Richard Lydekker came across these bones when cataloguing theFox collection and named themCalamospondylus foxi, noting their similarity to those ofCoelurus.[1] Unfortunately,Calamospondylus had already been coined in 1866 (ironically by Reverend Fox himself, the very man honored in Lydekker's species name).[2] Lydekker renamed it in 1891 to its present title.[3] He also at this time provisionally referred to it the righttibia NHMUK R.186, which was discovered byWilliam D. Fox in 1865 or 1866 and was identified by Naish et al. (2001) as belonging to abasalcoelurosaurian like acompsognathid, and has recently been referred toOrnithomimosauria by Allain et al. (2014).[4][5] NHMUK R.186 has since been moved toCalamospondylus.
Because of its sparse remains, it has received little attention. Often, it has been synonymized withCalamospondylus as part of a long, confusing taxonomic tangle,[6][7][8] although there is no comparable material between the two genera.[4] Modern reviews have regarded it as adubious theropod,[9][10] although potentially a valid coelurosaurian.[4]
In 2002 Paul Turner found a dorsal vertebra near Grange Chine on the Isle of Wight. An associated partial tibia and metatarsal fragment were subsequently discovered by Oliver Mattsson and referred toCalamosaurus.[11] Another specimen referred toCalamosaurus was collected by local fossil hunter Kai Bailey in 2014. Both specimens are on display at the Dinosaur Expeditions, Conservation and Palaeoart Centre nearBrighstone, Isle of Wight.
A neck vertebra of aCalamosaurus was found near Chilton Chine on the Isle of Wight by local fossil hunter Dave Badman. The newly discovered vertebra has gone on display at theDinosaur Isle Museum inSandown, Isle of Wight.
NHMUK R.186 was discovered by William D. Fox in 1865 or 1866 and was first assigned toHypsilophodon foxii byLydekker (1888).[12] Lydekker (1891) moved NHMUK R.186 toAristosuchus pusillis,[13] andGalton (1973) agreed with this classification.[14]Welles & Long (1974) referred it to theOrnithomimidae,[15] while Norman (1990), Kirklandet al. (1998) and Long andMolnar (1998) referred NHMUK R.186 toCoelurosauria.[16][17][18] Galton and Molnar (2005) noted the similarities of NHMUK R.186 to the holotype ofCoelurus fragilis,[19] and Allainet al. (2014) agreed with the placement of NHMUK R.186 within Coelurosauria.[20]
Naishet al. (2001) tentatively referred the tibia toCalamosaurus foxi,[21] and NHMUK R.186 has since been moved toCalamospondylus oweni.[22]
As a possible basal coelurosaur,Calamosaurus would have been a small,agile,bipedalcarnivore. Naishet al. (2001) estimate the living animal would have been around 3–5 meters (9.8–16.4 ft) long, with a small head given the build of the neck vertebrae.[4]
^Lydekker. R. (1889). On a coelurid dinosaur from the Wealden.Geological Magazine6:119-121.
^Fox, W.D. in Anonymous. (1866) Another Wealden reptile.Athenaeum2014:740.
^Lydekker. R. (1891). On certain ornithosaurian and dinosaurian remains.Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London47:41-44.
^abcdNaish, D., Hutt, S., and Martill, D.M. (2001). Saurischian dinosaurs 2: theropods. In: Martill, D.M., and Naish, D. (eds.).Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight. The Palaeontological Association:London, 242-309.ISBN0-901702-72-2
^R. Allain, R. Vullo, J. Le loeuff & J.-F. Tournepiche (2014) European ornithomimosaurs (Dinosauria, Theropoda): an undetected record.Geologica Acta12: (2) (advance online publication) June 2014.
^Swinton, W.E. (1936). The dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight.Proceedings of the Geologists' Association47(3):204-220.
^Romer, A.S. (1956).Osteology of the Reptiles. University of Chicago Press:Chicago, 1-772.ISBN0-89464-985-X
^Steel, R. (1970). Part 14. Saurischia.Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Part 14. Gustav Fischer Verlag:Stuttgart, 1-87.
^Norman, D.B. (1990). Problematic theropoda: "coelurosaurs". In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.).The Dinosauria. University of California Press:Berkeley, 280-305.ISBN0-520-06727-4.
^Holtz Jr., T.R., Molnar, R.E., and Currie, P.J. (2004). Basal Tetanurae. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.).The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press:Berkeley, 71-110.ISBN0-520-24209-2.
^Naish, D. 2011. Theropod dinosaurs. In Batten, D. J. (ed.) English Wealden Fossils. The Palaeontological Association (London), pp. 526–559.
^Galton, P.M., (1973). A femur of a small theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of England.Journal of Paleontology, 47, 996-997.
^Welles, S.P., Long, R.A., (1974). The tarsus of theropod dinosaurs.Annals of the South African Museum, 64, 191-218.
^Norman, D.B., (1990). Problematic Theropoda: “Coelurosaurs”. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., Osmolska, H. (eds.). The Dinosauria. Berkeley, University of California Press, 280-305.
^Long, J.A. and Molnar, R.E. (1998). "A new Jurassic theropod dinosaur from Western Australia".Records of the Western Australian Museum 19 (1): 221-229
^Galton, P.M., Molnar, R.E., (2005). Tibiae of small theropod dinosaurs from Southern England: from the Middle Jurassic of Stonesfield near Oxford and the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight. In: Carpenter, K. (ed.). The carnivorous dinosaurs.Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 3-22
^Naish, D., Hutt, S., and Martill, D.M. (2001). Saurischian dinosaurs 2: theropods. In: Martill, D.M., and Naish, D. (eds.).Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight. The Palaeontological Association:London, 242-309.ISBN0-901702-72-2
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