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TheCabinet of Iran (Persian:هیئتدولت ایران,romanized: Heyatedovlat-e Iran) is a formal body composed of government officials, ministers, chosen and led by thePresident of Iran. Its composition must be approved by a vote ofparliament. According to theConstitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a president may dismiss members of the cabinet, but must do so in writing, and new appointees must again be approved by parliament. Cabinet meetings are held weekly on Saturdays inTehran and are chaired by the president. There may be additional meetings as circumstances require. TheSupreme Leader of IranAli Khamenei has the power to dismiss cabinet members like ministers,vice presidents and presidents at any time, regardless of parliamentary decisions.[citation needed]
From 1699 until 1907 the Iranian cabinet was led byPremiers who were appointed by theShah of Iran.
ThePersian Constitutional Revolution of 1905 led to the creation of thePersian Constitution of 1906 and the establishment of theIranian parliament, whose members were elected from the general population. The position of premier was abolished and replaced by thePrime Minister of Iran. The constitution stipulated that all Prime Minister must be subject to a vote in parliament for both approval and removal.
During the period 1907 to 1951 all Prime Ministers were selected by the Shah and subject to a vote-of-confidence by the Iranian Parliament. From 1951 to 1953, the members of parliament elected the Prime Minister among themselves (the head of the party holding the majority of seats), through a vote-of-confidence. The Shah, as the head of state, then appointed the parliament's selection to the position of Prime Minister, in accordance with theWestminster system ofparliamentary democracy. Following the removal of Prime MinisterMohammad Mosaddegh via the1953 Iranian coup d'état, this practice was abolished and the selection of Prime Minister reverted to the process in effect before 1951.
Following theIranian Revolution of 1979, the position of Shah was removed as the head of state, effectively ending Iran's history of monarchy. Iran's newIslamic constitution stipulated that thePresident of Iran would nominate the Iranian cabinet, including the Prime Minister, which was to be approved by a vote-of-confidence in the Iranian parliament. Theconstitutional amendment of 1989 effectively ended the position of Prime Minister and transferred its powers to that of the president andvice president.
President Ahmadinejad announced controversial ministerial appointments for his second term.Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei was briefly appointed as first vice president, but opposed by a number of Majlis members and by the intelligence minister,Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i. Mashaei followed orders to resign. Ahmadinejad then appointed Mashaei as chief of staff, and fired Mohseni-Eje'i.[1]
On 26 July 2009, Ahmadinejad's government faced a legal problem after he sacked four ministers.Iran's constitution (Article 136) stipulates that, if more than half of its members are replaced, the cabinet may not meet or act before theMajlis approves the revised membership.[2] TheVice Chairman of the Majlis announced that no cabinet meetings or decisions would be legal, pending such a reapproval.[3]
The main list of 21 cabinet appointments was announced on 19 August 2009.[citation needed] On 4 September, Parliament of Iran approved 18 of the 21 candidates and rejected three of them, including two women.Sousan Keshavarz,Mohammad Aliabadi, andFatemeh Ajorlou were not approved by Parliament for the Ministries of Education, Energy, and Welfare and Social Security respectively.[4]Marzieh Vahid-Dastjerdi won approval ashealth minister, making her Iran's first woman minister since theIslamic revolution.[5]President Ahmadinejad announced controversial ministerial appointments for his second term.Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei was briefly appointed as first vice president, but opposed by a number of Majlis members and by the intelligence minister,Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i. Mashaei followed orders to resign. Ahmadinejad then appointed Mashaei as chief of staff, and fired Mohseni-Eje'i.[6]
On 26 July 2009, Ahmadinejad's government faced a legal problem after he sacked four ministers.Iran's constitution (Article 136) stipulates that, if more than half of its members are replaced, the cabinet may not meet or act before theMajlis approves the revised membership.[7] TheVice Chairman of the Majlis announced that no cabinet meetings or decisions would be legal, pending such a reapproval.[8]
The main list of 21 cabinet appointments was announced on 19 August 2009.[citation needed] On 4 September, Parliament of Iran approved 18 of the 21 candidates and rejected three of them, including two women.Sousan Keshavarz,Mohammad Aliabadi, andFatemeh Ajorlou were not approved by Parliament for the Ministries of Education, Energy, and Welfare and Social Security respectively.[9]Marzieh Vahid-Dastjerdi won approval ashealth minister, making her Iran's first woman minister since theIslamic revolution.[10]
On 9 May, Ahmedinejad announcedMinistries of Petroleum andEnergy would merge, as wouldIndustries and Mines withCommerce, andWelfare withLabour. On 13 May, he dismissedMasoud Mir-Kazemi (Minister of Petroleum),Ali Akbar Mehrabian (Minister Industry and Mines) andSadegh Mahsouli (Minister of Welfare). On 15 May, he was announced he would be caretaker minister of the Petroleum Ministry.[11]
From August 2009 to February 2013, a total of nine ministers in the cabinet was dismissed by the Majlis, the last of who was labor minister,Reza Sheykholeslam at the beginning of February 2013.[12]On 9 May, Ahmedinejad announcedMinistries of Petroleum andEnergy would merge, as wouldIndustries and Mines withCommerce, andWelfare withLabour. On 13 May, he dismissedMasoud Mir-Kazemi (Minister of Petroleum),Ali Akbar Mehrabian (Minister Industry and Mines) andSadegh Mahsouli (Minister of Welfare). On 15 May, he was announced he would be caretaker minister of the Petroleum Ministry.[13]
From August 2009 to February 2013, nine ministers in the cabinet were dismissed by the Majlis, the last of who was labor minister,Reza Sheykholeslam at the beginning of February 2013.[14]
Hassan Rouhani was elected asPresident of Iran in2013 presidential election and took office on 3 August 2013. He nominated his coalition cabinet members to theparliament for vote of confidence on the next day. 15 out of 18 designated ministers were confirmed by the parliament.
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