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| China Railway CRH2 EMU | |
|---|---|
.jpg) CRH2A-4028 | |
| In service | 2007–present |
| Manufacturer | Kawasaki Heavy Industries, CRRC Qingdao Sifang |
| Family name | Shinkansen (E2 series) |
| Number built | CRH2A: 120+369+1 trainsets (3920 cars) CRH2B: 27 trainsets (432 cars) CRH2C (stage 1): 30 trainsets (240 cars) CRH2C (stage 2): 30 trainsets (240 cars) CRH2E: 20+5 trainsets (480 cars) CRH2G: 29 trainsets (232 cars)[1] |
| Number scrapped | 1 trainset (10 cars;derailment) |
| Successor | CR300AF,CR300BF,CR400AF,CR400BF |
| Formation | CRH2A: 8 cars per trainset (4M4T) CRH2B/E: 16 cars per trainset (8M8T) CRH2C: 8 cars per trainset (6M2T) |
| Capacity | CRH2A: 610/571/562/588/600/608 CRH2B: 1230 CRH2C: 610/626 CRH2E: 630/880(CRH2E-2463, 2464 and 2465) |
| Operators | China Railway -CR Beijing -CR Shanghai -CR Jinan -CR Xi'an -CR Wuhan -CR Nanchang -CR Zhengzhou -CR Taiyuan -CR Chengdu -CR Guangzhou -CR Nanning |
| Lines served | Most 200-250km/h high speed rail lines across China, plus some conventional lines |
| Specifications | |
| Train length | CRH2A/C: 201.4 m (660 ft 9 in) CRH2B/E: 401.4 m (1,316 ft 11 in) |
| Width | 3,380 mm (11 ft 1 in) |
| Height | 3,700 mm (12 ft 2 in) |
| Platform height | 1,250 mm (4 ft 1 in) |
| Maximum speed | CRH2A/B/E: 250 km/h (155 mph) CRH2C (stage 1): 300 km/h (186 mph) CRH2C (stage 2): 350 km/h (217 mph) |
| Traction system | Water coolingIGBT–VVVF inverter control (CRH2B/E:Mitsubishi Electric type MAP-304-A25V141, CRH2A/C:Hitachi type CII-HHR1420A/B/D,Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric type TGA10/10A/10E/10G) |
| Traction motors | 3-phase AC induction motors (CRH2B/E: Mitsubishi Electric type MB-5120-A, Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric type MT-205 CRH2A/C: Hitachi/CRRC Yongji Electric type YJ-92A, Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric type YQ-365) |
| Power output | CRH2A: 4.8 MW (6,437 hp) CRH2B/E: 9.6 MW (12,874 hp) CRH2C:
|
| Transmission | AC-DC-AC |
| Electric system(s) | 25 kV 50 Hz ACOverhead catenary |
| Current collection | Pantograph |
| Braking system(s) | Regenerative,electronically controlled pneumatic brakes |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)standard gauge |
TheCRH2Hexie (simplified Chinese:和谐号;traditional Chinese:和諧號;pinyin:Héxié Hào;lit. 'Harmony') is one of the high-speed train models inChina. The CRH2 is based on theE2-1000 SeriesShinkansen design fromJapan with the license purchased from a consortium formed ofKawasaki Heavy Industries,Mitsubishi Electric, andHitachi, and represents the secondShinkansen train model to be exported.
In 2004, the Ministry of Railway in China purchased an initial 60 sets of the train fromKawasaki Heavy Industries with a maximum speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). However, the newer versions of the CRH2 are not related to theE2-1000 Series despite having the same exterior shell.[2]
On October 20, 2004, the Ministry of Railway in China ordered 60 sets of CRH2A trains fromKawasaki Heavy Industries inJapan. Along with 60 sets ofBombardier's Regina-basedCRH1A, and 40 sets ofAlstom'sPendolino-basedCRH5A, these train sets are consider as first batch of CRH trains.
Each of the CRH2A set consists of 8 cars. The first 3 sets (CRH2-001A - CRH2-003A) were built in Japan, the next 6 sets (CRH2-004A - CRH2-009A) were delivered incomplete knock down form and assembled byCSR Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock. The remaining 51 sets (CRH2-010A - CRH2-060A) were built by Sifang through technology transfer from Japan.
The first train arrived atQingdao port on March 8, 2006, with little fanfare, and was not even publicized in China. These trains have a maximum operation speed of 250 km/h (155 mph) and started providing high-speed train service from April 18, 2007, the date of the sixth national railway speed-up.
According to Chinese and Japanese media, CRH2A trains started test trials ahead of commercial operation on the Shanghai-Hangzhou and Shanghai-Nanjing lines on January 28, 2007.
On September 14, 2010, the Chinese MOR ordered additional 40 sets of CRH2A trains (CRH2-151A - CRH2-190A) from CSR Sifang.
Additionally, from 2012 to 2017, CRH2A-2212 to CRH2A-4131 were introduced.
Following a derailment inGuizhou in 2022, CRH2A-4020 was converted to become the first dedicated High-Speed freight train of China. The two derailed carriages, 00 and 07, were scrapped, while new windowless carriages were rebuilt in place. The rest of the train was also modified in a similar manner, but the windows were retained. The modified train was revealed in March 2024, and entered testing the following month.[3]
In November 2007, the Ministry of Railway in China ordered 10 CRH2 sets with 16 cars per set (8M8T). These trains have been given designations CRH2B (CRH2-111B - CRH2-120B). Each CRH2B has three 1st seating cars (ZY), twelve 2nd seating cars (ZE), and one dining car (CA). Designed maximum operation speed is 250 km/h (155 mph) with a power of 9,600 kW (12,874 hp). These CRH2 have "Phoenix eyes" headlights who were not present on the CRH2A.
The first units were delivered on June 29, 2008,[4][5] and came into service on theHefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway on August 1, 2008.[6]
After the introduction of the modifiedE2-1000 Series, Sifang built its own CRH2 with a maximum safe operating speed of 300 km/h (186 mph). The original train sets imported from Kawasaki had a maximum safe operating speed of 250 km/h (160 mph).
During June 2005 and September 2005, The Chinese Ministry of Railways launched bidding for High speed trains with a top speed over 300 km/h (186 mph). Along withSiemens'sVelaro-basedCRH3C, CSR Sifang bid 60 sets of CRH2C, includes 30 sets of CRH2C stage one with a top speed of 300 km/h (186 mph), and 30 sets of CRH2C stage two with a top speed of 350 km/h (217 mph).
In development and research of the 350 km/h (217 mph) high speed train, The CRH2-300 project was launched by Chinese MOR and CSR. In 2006 the China Development Bank provided CNY 15 billion developmental financial loans to CSR Group for the projects of 200–300 km/h (124–186 mph) high speed trains.[7] Over 50 academics, 150,000 technicians, 600contractors were involved in the project.[8] This train's livery is not like the CRH2A, which the blue stripe does not end at the fronts of trainsets.
CRH2C Stage one is a modified version of CRH2A. It has a maximum operating speed up to 300 km/h (186 mph) by replacing two intermediate trailer cars with motorized cars. Equipped with an array of the state-of-the-art technologies, including aluminum alloy body with a reduced weight, high speed turntable, high speed pantograph, and optic-fiber based integrated control system.[9]
Chinese MOR ordered 30 sets of CRH2C stage one, name code CRH2-061C - CRH2-090C. The first set, CRH2-061C was unveiled on December 22, 2007.[10][11]
During the test on April 22, 2008, CRH2-061C reached a top speed of over 370 km/h (230 mph) onBeijing-Tianjin high-speed rail.[12]
During the test on December 11, 2009, CRH2-061C reached a top speed of 394.2 km/h (244.9 mph) on Zhengzhou-Xi'an high-speed rail.[13]
Together with CRH3C, the CRH2C stage one first came into service on Beijing-Tianjin Intercity high-speed rail on August 1, 2008, and all CRH2C stage one trains have been replaced by CRH3C in April, 2009. Currently, most of these trains are serving on the Shanghai-Nanjing high speed rail.
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CRH2C Stage two is the "re-design" version of the CRH2. Some of the details, like the aluminum body structure, noise reduction technology & reduction technique, draw on the CRH3C.And cancelled the driver's door. According to CSR Sifang, the improvements include the following aspects:
Chinese MOR ordered 30 sets of CRH2C stage two, name code CRH2-091C - CRH2-110C and CRH2-141C - CRH2-150C. The first set, CRH2-091C was unveiled in January 2010 and came into service on Zhengzhou-Xi'an high-speed rail in February, 2010.[15] Currently, most of these trains are serving on the Shanghai-Nanjing high speed rail, too.
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In November and December 2007, the Ministry of Railway in China ordered 20 CRH2 sleeper trains with 16 cars per set (8M8T). These trains are modified CRH2Bs, outfitted with traditional railwaysleeping berths (couchette car) and have been given designations CRH2E (numbered CRH2-121E - CRH2-140E).Each CRH2E has thirteen 1st class sleeping cars (WR), two 2nd class seating cars (ZE), and one buffet car (CA) or one second class/dining car (ZEC). Designed maximum operation speed is 250 km/h (155 mph) with 9,600 kW (12,874 hp) of power output.
The first batch of CRH2E, CRH2-121E - CRH2-126E, came into service on Beijing-Shanghai railway on December 21, 2008.[4][16] On 23 July 2011, one sleeper coach on CRH2-139E trainset has been derailed in the2011 Wenzhou train collision, together with CRH1-046B.
The rest of CRH2Es were deployed onBeijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway since January 2015, operating overnight sleeper trains between Beijing and Guangzhou (including some trains to Shenzhen).
A brand new variant of the CRH2E entered service in 2017 numbered beyond CRH2E-2463.[17][18] Instead of a traditional railwaysleeping berth the sleeper train is organized with the corridor running down the middle of the train car with double deck "capsules" on each side.[19] Each capsule is similar in layout to airplanefirst class, and passengers are no longer sharing the room. Each capsule comes with independent tables, outlets, lamps, hangers and curtains. The body of the train is redesigned to reduce noise levels during travel. The trains have been dubbed "moving hotels".[20]
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CRH2G is a specialized cold and sand/windstorm resistant version of the CRH2 manufactured byCRRC Qingdao Sifang. The trains were tested on theLanzhou–Xinjiang HSR andHarbin–Dalian HSR.[21] Tests where completed on November 10, 2015, and the first sets were assigned toLanzhou–Xinjiang HSR.[22]
In 2008, the Chinese MOR & CSR launched CRH2-380 project, the main purpose is to develop new-generation of high speed trains with maximum operation speed of 380 km/h (236 mph). CRH2 is one of the fundamental platforms of the new trains, which is designated as CRH380A. The experimental train is a highly modified CRH2C number 2150. The main difference between this train and the regular CRH380A is the presence of two additional doors on the rear of the first and the last coach like on the CRH2C.
At the time of the sixth national railway speed-up, at least 37 CRH2A sets had been delivered by Kawasaki and Sifang.[23] In 2008, all 60 CRH2A sets had been delivered by Kawasaki. The post-2008 production model of the CRH2 are designed and made solely by Sifang with a maximum safe operation speed of 350 km/h (217 mph).[2]
Power Destination
| Coach Type
|
| Coach No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type1 | ZE | ZEC | ZE | ZY | ZE | |||
| Type2 | ZE | ZY | ZE | ZEC | ZE | ZY | ZE | |
| Type3 | ZE | ZET | ZE | ZEC | ZE | ZY | ZE | |
| Type4 | ZYS | ZE | ZE | ZEC | ZE | ZYT | ||
| Type5 | ZY | ZE | ZEC | ZE | ZY | |||
| Type6 | ZE | ZEC | ZY | ZE | ||||
| Type7 | ZE | ZYE | ZE | ZEC | ZE | ZY | ZE | |
| Type8 | ZY | ZE | ZEC | ZE | ||||
| Power Configuration | TC | M | TP | T | MP | M | TC | |
| Power Units | Unit 1 | Unit 2 | ||||||
| Capacity1 | 55 | 100 | 85 | 100 | 55 (+16) | 100 | 51 | 64 |
| Capacity2 | 55 | 100 | 46 | 100 | 55 (+16) | 100 | 51 | 64 |
| Capacity3 | 55 | 100 | 43+16 | 100 | 55 (+16) | 100 | 51 | 64 |
| Capacity4 | 15+4 | 51+4 | 85 | 100 | 55 (+16) | 100 | 24+4 | |
| Capacity5 | 42 | 78 | 85 | 100 | 55 (+16) | 100 | 51 | |
| Capacity6 | 55 | 100 | 85 | 100 | 55 (+16) | 78 | 51 | 64 |
| Capacity7 | 55 | 100 | 16+43 | 100 | 71 | 100 | 51 | 64 |
| Capacity8 | 48 | 90 | 90 | 77 | 63 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| Coach No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type1 | ZE | ZEC | ZE | ZY | ZE | |||
| Type2 (EC) | ZY | ZE | ZEC | ZE | ||||
| Power Configuration | TC | M | MP | M | MP | M | TC | |
| Power Units | Unit 1 | Unit 2 | ||||||
| Capacity1 | 55 | 100 | 85 | 100 | 55 (+16) | 100 | 51 | 64 |
| Capacity2 (EC) | 48 | 90 | 90 | 77 | 63 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| Coach No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | ZY | ZE | CA | ZE | ||||||||||||
| Power Configuration | TC | M | TP | T | M | T | M | T | TP | M | TC | |||||
| Power Units | Unit 1 | Unit 2 | Unit 3 | Unit 4 | ||||||||||||
| Capacity | 36 | 68 | 51 | 100 | 85 | 100 | 85 | (32) | 85 | 100 | 85 | 100 | 85 | 100 | 85 | 65 |
| Coach No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | ZE | ZEC | ZE | ZY | ZE | |||
| Power Configuration | TC | M | MP | M | MP | M | TC | |
| Power Units | Unit 1 | Unit 2 | ||||||
| Capacity1 | 55 | 100 | 85 | 100 | 55+16 | 100 | 51 | 64 |
| Capacity2 | 55 | 100 | 85 | 100 | 54+16 | 100 | 51 | 65 |
| Coach No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type1 | ZE | WR | CA | WR | ZE | |||||||||||
| Type2 | ZE | WR | WRC | WR | ZE | |||||||||||
| Type3 | WR | WRC | WR | |||||||||||||
| Power Configuration | TC | M | TP | T | M | T | M | T | TP | M | TC | |||||
| Power Units | Unit 1 | Unit 2 | Unit 3 | Unit 4 | ||||||||||||
| Capacity1 | 55 | 40 | (0) | 40 | 40 | 55 | ||||||||||
| Capacity2 | 55 | 40 | 20 | 55 | ||||||||||||
| Capacity3 | 40 | 60 | 20 | 60 | 40 | |||||||||||
| Coach No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | ZY | ZE | ZEC | ZE | ||||
| Power Configuration | TC | M | MP | M | MP | M | TC | |
| Power Units | Unit 1 | Unit 2 | ||||||
| Capacity | 48 | 90 | 77 | 63 | 90 | 65 | ||
On July 23, 2011, two bullet trains were traveling in the same direction and the train in front, theCRH 1-046B was stopped by a or a faulty signal hit by lightning. The light that the second train was supposed to stop at was hit by lightning, malfunctioned and showed a green signal while it was supposed to be red. The second train was a CRH 2-139E. The CRH2 front cars fell off the viaduct and one standing at a 90° angle between the viaduct and the ground. The cars that fell to the ground are cars 1-3 and the fourth one was the one standing.
On June 6, 2022, D2809, operated by CRH2A-4020, was impacted by amudslide just outside of Rongjiang Railway Station inGuizhou. The train derailed, and the driver was killed in the accident. All passengers survived.[24]
As of April 2024[update]:
| Operator | Quantity | Serial number | Depot | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRH2A | ||||
| Wuhan Railway Bureau | 33 | 2011、2013、2022、2029、2033、2035、2039、2043、2046、2050～2052、2054、2055、2059、2060、2152、2162～2164、2173、2179、2192、2193、2200、2201、2205～2211 | Hankou | |
| 15 | 2017、2019、2023、2027、2034、2045、2047～2049、2053、2056、2151、2169、2180、2199 | Wuhan | ||
| Shanghai Railway Bureau | 28 | 2001～2003、2005、2007、2016、2018、2020、2028、2031、2057、2058、2161、2166、2168、2174～2176、2181～2184、2187、2189、2194～2196、2203 | Shanghai South | |
| 44 | 2004、2006、2008、2009、2012、2014、2015、2021、2024～2026、2030、2032、2036～2038、2040～2042、2044、2153～2160、2165、2167、2170～2172、2177、2178、2185、2186、2188、2190、2191、2197、2198、2202、2204 | Nantong | ||
| Nanchang Railway Bureau | 19 | 2215～2218、2233、2236、2237、2246、2249、2250、2252、2257、2260、2261、2284、2285、2290、2429、2430 | Nanchang | |
| 20 | 2212～2214、2220～2224、2247、2248、2251、2253～2256、2259、2291～2293、2302 | Nanchang West | ||
| 18 | 2219、2235、2282、2283、2324、2427、2447、2452、2457、2458、4006、4012、4013、4045、4047～4050 | Xiamen North | ||
| 7 | 2234、2258、2451、2453、2454、4008、4046 | Fuzhou South | ||
| 22 | 2271、2275、2326、2434～2437、2440～2442、2446、2455、2456、2476、2477、2493、2494、4009、4014～4017 | Longyan | ||
| Chengdu Railway Bureau | 25 | 2230、2305、2321、2323、2335、2336、2338～2340、2385、2390、2438、2480～2482、2490、2491、4007、4022、4035～4040 | Chongqing North | |
| 8 | 2228、2231、2304、2325、2373、2492、4023、4042 | Chongqing West | ||
| 13 | 2272、2333、2337、2360、2363、2364、2374、2391、2392、2395～2397、4020 | Guiyang North | ||
| Nanning Railway Bureau | 55 | 2238、2240～2245、2262、2263、2269、2270、2276、2279、2281、2286、2287、2296、2297、2301、2303、2312～2314、2327、2328、2346～2348、2370、2371、2375、2377、2378、2383、2386、2387、2393、2394、2398、2399、2401、2404、2407、2443～2445、2450、4018、4027、4031、4032、4069、4071、4114、4115 | Nanning | |
| 35 | 2239、2266、2277、2278、2280、2288、2289、2300、2306、2307、2366～2369、2376、2384、2400、2402、2412、2413、2431～2433、2439、4034、4041、4043、4068、4070、4116～4121 | Guilin North | ||
| Taiyuan Railway Bureau | 20 | 2294、2295、2308～2311、2316～2319、4122～4131 | Taiyuan | |
| Guangzhou Railway Bureau | 21 | 2274、2298、2320、2330、2331、2341、2349、2350、2380、2381、2389、2403、2405、2416、2474、2488、4002、4004、4025、4056、4067 | Guangzhou South | |
| 26 | 2299、2329、2343、2344、2372、2379、2382、2388、2408、2409、2428、2448、2473、2475、2478、2479、2487、2495、2497、4003、4024、4060、4062～4064、4066 | Foshan West | ||
| 6 | 2449、2496、2498、4055、4061、4065 | Changsha | ||
| Jinan Railway Bureau | 22 | 2225～2227、2267、2268、2332、2334、2361、2362、2365、2410、2411、2414、2415、2459、2483、2485、2486、4010、4011、4051、4052 | Qingdao | |
| 10 | 2345、2352～2359、2484 | Jinan | ||
| Kunming Railway Bureau | 43 | 2229、2232、2264、2265、2273、2315、2322、2342、2351、2406、2460、2489、2499、2828、4001、4005、4019、4021、4026、4028～4030、4033、4044、4053、4054、4057～4059、4082～4095 | Kunming South | |
| China Railway Corporation | 1 | 2010 | — | 200~250 km/h comprehensive inspection train |
| CRH2B | ||||
| Shanghai Railway Bureau | 10 | 2111～2120 | Nanjing | |
| Wuhan Railway Bureau | 17 | 2466～2472、4096～4105 | Hankou | |
| CRH2C | ||||
| Shanghai Railway Bureau | 57 | 2062～2067、2069～2110、2141～2149 | Nanjing | |
| China Railway Corporation | 3 | 2061, 2068, 2150 | — | Track Inspection Train |
| CRH2E | ||||
| Beijing Railway Bureau | 17 | 2122～2126、2128、2130～2135、2137、2138、2463～2465 | Beijing | |
| Guangzhou Railway Bureau | 7 | 2121、2127、2129、2136、2140、2461、2462 | Shenzhen | |
| China Railway Corporation | 1 | 2139 | Retired | CRH2E-2139 was severely damaged afterWenzhou train collision on 23 July 2011. Carriages 1 to 5 scrapped after derailment, Carriages 6 to 10 dismantled by MOR, and Carriages 11 to 16 transformed into inspection trains. |
| CRH2J | ||||
| China Railway Corporation | 1 | 0205 | — | Comprehensive inspection trains in orange livery |
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