Timetable"(PDF).Amtrak. July 20, 2017. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2018.
  4. ^"California Zephyr Route Guide"(PDF).Amtrak. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2018.
  5. ^"Amtrak FY23 Ridership"(PDF).
  6. ^"Amtrak Route Ridership: FY22 vs. FY21"(PDF).
  7. ^"Amtrak FY16 Ridership & Revenue Fact Sheet"(PDF).Amtrak. April 17, 2017. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2018.
  8. ^abcdefghiSanders, Craig (2006).Amtrak in the Heartland. Bloomington, Indiana:Indiana University Press.ISBN 978-0-253-34705-3.
  9. ^"Nationwide schedules of intercity passenger service".Amtrak. June 11, 1972. RetrievedSeptember 12, 2010.
  10. ^Smith, Brad (April 21, 1983)."Last privately owned U.S. passenger train, the Rio Grande Zephyr, joins Amtrak Monday".United Press International. RetrievedJuly 11, 2023.
  11. ^Sumsion, Oneita Burnside (1983).Thistle – Focus on Disaster. Art City Publishing Company. pp. 73–75.ISBN 0-936860-14-6.
  12. ^"Scenic route to be taken by Amtrak".Eugene Register-Guard. March 17, 1983. RetrievedSeptember 12, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  13. ^"Last passenger trains rolling across Wyoming".Spokesman-Review. July 13, 1983. RetrievedSeptember 12, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  14. ^Nevada Road and Recreation Atlas (Map) (2003 ed.). 1:250000. Benchmark Maps. 2003. pp. 41–44.ISBN 0-929591-81-X.
  15. ^Vurek, Matthew Gerald (2016).Images of Modern America: California’s Capitol Corridor. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 42, 43.ISBN 9781467124171.
  16. ^"Service Adjustments Due to Coronavirus" (Press release). Amtrak. April 6, 2020.Archived from the original on April 6, 2020. RetrievedApril 6, 2020.
  17. ^"Amtrak Advisory | Amtrak to Operate on Modified Schedules".www.amtrak.com. RetrievedMay 21, 2020.
  18. ^Lewis, Shanna (October 9, 2020)."Coronavirus Service Cuts For Amtrak Trains Are Hurting The Local Economy And Traditions In Southern Colorado". KRCC. RetrievedOctober 11, 2020.
  19. ^"With Increased Demand and Congressional Funding, Amtrak Restores 12 Long Distance Routes to Daily Service". Amtrak. March 10, 2021. RetrievedMarch 10, 2021.
  20. ^"Amtrak to restore four long-distance trains to daily service in late May".Trains. RetrievedApril 19, 2022.
  21. ^Lewis, Shanna."Long distance trains back on track seven days a week in Colorado". KRCC. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  22. ^Johnston, Bob (July 29, 2024)."Amtrak adds to Texas Eagle capacity with dedicated Sunset through cars: Special report".Trains News Wire. RetrievedNovember 21, 2024.
  23. ^Ruppert, Daniel P. (February 3, 2023)."Update on Acquisitions And Capital Programs"(PDF).PRIIA Section 305 Next Generation Corridor Equipment Pool Committee (NGEC) 13th Annual Meeting. Next Generation Corridor Equipment Pool Committee.
  24. ^"Texas Eagle lounge car set to return; other long-distance trains to gain capacity".Trains News Wire. February 25, 2025. RetrievedMarch 4, 2025.
  25. ^"FY 2022-2027 Service and Asset Line Plans"(PDF). Amtrak. 2021. p. 133.
  26. ^Schnalzer, Rachael (November 1, 2019)."For views of the Rockies you can't see any other way, ride Amtrak's Zephyr".Los Angeles Times. RetrievedDecember 26, 2023.
  27. ^Nygaard, Safiya (December 17, 2023).I Took A 52-Hour Sleeper Train From San Francisco To Chicago (Video). Event occurs at 15:24.
  28. ^Cooke, Kyle (November 4, 2024)."The Winter Park Express expands service, cuts prices for 2025 season".Rocky Mountain PBS. RetrievedNovember 4, 2024.
  29. ^"Winter Park Express Will Offer Expanded Service for 2025 Winter Season; Including the 2024 December Holidays".Colorado Governor Jared Polis. RetrievedNovember 4, 2024.
  30. ^McGough, Will (August 16, 2021)."Canadian luxury scenic train line debuts its first US route". CNN. RetrievedAugust 17, 2021.

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toCalifornia Zephyr (Amtrak train).
Wikivoyage has a travel guide forCalifornia Zephyr.
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