| Cal Ripken Jr. | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Ripken in 2019 | |
| Shortstop /Third baseman | |
| Born: (1960-08-24)August 24, 1960 (age 65) Havre de Grace, Maryland, U.S. | |
Batted: Right Threw: Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| August 10, 1981, for the Baltimore Orioles | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| October 6, 2001, for the Baltimore Orioles | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .276 |
| Hits | 3,184 |
| Home runs | 431 |
| Runs batted in | 1,695 |
Stats atBaseball Reference  | |
| Teams | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| |
| Member of the National | |
 Baseball Hall of Fame | |
| Induction | 2007 |
| Vote | 98.5% (first ballot) |
Calvin Edwin Ripken Jr. (born August 24, 1960), nicknamed "the Iron Man",[1] is an American formerbaseballshortstop andthird baseman who playedhis entire 21-season career inMajor League Baseball (MLB) for theBaltimore Orioles (1981–2001). One of his position's most productive offensive players, Ripken compiled 3,184hits, 431home runs, 1,695runs batted in, and won twoGold Glove Awards for his defense during his career. He was a 19-timeAll-Star and was twice namedAmerican League (AL)Most Valuable Player (MVP), in 1983 and 1991.
Ripken holds therecord for consecutive games played (2,632), having surpassedLou Gehrig's streak of 2,130 which had stood for 56 years and which many deemed wasunbreakable. In2007, he was elected to theBaseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility with 98.53% of votes, the sixth-highest election percentage ever to-date.
Born inMaryland, Ripken grew up traveling around the United States as his father,Cal Sr., was a player and coach in the Orioles' organization. After playing atAberdeen High School, Ripken Jr. was drafted by the Orioles in the second round of the1978 MLB draft. He reached the major leagues in 1981 as a shortstop but moved to third base in 1982,[2] but the following year, he was shifted back to shortstop, his long-time position for Baltimore. That year, Ripken also won the ALRookie of the Year Award and began his consecutive games played streak.
In 1983, he won aWorld Series championship over thePhiladelphia Phillies and his first AL MVP Award. One of Ripken's best years came in 1991 when he was named an All-Star, won theHome Run Derby, and was the recipient of his firstAll-Star Game MVP Award, his second AL MVP Award, and first Gold Glove Award. He broke the consecutive games played record on September 6, 1995, in his 2,131st consecutive game, which fans voted as the league's "most memorable moment" in the history of the game in an MLB.com poll; Ripken voluntarily ended his 17-year streak at 2,632 games before the final home game of the 1998 season. He switched back to third base for the final five years of his career. In 2001, his final season, Ripken was named the All-Star Game MVP and was honored with theCommissioner's Historic Achievement Award.
Ripken is considered one of the best shortstops in baseball history. At 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m), 225 lb (102 kg), he pioneered the way for the success of taller, larger shortstops. He holds the record for most home runs hit as a shortstop, at 345, breaking the record of 298 previously held byErnie Banks, and was selected as the starting shortstop for theMajor League Baseball All-Century Team.
Ripken is a best-selling author and the President and CEO of Ripken Baseball, Inc., whose goal is to expand the love of baseball from a grassroots level. Since his retirement, he has purchased threeminor league baseball teams, and a minority stake with the Orioles. He has been active in charity work throughout his career and is still considered an ambassador of the game. He lives inAnnapolis, Maryland, and is married to Laura Ripken, née Kiessling, a judge on theAppellate Court of Maryland.[3][4]
Calvin Edwin Ripken Jr. was born on August 24, 1960, inHavre de Grace, Maryland, the son of Violet Roberta "Vi" Ripken (née Gross) and Cal Ripken Sr. He hasGerman,English, andIrish ancestry.[5][6] Though the Ripkens calledAberdeen, Maryland, their home, they were often on the move because of Cal Sr.'s coaching duties with theBaltimore Orioles organization.[7] Cal Sr., in fact, was inTopeka, Kansas, with one of his teams when his son was born.[8]
Cal Jr. grew up around baseball and got started in it at a very young age.[1] He was able to receive instruction from players on his father's teams, most notably fromDoug DeCinces.[9] He also got advice from his father, who once remarked to his mother that his questions were better than the ones reporters had.[10] At the age of three, Ripken knew he wanted to be a ballplayer, and at the age of 10, Ripken "knew the game inside and out".[10][11] Ripken and his brotherBilly attendedAberdeen High School.[12] They both played baseball there; Cal also playedsoccer.[13] He has two other siblings, Ellen and Fred.[14]
Ripken began his high school career playingsecond base; his coach, Don Morrison, said, "I was considering moving him toshort, but I was unsure if his arm was strong enough."[15] Despite Morrison's concerns, Ripken did move to shortstop as a sophomore, combining strong fielding with a team-leading 10runs batted in (RBI).[13]
Needing pitching help, the Aberdeen Eagles began using Ripken as apitcher as well in his junior year. He responded bystriking out 55 batters in46+1⁄3innings pitched with threeshutouts whilebatting .339 with 21hits and nine RBIs.[16] He was named theHarford County Most Valuable Player (MVP) while helping Aberdeen become county champions for the first time since 1959.[17] During his senior year, Ripken again had a strong season, lifting his batting average to .688 at one point and posting a 0.79 ERA with 45 strikeouts over his first 26 innings.[18] In the playoffs, Ripken pitched the state championship game againstThomas Stone High School.[19]
The Eagles trailed 3–1 when Ripken, noting that rain was coming and that the game would be canceled and replayed because the Eagles had not yet played the fourth inning, made nine throws tofirst base to ensure the game would be replayed.[19] When the game was played the next week, Ripken struck out 17, allowed twohits, and threw acomplete game as Aberdeen won the state championship.[20] He threw 102 pitches in the 7–1 victory.[21]
TheBaltimore Orioles drafted Ripken in the second round of the1978 Major League Baseball draft 48th overall. Despite a story written by SABR, Ripken was selected with the Orioles' predetermined draft pick, not through a forfeited pick from the Boston Red Sox after the Sox selected Dick Drago in the 1977 re-entry draft. The Orioles would select catcher Cecil Whitehead with the pick they received from Boston two picks after Ripken.[22]
On deciding to go straight from high school to the professional level, he said, "When the colleges started coming around, Dad and I talked about mostly whether I was going to pursue a career in baseball. If I had the ability, the feeling was to get on with it, and if it didn't work out, start over again in college at 25 or 26."[23] Ripken played both pitcher and shortstop in high school; in fact, the Orioles were the only team not just interested in his pitching ability.[24] The Orioles decided to start him playing shortstop in the minor leagues, deciding it would be easier for him to transition back to pitching if necessary than it would be for him to start hitting again.[25]
In 1978, to begin Ripken's minor league career, the Orioles assigned him to theBluefield Orioles of the rookieAppalachian League.[25] He batted .264 with 63 hits, nohome runs, and 24 RBIs, failing to make the league's all-rookie team.[26]
In 1979, Ripken moved up to theSingle-AMiami Orioles of theFlorida State League. Shortly into the season, MiamimanagerLance Nichols decided to move Ripken to third base, saying, "Cal was having some problems at short, so naturally I decided to shift him to third ... Third base was a perfect fit for Cal and our team."[27] On July 2, Ripken hit his first professional home run, a game-winner in the 12th inning against Joseph Abone of theWest Palm Beach Expos.[28]
Ripken batted .303, hit five home runs, led the league with 28doubles, and had 54 RBIs while playing in all 105 of Miami's games. He was named an All-Star after the season.[28] His performance earned him a brief call-up to theCharlotte Orioles of theDouble-ASouthern League; Ripken batted .180 in a month with them, albeit with three home runs.[29]
Ripken began 1980 with Charlotte. His manager at Charlotte,Jimmy Williams, predicted him to set the team home run record, and Ripken did not disappoint.[30] At season's end, he had 25 home runs, besting the previous record by four. He also had 28 doubles, 78 RBIs, and a .492slugging percentage.[31] Ripken was named an All-Star while helping Charlotte win the Southern League championship.[31]
In 1981, Ripken was added to Baltimore's40-man roster. He attendedspring training with the Orioles, but was sent to theRochester Red Wings of theTriple-AInternational League to start the season.[32] At Rochester, Ripken played in thelongest professional baseball game. Ripken started at third base and played all 33 innings against thePawtucket Red Sox (which featured another future Hall of Famer,Wade Boggs) in a game that took parts of three days to complete.[33] Ripken hit 23 home runs for Rochester while batting .288 with 75 RBIs in 114 games.[34] He was named theInternational League Rookie of the Year.[35]
The Orioles were planning to keep Ripken in Rochester through 1981, but searching for improvement in the second half of the 1981 season, they called him up on August 7.[36] ManagerEarl Weaver planned to have Ripken take over the role of utility infielder, in place ofWayne Krenchicki, who had been sent down to make room for Ripken on the roster.[37] He made his debut on August 10 as apinch runner forKen Singleton in the 12th inning of a game against theKansas City Royals. Ripken scored on a hit byJohn Lowenstein, giving the Orioles the win.[38] His first major league hit came six days later againstDennis Lamp of theChicago White Sox.[35] Ripken finished the season batting .182 without an extra-base hit as the Orioles finished fourth in the second half of the season.[39]
Ripken received the third base job for the Orioles in 1982 when the team traded DeCinces before the start of the season.[40] He homered in his very first at-bat of the first game of the Orioles' 1982 season againstDennis Leonard of Kansas City as part of a three-hit outing. However, he slumped to begin the season; his batting average was .118 through May 1.[41] Ripken looked for advice from several Orioles players and coaches but was most aided by advice fromReggie Jackson: "Just know what you know you can do, not what everybody else tells you to do."[42]
After that, Ripken hit well for the rest of the season.[43] On May 29, Ripken did not play the second game of adoubleheader, the last time he missed a game until 1998.[44] On July 1, Weaver decided to permanently shift Ripken to shortstop, deciding that it was harder to find a shortstop who could hit than it was to find a third baseman who could hit.[45] Weaver said, "You never know. Rip might be a great shortstop."[45] Ripken hit 28 home runs that year en route to winning theAmerican League (AL)Rookie of the Year Award.[46] Aided by Ripken, the Orioles contended for the playoffs until they lost to theMilwaukee Brewers on the final day of the season.[47]
Ripken advanced even more in 1983, having what would be one of the best years of his career. He played well all season on the way to earning the first of 19All-Star berths.[48] RoommateRick Dempsey gave this analysis of Ripken's performance: "Certainly there were pitchers who faced him in 1982 and made or tried to make adjustments against him. But Cal was determined and worked hard to offset their adjustments."[49] At season's end, Ripken had set Orioles' records for RBIs by a shortstop (102) and hits by all players (211).[50] He led the major leagues in hits and doubles (47) while also leading the AL with 121runs scored.[50] As a shortstop, he led the league in fielding percentage (.970),assists (534), anddouble plays (111), although he did not win theGold Glove Award.[50] After the season, he was named the ALMost Valuable Player (MVP), hitting .318 with 27 home runs.[50] Ripken became the first player in MLB history to win Rookie of the Year and MVP Awards in consecutive seasons.
Ripken made the playoffs for the first time as the Orioles won theAL East in 1983.[51] The Orioles defeated the White Sox in theALCS before beating thePhiladelphia Phillies four games to one in the1983 World Series. In the series, Ripken hit just .167 with no homers and only one RBI.[52] Although not contributing significantly in the World Series with his bat, he made a number of key plays defensively at shortstop, including the final out of the series on aGarry Maddox lineout in Game 5.[53] Before the 1984 season, Ripken signed a four-year contract for "about" $1 million a year, the largest contract the Orioles had ever given to a player of his age.[54] Again, he was named to the All-Star Game.[55]
He racked up another fine season, batting .304 with 27 home runs, 86 RBIs, and 103 runs scored.[55] Although he failed to win a Gold Glove, he set an AL record with 583 assists.[55] The Orioles had a winning record but only managed to finish in fifth place.[55] Ripken's streak nearly came to an end in 1985. Against theTexas Rangers in the second game of the season, he sprained his ankle on a fielding play. Ripken finished the game, but afterward, Dr. Charles Silverstein ordered him to rest for 24 hours. However, the Orioles had an off day after that game, and Ripken was back for their next game.[56] During the season, Ripken was managed by his father when Cal Sr. filled in betweenJoe Altobelli and Weaver for one game on June 14.[57] Ripken finished the year batting .282 with 26 home runs and 110 RBIs while also leading the league with 123 double plays and 286putouts.[58]
During June 1986, Ripken recorded a 17-gamehitting streak.[59] It was a tough season for the Orioles, as they finished last for the first time in their tenure in Baltimore.[60] In a speech to the team before theAll-Star break, Weaver criticized the healthy players on the team for not hitting, except Ripken. "Do you know the kid hasn't missed an infield practice all year? Now, he's going to the All-Star Game," Weaver said.[61] He batted .282 with 81 RBIs, a drop partly because the Orioles scored 110 fewer runs than the year before. He was the first Oriole other thanEddie Murray since 1979 to lead the team in home runs, with 25.[60]
Cal Ripken Sr. replaced the retired Weaver as manager of the Orioles at the beginning of the 1987 season. That year, Ripken Sr. became the first manager to write two of his sons into the lineup card when both Ripken Jr. and his brother and fellow Oriole,Billy Ripken, played in the same game on July 11.[62] Later in the season, Ripken Sr. decided to take Ripken Jr. out of the game on September 14, in a blow-out loss to theToronto Blue Jays atExhibition Stadium.Ron Washington replaced him in the eighth inning, ending Ripken's streak of 8,243 consecutive innings played.[63] Ripken Sr. called the streak a "burden" after the game, saying, "I had to do it sometime."[63] Consecutive innings streaks have not always been recorded, but Ripken's remains unchallenged by historians.[63] Ripken finished the year batting a career-low .252, but he still hit 27 home runs, had 98 RBIs, andwalked a career-high 81 times. He also recorded a .982 fielding percentage.[64]
The Orioles considered having Ripken replaceRay Knight at third base in 1988, but they decided to keep him at shortstop.[65] After the Orioles started the season 0–6, Ripken Sr. was fired and replaced byFrank Robinson.[66] The Orioles started the year 0–21, with Ripken slumping as well to open the season.[67] He finished the year batting just .264, although he led major league shortstops with 23 home runs and 81 RBIs.[68] He also had a particularly memorable play in the All-Star Game, making a tremendous catch and strong throw to retireWill Clark in the second inning.[69]Ken Rosenthal ofThe Baltimore Sun called it "the gem of the evening."[69]
During the 1988 season, Ripken had signed a three-year contract with an option for a fourth year, preventing him from being afree agent at season's end.[70] On August 2, 1989, he and Billy combined for seven hits against theBoston Red Sox, with Cal Jr. providing a game-winning hit late in the game.[71] That was an AL record for hits by brothers; the major league record was held byLloyd andPaul Waner, who had eight on June 25, 1932.[71] Fifteen days later, he passedSteve Garvey by playing in his 1,208th straight game, moving to third on baseball's all-time list behindLou Gehrig andEverett Scott.[72] Despite this accomplishment, Ray Robinson ofThe New York Times wrote, "Few regarded Ripken... or anyone else, as the successor to the Iron Horse."[73] The Orioles, after posting three straight losing seasons, contended for the playoffs most of the year before missing out in the final week of the season.[74] Ripken slumped in September, as he had only seven hits in his final 55at bats.[74] He batted .257 in 1989 but was especially impressive for his fielding; he once went 47 games in a row without an error and finished the year with a .990 fielding percentage.[75]
Ripken slumped offensively in 1990, batting .209 through his first 59 games.[76] However, throughout the year, he impressed players and fans with his fielding.[76] On June 12, he brokeMark Belanger's Baltimore record for most consecutive errorless chances by a shortstop.[76] He went 67 straight games before experiencing what was originally scored an error on June 26.[77] However,official scorer Bill Steka decided the error was reallyMike Devereaux's fault and changed the call the next day.[77] Ripken continued the streak to 95 games, breaking the Major League record for shortstops and setting the AL record for infielders other than third basemen.[78] On June 12, he also passed Scott to move into second place all-time for consecutive games played. The milestone came atMemorial Stadium; however, the fansbooed him because of his offensive slump.[76] Ripken finished the year batting .250, leading the Orioles with 21 home runs, 84 RBIs, 150 hits, and 78 runs scored.[79] He and Billy tied for the team lead with 28 doubles.[79] Ripken committed only three errors in 1990, shattering the previous record of six in a season. Despite his fielding accomplishments,Ozzie Guillén, who had committed 17 errors, won the Gold Glove Award.[80] Some felt that Ripken should have won the award:Tim Kurkjian called the vote a "crime", andBobby Valentine stated that he was, "embarrassed by the actions of my peers."[80]
Ripken had a career year in 1991.[81] Through the All-Star break, his batting average was .348, making him the first shortstop to be leading the league in average through that point sinceLou Boudreau in 1947.[82] He finished the season by hitting .323 with a career-high 34 home runs and 114 RBIs.[81] In addition, Ripken hit 46 doubles,stole a career-high six bases, and hit five triples while posting his career lowest strikeout rate and fewest strikeouts in a season with 600 or more plate appearances.[81] He became the first Major League shortstop ever to tally 30 home runs and 200 or more hits or 30 home runs and 40 or more doubles.[81]
Ripken won his second AL MVP award, his first Gold Glove Award, theAll-Star Game MVP Award (going two for three including a three-run home run offDennis Martínez), theGatorade Home Run Derby contest (hitting a then-record 12 home runs in 22 swings, including seven consecutive homers to start the contest),Louisville Slugger "Silver Slugger Award",Associated Press (AP) Player of the Year Award, andThe Sporting News Player of the Year Award.[83] The only other player in MLB history to win all those awards in the same season, excluding the Home Run Derby, wasMaury Wills in 1962.[84]
Ripken's home run off of former Orioles and thenMontreal Expos pitcherDennis Martínez was the defining moment of American League's 4–2 victory in the1991 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. As a result, Ripken was the first player to win both the Home Run Derby and All-Star Game MVP Award in the same year.[22] As for his regular-season MVP award, he was the first to win the award in the American League while playing with a sub-.500 club; the Orioles finished in sixth place that year with a 67–95 record. Ripken was only the second player to be named league MVP on a team with a losing record;Andre Dawson was the first in 1987, winning the NL MVP with the last-placeChicago Cubs.[85]
At the end of the 1991 season,Memorial Stadium, the Orioles' home since 1954, saw its last MLB game against the Tigers. Ripken was the last Oriole to bat at the stadium, hitting into a double play against Detroit'sFrank Tanana on October 6, 1991.[86]
During the 1992 season, Ripken and the Orioles tried to work out a new contract.[87] Several times throughout the season, Ripken endured batting slumps.[87] He said after the season, "I don't like to make excuses for the fact that I wasn't hitting, but I was distracted ... I just felt like the Orioles were playing mind games with me. Whether that was right or wrong, it was bothering me."[88] On August 22, Ripken finally signed a five-year, $30.5 million contract, the largest in baseball history at the time.[89] Ripken's slumps continued, and he was even booed by Orioles fans late in the season.[90] He finished the year batting .251 with career-lows in home runs (14) and RBIs (72).[91] The Orioles contended for the playoffs much of the year, and were not eliminated until September 27.[92] However, he did win his second Gold Glove Award.[93]
For the first time in Ripken's career, he became the only Ripken in the Orioles' organization, as the Orioles ousted his father as coach and traded Billy to Texas.[94] His slump continued at the start of the 1993 season, but Ripken managed to get out of it in May by adopting a taller batting stance.[95] Because of his early-season struggles, some criticized him for playing every day.[96]Bobby Bonds said of Ripken's playing every day, "That's idiotic. If I were his manager, he'd be out of there."[96] Oriole coachDavey Lopes responded that only Ripken could tell whether or not he needed a day off.[96]
On June 6, Ripken injured his knee during a brawl against theSeattle Mariners and was convinced for most of the next day that he would be unable to play.[97] However, the knee felt better at gametime, enabling the streak to continue.[97] Ripken achieved a personal milestone on July 10, when he collected his 2,000th career hit, during a game atOriole Park at Camden Yards againstWilson Álvarez of the White Sox.[98] Because of Ripken's struggles, most managers and some sportswriters felt he should be left out of the All-Star Game in Baltimore that year; however, the fans gave him more than two million votes to ensure his spot.[99] Following the All-Star break, Ripken's hitting improved greatly, as he batted .300 with 14 home runs and 46 RBIs for the rest of the season.[100] He finished the year batting .257 with 24 home runs and 90 RBIs.[101]
Before the 1994 season, theElias Sports Bureau informed the Orioles that Ripken had surpassedErnie Banks for most career home runs as a shortstop with his 278th on July 15 againstScott Erickson.[102] Banks met Ripken at a ceremony on February 9 and said, "I'm extremely happy that he broke this record because it give me a chance to come back and be remembered too."[102] Ripken started the season strong, batting .340 with 19 RBIs through April.[103] On May 24, Ripken had six RBIs, including his 300th home run againstTeddy Higuera, as the Orioles rallied from a 5–0 deficit to defeat the Brewers 13–5.[104] On August 1, he played in his 2,000th consecutive game, a 1–0 victory over the Twins at theMetrodome.[105] Through 112 games, Ripken batted .315 with 13 home runs and 75 RBIs before the1994–95 Major League Baseball strike canceled the rest of the season.[106]
Many baseball fans within and outside of the United States tuned intoESPN to watch Ripken surpassLou Gehrig's 56-year-old record for consecutive games played (2,130 games). The game, between the Orioles and theCalifornia Angels, still ranks as one of the network's most-watched baseball games (baseball's most-watched game was Game 7 of the1986 World Series). Cal's children, Rachel and Ryan, threw out the ceremonial first balls. Both PresidentBill Clinton andVice PresidentAl Gore were at the game; Clinton was with the commentators on ESPN for the Orioles' half of the fourth inning.[107]
The Orioles erected special box seats for the game to raise money for the Johns Hopkins University to studyLou Gehrig's disease.[107] When the game became official after the bottom of the fifth inning, the numerical banners that displayed Ripken's streak on the wall of theBaltimore & Ohio Warehouse at Camden Yards outside the stadium's right-field wall changed from 2130 to 2131.[108][109]
Ripken received a standing ovation from the crowd, the opposing players, and the umpires that lasted more than 22 minutes, one of the longest standing ovations for any athlete; ESPN did not go to a commercial break during the entire ovation. During the ovation, Ripken did a lap around the entire Camden Yards warning track to shake hands and give high-fives to the fans.[109]
After the game concluded, there was an elaborate ceremony which included a number of speeches from dignitaries includingJoe DiMaggio, a teammate of Gehrig.[110] During his speech, Ripken said, "Tonight I stand here, overwhelmed, as my name is linked with the great and courageous Lou Gehrig. I'm truly humbled to have our names spoken in the same breath. This year has been unbelievable. I've been cheered in ballparks all over the country. People not only showed me their kindness, but more importantly, they demonstrated their love of the game of baseball. I give my thanks to baseball fans everywhere. Tonight, I want to make sure you know how I feel. As I grew up here, I not only had dreams of being a big league ballplayer, but also of being a Baltimore Oriole. For all of your support over the years, I want to thank you, the fans of Baltimore, from the bottom of my heart. This is the greatest place to play."[111]
Reflecting on that evening after his election to the Hall of Fame, Ripken said, "Bobby Bonilla andRafael Palmeiro pushed me out of the dugout and said, 'Hey, if you don't do a lap around this thing, we'll never get the game started.' I thought it was a ridiculous sort of thing ... but as I started to do it, the celebration of 50,000 started to be very one-on-one and very personal. I started seeing people I knew ... Those were the people that had been around the ballpark all those years, and it was really a wonderful human experience."[62]
Ripken hit .262 in 1995 with 17 home runs and had 88 RBIs.[112]
.jpg)
Ripken began the 1996 season slowly, but his playing improved as the season went on.[113] On June 14 atKauffman Stadium in Kansas City against the Royals, Ripken broke the world record of consecutive games played by playing in his 2,216th. The record had been held bySachio Kinugasa of Japan. Kinugasa was at the game to watch Ripken break his record.[114] On July 15, Ripken was moved to third base as an experiment, withManny Alexander taking the shortstop position.[115] He was told the change would be permanent but was moved back to shortstop after Alexander had one hit in his six games at shortstop.[116]
Ripken appeared in 163 games during the regular season in 1996, batting .278 with 26 home runs, 102 RBIs, and a .980 fielding percentage at shortstop.[112] He returned to the playoffs for the first time in 13 years as the Orioles won the ALWild Card. In theAL Division Series, Baltimore defeated Cleveland in four games, with Ripken batting .444 in the series.[112][117] His average fell to .250 in theALCS as the Orioles were defeated in five games by the Yankees.[118]
In 1997, the Orioles signed free-agent shortstopMike Bordick from theOakland Athletics and moved Ripken back to third base permanently.[113] General managerPat Gillick said that the move was made not because of problems by Ripken but because more defensive options were available at shortstop than at third base.[113] Had Ripken not wanted to move back to third base, the Orioles likely would have signedTim Naehring instead.[113]
Ripken was scheduled to become a free agent following the 1997 season, but at the start of the year he agreed to a two-year extension with the Orioles.[119] During the season, he suffered from nerve damage that at times kept him from being able to sit on the bench.[120] However, he did not miss a game and batted .270 with 17 home runs and 84 RBIs as the Orioles again made the playoffs—this time by winning the AL East.[112][121] Ripken batted .438 as the Orioles defeated the Mariners in four games in theALDS.[112] He batted .348 and hit a home run in theALCS, but the Orioles fell to Cleveland in six games.[112]
Ripken batted .271 with 14 home runs and 61 RBIs in 1998.[112] On September 20, before the final home game of the season against the Yankees, Ripken decided to end his streak at 2,632 games, having surpassed Gehrig's previous record by 502 games. Rookie third basemanRyan Minor started in his place, at first thinking it was a rookie prank. Realizing that the streak was coming to an end, the fans, his teammates, and the visiting Yankees (withDavid Wells being the first to notice that Ripken was not playing during batting practice) gave Ripken an ovation after the game's first out was recorded. Ripken later stated that he decided to end the streak at the end of the season to avoid any offseason controversy about his playing status and to end the streak entirely on his own terms while he still could.[122] Ripken returned to the lineup for the final seven games of the season, on the road against theToronto Blue Jays andBoston Red Sox.
In 1999, Ripken had the highest batting average of his career, at .340.[112] Although he was injured at both the beginning and the end of the 1999 season and also mourned the loss of his father and former coach Cal Ripken Sr. only a few days before 1999's opening game, he hit 18 homers in 332 at-bats (one HR every 18.4 AB's).[112][123][124][125] He had the best individual game of his career, going 6-for-6 with two home runs offJohn Smoltz and tying a club record with 13total bases against theAtlanta Braves on June 13.[126] On September 2, he hit the 400th home run of his career againstRolando Arrojo of theTampa Bay Devil Rays.[127]
Ripken's 1999 season ended early due to injury when he was only nine hits away from joining the3,000 hit club.[128] He achieved the milestone early in the 2000 season in the April 15 game against the Twins at theMetrodome when he singled off relieverHéctor Carrasco;Eddie Murray, another member of the club and the Orioles' first-base coach, was the first to congratulate him. Ripken had a good night at the plate, recording three hits, the third of which was the milestone.[129] Ripken missed all of July and August with a back injury. He was selected to the All-Star Game but sat out because of the injury, marking the first All-Star Game that he missed since his rookie season.[130][131] In 83 games, Ripken batted .256 (his lowest total since 1992) with 15 home runs and 56 RBIs.[112]
In June 2001, Ripken announced he would retire at the end of the season.[132] He was voted the starting third baseman in the All-Star Game at Seattle'sSafeco Field on July 10, 2001.[133] In a tribute to Ripken's achievements and stature in the game, shortstopAlex Rodriguez (unknowingly foreshadowing his own future) insisted on exchanging positions with third baseman Ripken for the first inning, so that Ripken could play shortstop as he had for most of his career. That move allowed Ripken to claim the record of most MLB All-Star Game appearances at shortstop. In the third inning, Ripken made his first plate appearance and was greeted with a standing ovation. Ripken then homered off the first pitch fromChan Ho Park. Ripken ended up with All-Star MVP honors, becoming one of four players in MLB history with multiple All-Star Game MVP Awards (1991 and 2001) and the only player to be named All-Star Game MVP in two different decades.[134]
The Orioles planned to retire Ripken's #8 in a ceremony before the final home game of the 2001 season, in late September. Ripken's final game was originally set to be played atYankee Stadium; however, theSeptember 11, 2001, attacks led to the postponement of a week's worth of games. The games missed were added onto the end of the season's schedule. Because all the games the Orioles missed were at home, this changed the location of Ripken's final game to Oriole Park, much to the delight of Orioles fans.[135] On October 6, Ripken ended his career in the on-deck circle in the bottom of the ninth inning, with 48,807 fans in attendance.[136] Longtime teammateBrady Anderson, also playing in his last game for the Orioles, swung and missed on a fastball high and tight on a 3–2 count to end the game.[137] After the game, Ripken gave a speech thanking the fans for their support over 20 seasons.[138] Ripken was healthier in his final season than he had been over his last two, as he appeared in 128 games. He batted a career-low .239 with 14 home runs and 68 RBIs.[112]
Throughout his career, Ripken has contributed his time and money to numerous charitable organizations. Following the signing of his new contract in 1984, Ripken announced he would distribute 1984 Orioles tickets to underprivileged children in Harford County, donate to the Harford Center, and donate to theBaltimore School for the Performing Arts.[139] In 1988, he and wife Kelly founded the Cal Ripken Jr., Lifelong Learning Center, which is dedicated to teaching adults to read.[140] In 1992, MLB recognized him with theRoberto Clemente Award.[141] In 1997, Ripken received the Golden Plate Award of theAmerican Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council members and Baltimore Orioles co-ownersPeter Angelos andTom Clancy.[142][143]
Ripken has made donations to many various charitable causes, including donations supporting research onLou Gehrig's disease. After he broke Gehrig's record, the Orioles, along with private donors, created the Cal Ripken/Lou Gehrig Fund for Neuromuscular Research at Johns Hopkins University.[144] Along with his brother Billy, he formed the Cal Ripken Sr., Foundation in 2001 to give underprivileged children the opportunity to attend baseball camps around the country and learn the game. The Foundation is a branch of Ripken Baseball.[145]
In addition to controlling these camps and Ripken's minor league teams, Ripken Baseball operates for-profit camps and designs ballfields for youth, college, and professional teams.[146] He gives speeches about his time in baseball and some of the lessons he has learned. Between 2001 and 2004, inclusive, Ripken served ascommissioner of theWhite House Tee Ball Initiative of PresidentGeorge W. Bush, in which capacity he worked to promote the value of teamwork amongst players and volunteership amongst the public and helped to teachtee ball fundamentals to teams of children at theWhite House.[147]
In 2007, Ripken, along withAndre Agassi,Muhammad Ali,Lance Armstrong,Warrick Dunn,Mia Hamm,Jeff Gordon,Tony Hawk,Andrea Jaeger,Jackie Joyner-Kersee,Mario Lemieux, andAlonzo Mourning founded Athletes for Hope, a charitable organization, which helps professional athletes get involved in charitable causes and inspires millions of non-athletes to volunteer and support the community.[148] Ripken also announced a partnership withReviving Baseball in Inner Cities, with the donation ofUS$1 million in cash and equipment from the Cal Ripken Sr. Foundation.[149]
.jpg)
On August 13, 2007, Secretary of StateCondoleezza Rice announced that Ripken had been named Special Sports Envoy for theUS State Department and that he would be going to China in October: "... we're just delighted that somebody of Cal Ripken's stature is going to be someone who will go out and represent America so well and represent what we consider to be American values, butuniversal values; that hard work and diligence and the willingness to really put it all on the line every day is something that kids need to learn", said Rice.[150][151]
"A Shortstop in China" premiered on theMid-Atlantic Sports Network on May 8, 2009, chronicling Ripken's trip to China to share the game of baseball with youth and coaches while nurturing American-Chinese diplomacy.[152] The documentary included footage from the 11 clinics Cal and former OrioleB. J. Surhoff held fromBeijing toGuangzhou.[153] The documentary also showed Ripken accepting his appointment from Rice and featured a variety of interviews, from Ripken's wife Kelly to former Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs,Karen Hughes.[152]
On May 31, 2008, Ripken received anhonorary Doctor of Humanities degree from theUniversity of Delaware and served as the university's commencement speaker.[154] On May 19, 2013, Ripken received anhonorary Doctor of Public Service degree from theUniversity of Maryland while serving as the university's general commencement speaker.[155]
In an interview with Ray Robinson, Ripken said, "My personal philosophy is to get a feeling of fulfillment through my work. I have a desire to create something. I guess that's why I've long been fascinated by two books,The Fountainhead andAtlas Shrugged [both byAyn Rand]. The leading figure inThe Fountainhead, an architect named Howard Roark, is someone I've thought about a good deal."[73]
At 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m), 225 lb (102 kg), Ripken was a departure from the prototypical shortstop of the time—small, fleet-of-foot players who played a defensively difficult position but often did not post the home run and batting average totals that an outfielder might. Power hitting shortstops such asAlex Rodriguez,Nomar Garciaparra andMiguel Tejada are often seen by fans to be part of Ripken's legacy.[62][156][157]
Nonetheless, Ripken demonstrated the ability to play excellent defense at shortstop, and as a result remained a fixture there for well over a decade, leading the league in assists several times, winning the Gold Glove twice, and, in 1990, setting the MLB record for best fielding percentage in a season at his position.[55][78][93] Though not a flashy fielder, Ripken displayed excellent fundamentals, and studied batters and even his own pitching staff so he could position himself to compensate for his lack of physical speed.[158] Ripken's legacy as a fielder is reflected by his place near the top of almost every defensive statistical category—he holds at least one all-time record (for either season, career, or most seasons leading the league) in assists, putouts, fielding percentage, double plays, and fewest errors. Ripken's careerrange factor was 4.73 (and as high as 5.50 for a single season), a mark few shortstops have reached.[112]
Ripken's power, which led to records such as most home runs by a shortstop and 13th place in career doubles, had consequences. His propensity to drive the ball often led to his grounders getting to fielders quickly for tailor-made double-play balls. In 1999, Ripken passedHank Aaron as the player who had grounded into the most double plays in his career (a record that was again broken byAlbert Pujols in 2017).[159] Ripken is third on the fielding side for double plays by a shortstop (1565, behindOmar Vizquel's 1734 andOzzie Smith's 1590).[160]
Ripken was also notable for never settling on a signature batting stance during his long career. Sometimes referred to as "the man of 1,000 stances", Ripken would change his stance in response to a slump, or if his current choice "didn't feel good."[161] When asked about his propensity for experimentation during an interview, Ripken responded that a batting stance "was only a starting point".[161]
.jpg)
A poll of fans byMLB.com ranked Ripken's 2,131st straight game the "Most Memorable Moment" in MLB history, leading such moments as Gehrig's farewell speech in 1939 andJackie Robinson's breaking of the color barrier in 1947.[162] 46,272 baseball fans attended this game and were able to witness this historical moment in person.[163] The write-up in the 1996Sporting News Baseball Guide, which was written shortly after Ripken set the record, called the streak "what almost everyone considered the high point of the major league season."[164] In 2005, the Orioles honored Ripken on the 10th anniversary of his 2,131st consecutive game. After the top of the fifth inning, the numbers 2130 on the warehouse behind the stadium changed to 2131, just as they did on September 6, 1995.[165]
Ripken has stated that he never felt comfortable being compared to Gehrig.
Lou has monstrous numbers and was likeBabe Ruth. How was it possible to compare him to me? But I realized what we did share is playing in consecutive games. It was still uncomfortable for me. When you're mentioned with him, I'm not sure you fully understand what it means.[166]
Billy and Cal Ripken are one of only four two-brother combinations in major league history to play second base/shortstop on the same club. The others areGarvin andGranny Hamner for thePhiladelphia Phillies in 1945; the twinsEddie andJohnny O'Brien with thePittsburgh Pirates in the mid-1950s, andFrank andMilt Bolling for theDetroit Tigers in 1958.[167]
On January 9, 2007, Ripken waselected to theHall of Fame, appearing on 537 out of 545 of the ballots cast (98.53%), eight votes short of a unanimous selection. His percentage is the sixth-highest in history, behindMariano Rivera (100%),Derek Jeter andIchiro Suzuki (99.75%),Ken Griffey Jr. (99.32%),Tom Seaver (98.84%), andNolan Ryan (98.79%).Tony Gwynn, who was appearing on his first ballot as well, was chosen alongside Ripken. Both Hall of Fame-Elects were formally inducted on July 29, 2007.[168] The induction ceremony was attended by a record 75,000 people including special guests of Ripken:John Travolta,Kelly Preston,Steve Geppi, and Ron Shapiro (Ripken's agent during his career).[169][170]
Ripken has received several tributes outside of baseball. On September 23, 2001, theNASCAR Winston Cup series andMBNA renamed thefall race at Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware, naming the race theMBNA Cal Ripken Jr. 400. The race paid tribute to the legacy of Ripken, who was in attendance greeting the competing drivers as they crossed the stage during driver introductions. DriverBobby Labonte had a special paint scheme on his #18Interstate Batteries car featuring Baltimore Orioles colors along with Ripken's retirement seal. The race was won byDale Earnhardt Jr., who was then driving the #8 car. The race was also the first race held after the September 11, 2001, attacks as the race scheduled for Loudon a week earlier had been postponed in the wake of the attacks.[171] On March 30, 2008,I-395's eastern branch inBaltimore, fromI-95 to Conway Street, was namedCal Ripken Way.[172]
Because of Ripken's success during his career, he became a prominent advertising figure, appearing inich advertisements for brands such asNike,Chevrolet,True Value Hardware,Wheaties,PowerAde, and other companies, some of which were small, Maryland businesses. These advertisements would often stress Ripken's "dependability, durability, and wholesomeness", linking that to their product. Ripken became an emblem to Americans through his hard work, loyalty to the Orioles, and his charity off the field.[173]
Ripken was humble about his success, once saying,
I have talent, no doubt. My advantage is that I know the game well. The reason is that I grew up in it and had a good teacher in my father. I'm sure that whatever I am as a man and a ballplayer comes from the way I was raised. But am I a superstar? Oh, no. I don't think I stack up with the great players in the league.
— Cal Ripken Jr., Macnow, p. 60
Author Glen Macnow responded to Ripken's comments by writing, "Anyone who has seen Cal Ripken Jr. play knows differently."[174]
Ripken was married to Kelly Geer.[175] They have a daughter, Rachel,[176] and a son, Ryan.[177] On April 28, 2016, Ripken and Geer finalized their divorce after a one-year separation.[178]
In 2018 Ripken married Laura Kiessling, who is a judge in the Appellate Court of Maryland. They have four children between them and reside in Annapolis, Maryland.[179]
.jpg)
His son Ryan was also a baseball player, and was drafted by the Orioles in the 20th round ofMajor League Baseball's 2012 amateur draft.[180] He chose to attend college instead, beginning his first year at theUniversity of South Carolina in 2012.[177] He transferred toIndian River Community College and was drafted in the 15th round of theMajor League Baseball's 2014 amateur draft by theWashington Nationals.[181] After being released by the Nationals in March 2017, he signed with the Orioles and was assigned to theAberdeen Ironbirds, which were owned by his father, and played ata stadium that carries the family name.[182] Ryan advanced as high as the AAANorfolk Tides in 2021, but after going unsigned through the following offseason, he announced his retirement from professional baseball.[182]
Ripken's mother, Violet Ripken, was kidnapped at gunpoint and safely returned on July 24, 2012. She was gone for 12 hours before her disappearance was reported to authorities.[183] On October 15, 2013, she was approached by a man with a handgun in a parking lot at the NBRS Bank inAberdeen, Maryland. The man demanded her car, but he fled after she activated akey alarm. She was unharmed. A spokesman for the Aberdeen Police said the two incidents appeared unrelated.[184]
In 2020, Ripken announced that he had undergone successful treatment for prostate cancer.[185]
Ripken has written or cowritten 17 books, and contributed forewords to numerous others. After the 1996 season, he released an autobiography titledThe Only Way I Know, co-written with Mike Bryan, which was aNew York Times Best Seller.[186][187] Following his retirement, he wrote several more, includingPlay Baseball the Ripken Way: The Complete Illustrated Guide to the Fundamentals, also written by his brother Billy and co-authored by Larry Burke, in 2005. He released the bookParenting Young Athletes the Ripken Way, co-written with Rick Wolff, in 2006 after seeing too many young athletes who he felt were being pressured unnecessarily by their parents. He said, "I was thinking, 'This just creates too much pressure on kids.' They need to find an environment in which they can explore their game ... without all these kinds of pressures being brought to bear. Once I started thinking about it, I saw we had more than enough to fill a book."[188] Then in 2007, he released three books, starting withCoaching Youth Baseball the Ripken Way, also written by his brother Billy and co-authored by Scott Lowe, which highlights 50 practice drills, topics include coaching responsibly, goal setting for youth, and effective practice planning.[189] Later, in April of that year, he released two more books:Get in the Game: 8 Elements of Perseverance That Make the Difference, co-written with Donald T. Phillips, described as a motivational guide to success; andThe Longest Season, co-written with Ron Mazellan, a children's book aboutthe Orioles' 1988 season.[190] In 2011, he releasedHothead, a children's fiction book co-written withKevin Cowherd which was also aNew York Times bestseller.[191] In addition, he has been writing a weekly youth sports advicenewspaper column in theBaltimore Sun since 2005.[192]
In addition to his writing, Ripken has been the subject of several books. In 1995, Harvey Rosenfeld released a biography on him entitledIron Man: The Cal Ripken Jr., Story.[193] Later, in 2007, Jeff Seidel released a biography on him entitled,Iron Man: Cal Ripken Jr., a Tribute.[194] A children's biography of Ripken,Cal Ripken Jr., Quiet Hero was published in 1993 by Lois Nicholson.[195] In addition, Ripken has been the subject of scholarly publications analyzing the impact of his career.[173][196]
Ripken owns several minor league baseball teams. In 2002, he purchased theUtica Blue Sox of theNew York–Penn League and moved them to his hometown of Aberdeen, renaming them theAberdeen IronBirds. The team is the High-A affiliate team in the Orioles' system and plays atRipken Stadium.[197] On June 28, 2005, he announced that he was purchasing theAugusta GreenJackets of theSouth Atlantic League, a Single-A affiliate of theSan Francisco Giants.[198] At the end of the 2008 season, Ripken purchased theVero Beach Devil Rays of the Single-A advancedFlorida State League and moved them toPort Charlotte, Florida, where they were renamed theCharlotte Stone Crabs.[199][200]
On January 10, 2007, Ripken expressed interest in purchasing the Baltimore Orioles if current ownerPeter Angelos were to sell the team. He had yet to be approached as of 2013 about the potential purchase of the team.[201] Though he had not purchased them, Ripken was quoted in a July 17, 2010,Associated Press article as saying he would consider rejoining the Orioles part-time as an advisor and full-time after his son graduated from high school in 2012.[202]
In October 2007, Ripken began working as a studio analyst forTBS Sports during the 2007 Major League Baseball playoffs.[203] He continued to serve in the role as of 2013[update].[204]
Ripken was on the board of directors ofZeniMax Media until 2021.[205][206] On February 28, 2008, Ripken announced his venture into the massively multiplayer online sports game market withCal Ripken's Real Baseball.[207]
In 2013, Ripken sold the Augusta GreenJackets to Agon Sports & Entertainment.[208] In 2016, Ripken sold the Charlotte Stone Crabs to Caribbean Baseball Initiative headed by Lou Schwechheimer.[209]
The Ripken Experience is a group of sports complexes. The first opened inAberdeen, Maryland. A second location with nine baseball fields is located inMyrtle Beach, South Carolina. Opened in 2006, it cost $26 million with $7 million more spent since then. A third location was set to open in summer 2016 inPigeon Forge, Tennessee.[210][needs update]
In January 2024,John P. Angelos reached a $1.725 billion deal to sell theBaltimore Orioles to a group led byDavid Rubenstein. The group included Ripken,Michael Bloomberg, former Baltimore MayorKurt Schmoke, New York investment manager Michael Arougheti and NBA legendGrant Hill.[211][212][213] It was not immediately clear how large Ripken's stake will be or what sort of role he will have.[214] By March 2024, Ripken agreed to serve as an advisor with the team.[215]
| Award / Honor | Time(s) | Date(s) |
|---|---|---|
| American LeagueAll-Star | 19 | 1983–2001[112] |
| American LeagueSilver Slugger Award (SS) | 8 | 1983–86, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1994[112] |
| American LeagueMost Valuable Player | 2 | 1983, 1991[112] |
| MLB All-Star Game Most Valuable Player | 2 | 1991, 2001[134] |
| American LeagueGold Glove Award (SS) | 2 | 1991, 1992[93] |
| The Sporting News' MLB Player of the Year | 2 | 1983, 1991[84] |
| American LeagueRookie of the Year | 1 | 1982[112] |
| Roberto Clemente Award | 1 | 1992[141] |
| Lou Gehrig Memorial Award | 1 | 1992[216] |
| Sports Illustrated magazine's "Sportsman of the Year" | 1 | 1995[217] |
| Associated Press "Athlete of the Year" | 1 | 1995[217] |
| The Sporting News' "Sportsman of the Year" | 1 | 1995[217] |
| Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award | 1 | 2001[218] |
| Stan Musial Lifetime Achievement Award For Sportsmanship | 1 | 2016[219] |
1997: Cal Ripken, Jr. receiving the Golden Plate Award presented by Host Co-Chairmen bestselling author Tom Clancy and Baltimore Orioles owner Peter G. Angelos during the Academy's International Achievement Summit.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link){{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
| Records | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Most consecutive Major League Baseball starts 1982–1998 | Succeeded by Incumbent |
| Achievements | ||
| Preceded by | Hitting for the cycle May 6, 1984 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| Other | |