The protein encoded by this gene, CXCL5 is a smallcytokine belonging to theCXC chemokine family that is also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activatingpeptide 78 (ENA-78). It is produced following stimulation of cells with the inflammatory cytokinesinterleukin-1 ortumor necrosis factor-alpha.[7] Expression of CXCL5 has also been observed ineosinophils, and can be inhibited with the type IIinterferonIFN-γ.[8] This chemokine stimulates the chemotaxis ofneutrophils possessingangiogenic properties. It elicits these effects by interacting with the cell surfacechemokine receptorCXCR2.[8] Thegene for CXCL5 has fourexons and is located on humanchromosome 4 amongst several other CXC chemokine genes.[7][9] CXCL5 has been implicated inconnective tissue remodelling.[8] CXCL5 has been also described to regulate neutrophil homeostasis.[10]
CXCL5 plays a role in reducing sensitivity tosunburn pain in some subjects, and is a "potential target which can be utilized to understand more about pain in otherinflammatory conditions likearthritis andcystitis.".[11] CXCL5 is well known to havechemotactic and activating functions on neutrophil, mainly during acute inflammatory responses. However CXCL5 expression is also higher inatherosclerosis (a chronic inflammatory condition) but is not associated with neutrophil infiltration. Instead CXCL5 has a protective role in atherosclerosis by directly controlling macrophagefoam cell formation.[12]
^abcPersson T, Monsef N, Andersson P, Bjartell A, Malm J, Calafat J, Egesten A (2003). "Expression of the neutrophil-activating CXC chemokine ENA-78/CXCL5 by human eosinophils".Clin. Exp. Allergy.33 (4):531–7.doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01609.x.PMID12680872.S2CID2449190.
^O'Donovan N, Galvin M, Morgan JG (1999). "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4".Cytogenet. Cell Genet.84 (1–2):39–42.doi:10.1159/000015209.PMID10343098.S2CID8087808.
Walz A, Schmutz P, Mueller C, Schnyder-Candrian S (1997). "Regulation and function of the CXC chemokine ENA-78 in monocytes and its role in disease".J. Leukoc. Biol.62 (5):604–11.doi:10.1002/jlb.62.5.604.PMID9365115.S2CID20141618.
Power CA, Furness RB, Brawand C, Wells TN (1995). "Cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding the neutrophil-activating peptide ENA-78 from human platelets".Gene.151 (1–2):333–4.doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90682-3.PMID7828901.
Corbett MS, Schmitt I, Riess O, Walz A (1995). "Characterization of the gene for human neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78)".Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.205 (1):612–7.doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2709.PMID7999089.
Power CA, Clemetson JM, Clemetson KJ, Wells TN (1996). "Chemokine and chemokine receptor mRNA expression in human platelets".Cytokine.7 (6):479–82.doi:10.1006/cyto.1995.0065.PMID8580362.
Keates S, Keates AC, Mizoguchi E, et al. (1997). "Enterocytes are the primary source of the chemokine ENA-78 in normal colon and ulcerative colitis".Am. J. Physiol.273 (1 Pt 1): G75–82.doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.1.G75.PMID9252512.
Wuyts A, Proost P, Lenaerts JP, et al. (1998). "Differential usage of the CXC chemokine receptors 1 and 2 by interleukin-8, granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 and epithelial-cell-derived neutrophil attractant-78".Eur. J. Biochem.255 (1):67–73.doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2550067.x.PMID9692902.
Wuyts A, Govaerts C, Struyf S, et al. (1999). "Isolation of the CXC chemokines ENA-78, GRO alpha and GRO gamma from tumor cells and leukocytes reveals NH2-terminal heterogeneity. Functional comparison of different natural isoforms".Eur. J. Biochem.260 (2):421–9.doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00166.x.PMID10095777.
