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| Other names | CRL-40,941; Fluorafinil; Bisfluoroadrafinil |
| Routes of administration | By mouth |
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| Formula | C15H13F2NO3S |
| Molar mass | 325.33 g·mol−1 |
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Fladrafinil (developmental code nameCRL-40,941), also known asfluorafinil or asbisfluoroadrafinil, is awakefulness-promoting agent related tomodafinil that was never marketed.[1][2][3] It is sold online and used non-medically as anootropic (cognitive enhancer).[1][2][3]
Modafinil and its analogues are known to act asdopamine reuptake inhibitors and this is thought to be involved in their wakefulness-promoting effects.[1]Chemically, fladrafinil is aderivative ofadrafinil (N-hydroxymodafinil) and is also known as bisfluoroadrafinil (it is thebis(4-fluoro)phenyl ring-substituted derivative of adrafinil).[1] It is closely related toflmodafinil (CRL-40,940; bisfluoromodafinil).[1][2][3]
Fladrafinil has been found to produceantiaggressive effects in animals, whichadrafinil does not produce.[4][failed verification] Fladrafinil is purportedly 3 to 4 times morepotent than adrafinil in this action.[4]
Analogues of fladrafinil includemodafinil,armodafinil ((R)-modafinil),esmodafinil ((S)-modafinil),adrafinil (CRL-40,028;N-hydroxymodafinil),flmodafinil (CRL-40,940; bisfluoromodafinil), andCE-123, among others.[2]
Fladrafinil appears to have first beenpatented in the 1980s.[5]
Thepharmacokinetics of fladrafinil are being studied.[6]
Modafinil is a highly researched compound, with many analogues created and studied (Figure 1); the wakefulness promoting agents CRL-40,490 and modafiendz are the fluoro and N-methyl analogs of modafinil and the CRL-40,491 is the fluoro analog of adrafinil.30,31 [...] Although the long-term effects in healthy individuals are unknown, modafinil is easily available online with limited information about the use of and potential harms related to the drug.20,209 Other possibilities available from online shops and other retail outlets include adrafinil, CRL-40,940, CRL40,941 and modafiendz.30 Alternatively to online purchase, students also report to obtain stimulants from a pharmacy with or without prescription, from colleagues, friends or family, or from an herbalist.20
[Modafinil] is widely available for online purchase [105] and it is of interest that a range of modafinil derivatives are actively being discussed on web fora, including: adrafinil, fladrafinil, flmodafinil, and N-methyl-4,4′-difluoro-modafinil [8]. Finally, the modafinil R-enantiomer armodafinil, which is being used to improve wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness [106], is currently the subject of an anecdotal debate relating to its properties as a [cognitive enhancer] [107].
