TheCommunist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)[b] (CPN (UML)) is acommunistpolitical party in Nepal. The party emerged as one of themajor parties in Nepal after the end of thePanchayat era. It remained second largest party in the federal parliament until it was dissolved in the aftermath of the2025 Nepalese Gen Z protests and has urged for its reinstatement or else it will not be taking part in the next election to be scheduled.[6][7]
Khadga Prasad Oli has been serving as party chairman since the party's ninth general convention in 2014.[8] The party currently holds 79 seats in theHouse of Representatives, having won 26.95% of theparty list votes in the2022 general election and is the second largest parliamentary group.[9] There have been fourprime ministers from the party while the party has led the government six times with the most recentOli government which was deposed by2025 Nepalese Gen Z protests.
CPN (UML) was the main opposition in 1991 after thefirst election following the restoration ofmulti-party democracy. The party led aminority government underManmohan Adhikari following the1994 election. The party joined acoalition government withCPN (Maoist) in 2008 in the first elections after theend of the monarchy in Nepal and led two governments underMadhav Kumar Nepal andJhala Nath Khanal during the term of the1st Constituent Assembly. The party also led the first government after the promulgation of thenew constitution withKP Sharma Oli serving as prime minister. Oli again served as prime minister following the2017 election.
The party was formed in January 1991 after the merger of theCommunist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and theCommunist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist). The party merged withCPN (Maoist Centre) to form theNepal Communist Party on 17 May 2018 but the new party was dissolved and CPN (UML) was revived by aSupreme Court decision on 8 March 2021.[10][11] The party claimed to have 650,000 members as of August 2025, down from 855,000 in December 2021.[12][13][14]
In 2025, the Party faced a wave of criticism, including from many other Nepali communist groups, for accusations of engaging in massnepotism, brutalizingprotesters,backsliding democracy,banning social media and becoming the new elite it once overthrew. Its Chairman,KP Sharma Oli, resigned and dissolved the cabinet, as per protest demands. Later the parliament was dissolved for a fresh mandate.[15]
The predecessors of the CPN (UML) were theCPN (Marxist) led by former general secretary of theCommunist Party of Nepal,Man Mohan Adhikari, andCPN (Marxist–Leninist), led byMadan Bhandari. CPN (Marxist) was the successor toCPN (Pushpa Lal) which was founded by the founding general secretary of the Communist Party of Nepal,Pushpa Lal Shrestha.[16] CPN (Marxist–Leninist) had its origins in the1969 Jhapa rebellion. The conflict took its inspiration from theNaxalite movement in India and began after land reform programs were introduced byKing Mahendra in 1964.[17][18]
The two parties were constituents of theUnited Left Front, which was formed in 1990 to protest against thePanchayat system. The front, along with theNepali Congress, helped restoremulti party democracy in the country after the1990 revolution. On 6 January 1991, ahead of the1991 general election, the first parliamentary elections in the country in three decades, the two parties merged to form the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) with Adhikari serving as the party's first chairman.[19][20]
In the 1991 election, the party won 69 out of 205 seats in theHouse of Representatives and was the second largest parliamentary group.[20] Man Mohan Adhikari was elected as the parliamentary party leader and became the Leader of the Opposition. The fifth party congress was held in Kathmandu in January 1993 andPeople's Multiparty Democracy was adopted as the party line.[21] The congress also elected Adhikari as the party chairman andMadan Bhandari as the general secretary.[22] Later in the year however, Bhandari along withJibaraj Ashrit died in a vehicle accident in Chitwan andMadhav Kumar Nepal became general secretary.[19] In November 1993, veteran communist leaderTulsi Lal Amatya'sgroup merged with the party.[22]
Following the1994 election, the party became the largest parliamentary group, winning 88 out of 205 seats and forming the first CPN (UML) government. Man Mohan Adhikari becameprime minister and formed a minority government with the support ofRastriya Prajatantra Party andNepal Sadbhwana Party, which lasted nine months. Adhikari recommended dissolving theHouse of Representatives, and called for new elections after losing the support of his coalition partners, but the move was dismissed by theSupreme Court after a legal challenge byNepali Congress.[23][24] In 1997, the party supported the minority government ofRastriya Prajatantra Party, which lasted for seven months. Following disagreements about theMahakali treaty, the party faced a split in March 1998.Bam Dev Gautam reconstituted theCPN (Marxist–Leninist) with 46 MPs from the party. In December 1998, the party supported theNepali Congress–Nepal Sadbhawana Party government which was created to hold the 1999 election.[19][20][25]
The Nepali Congress formed a majority government following the1999 election and the CPN (UML) became the main opposition winning 70 seats. Following party chairman Adhikari's death in 1999, general secretaryMadhav Kumar Nepal became the leader of the party.CPN (Burma) merged into the party on 28 June 2001 and CPN (Marxist–Leninist) reunified with the party on 15 February 2002.[26] A group led byC. P. Mainali opposed the unification and opted to reconstitute theparty. The party held its seventh general convention in February 2003 in Janakpur. Nepal was reelected as the general secretary and the post of party chair, which had remained vacant after the death of Adhikari, was abolished.[19]
TheHouse of Representatives was dismissed byKing Gyanendra on 22 May 2002 on the request of prime ministerSher Bahadur Deuba. After the Deuba government failed to hold elections and to control theMaoist insurgency, he was dismissed by the king in October with the king assuming executive powers to the protest of political parties including CPN (UML).[27] In June 2003, general secretary Nepal was proposed as prime minister by the protesting parties but this was ignored by the king andSurya Bahdur Thapa was appointed instead.[28][29] After Thapa's resignation in May 2004, Deuba was reappointed as the prime minister. CPN (UML) also joined the cabinet withBharat Mohan Adhikari serving as deputy prime minister.[30][31]
On 1 February 2005, King Gyanendra declared a national emergency, placed all leading politicians under house arrest and assumed chairmanship of a 10-member council of ministers.[32] CPN (UML), along with other parties in the dissolved lower house, formed theSeven Party Alliance to end the king's direct rule, reinstate the dissolved House of Representatives and form an all-party government. The alliance also opened talks with theCPN (Maoist) to end their armed insurgency and join mainstream politics. On 22 November 2002, the alliance signed a 12-point agreement with the Maoists to end the insurgency, abolish the monarchy and restore democratic rule to the country.[33][34] Following the2006 revolution on 24 April, King Gyanendra restored theHouse of Representatives and an all-party government was formed under the leadership ofGirija Prasad Koirala.[19][35] Later that year on 21 November, theComprehensive Peace Accord was signed between the Maoists and the Seven Party Alliance which ended theCivil War.[36]
In the2008 election, the party won 108 out of 575 seats in theConstituent Assembly. The party lost most of their leftist vote to theCPN (Maoist) and general secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal resigned following his defeat in both of his constituencies and was replaced byJhala Nath Khanal. The party joined the coalition government with CPN (Maoist) following the election.[37] The party's eighth general convention in February 2009 elected Khanal as the party chairman andIshwor Pokhrel as general secretary.[38] Following the controversial sacking of Army Chief of StaffRookmangud Katawal, CPN (UML) withdrew its support from the Maoist government.[39] In November 2009,Madhav Kumar Nepal, who was nominated to theConstituent Assembly, became prime minister with the support ofNepali Congress andMadheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal.[40] His government lasted for seven months before he resigned following a political deadlock amid failure to draft the new constitution.[41] Following seven months of political stalemate party chairman Jhalanath Khanal was elected as prime minister in February 2011 with support from theUCPN (Maoist).[42] He resigned six months later in August after failing to reach consensus on drafting the new constitution and completing the peace process following which the party supported the new UCPN (Maoist) government.[43][44] In November 2012, ahead of thenew election,Ashok Kumar Rai broke away from the party along with otherindigenous leaders and formed theFederal Socialist Party, claiming that the party failed to address their concerns during the discussions for promulgation of the constitution.[45]
In the2013 election, the party became the second largest party winning 175 out of 575 elected seats. The party joined the coalition government under theNepali Congress following the election withBamdev Gautam serving as deputy prime minister.[46] At the party's ninth general convention in July 2014,K.P. Sharma Oli became party chair after defeatingMadhav Kumar Nepal, whileIshwar Pokhrel was reelected as general secretary.[47] After the new constitution was delivered by the coalition government, party chair K.P. Sharma Oli was elected as prime minister on 12 October 2015 with the support ofUCPN (Maoist),Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal and other parties.[48] After the Maoists withdrew their support, Oli resigned in July 2016 ahead of a no-confidence vote.[49]
In the2017 local elections, 14,099 councilors, including 294 municipal mayors and rural chairs, were elected from the party to local governments. Candidates for the party were elected as mayors inmajor cities, including the two largest citiesKathmandu andPokhara Lekhnath.[50][51] The party announced an alliance with theCPN (Maoist Centre) before the2017 legislative andprovincial elections.[52] The party won 121 seats, becoming the largest party in theHouse of Representatives,[53] and became the largest party in six of Nepal's seven provinces.[54] After the election, the party maintained its alliance with theCPN (Maoist Centre) and formedcoalition governments in the centre andsix of the seven provinces. The CPN (UML) led governments inProvince 1,Province 3,Province 4 andProvince 5.[55] In accordance with the agreementSher Dhan Rai,Dormani Paudel,Prithivi Subba Gurung andShankar Pokharel were appointed as chief ministers of their respective provinces.[56][57][58][59]
In the 6 February 2018National Assembly election, the CPN (UML) won 27 of 56 contested seats and became the largest party in both houses.[60] Party chairman Oli was elected the party's parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives and was appointed prime minister on February 15.[61]Bidya Devi Bhandari was re-electedpresident on March 13.[62] After eight months of planning, the Unification Coordination Committee met to finalize plans for the merger of Nepal's biggestleft-wing parties. On 17 May 2018, the party was dissolved and a new party, theNepal Communist Party was formed from the CPN (UML) and theCPN (Maoist Centre).[63][64][10]
On 8 March 2021, the Supreme Court ruled that the name Nepal Communist Party belonged to theminor party led by Rishiram Kattel and the merger of the two parties was voided.[65] The following day, theElection Commission formally split the party and the CPN (UML) was revived.[11] Four members of theHouse of Representatives and one member of theNational Assembly for CPN (Maoist Centre) also defected to CPN (UML) during the split but were dismissed as parliamentarians following their defection.[66]KP Sharma Oli lost ano-confidence motion on 9 May 2021 but was reappointed as prime minister four days later after the opposition failed to prove a majority.[67] Chief minister of Gandaki,Prithvi Subba Gurung, resigned before a no-confidence motion and chief Minister of Lumbini,Shankar Pokharel, also lost a no-confidence motion but were similarly reappointed after the opposition failed to prove their majority.[68][69][70][71]
Acabinet meeting chaired byprime minister and party chairmanKP Sharma Oli recommended that the president dissolve the House of Representatives on 22 May 2021 after members of his party, led by former prime ministersMadhav Kumar Nepal andJhala Nath Khanal, supportedNepali Congress leaderSher Bahadur Deuba as the next prime minister.[72] The Supreme Court reinstated the House of Representatives on 12 July 2021 and Oli resigned from his post the next day.[73][74] Twenty-two members of the CPN (UML) voted for Deuba during his confidence vote, defying the party whip.[75] The party also lost its government inGandaki andLumbini, with Gurung losing ano-confidence motion and Pokharel resigning.[76][77] Province 1 chief minister,Sher Dhan Rai, and Bagmati chief ministerDormani Paudel were replaced in August of that year after losing support within their parliamentary party. They were replaced byBhim Acharya andAsta Laxmi Shakya respectively who were elected by the parliamentary party.[78][79]
On 25 August 2021, former prime ministersMadhav Kumar Nepal andJhala Nath Khanal split from the party along with 55 members of theCentral Committee, 25 members of the House of Representatives and seven members of the National Assembly and formed theCPN (Unified Socialist).[80] Other leaders also broke away from the party, withHridayesh Tripathi forming thePeople's Progressive Party and former vice-chairmanBamdev Gautam forming theCPN (Unity National Campaign).[81][82][83] Following the split, the party lost its majority in Bagmati and Province 1 and Shakya and Acharya resigned following which the party was in opposition in all seven provinces.[84][85] The10th National Convention of the party was held inChitwan between 26 and 29 November 2021 withK.P. Sharma Oli being reelected as the party chair.[86][87]
In the2022 local elections, 11,929 councillors were elected from the party, including 206 mayors and rural chairs. The party lost their mayoral seats inKathmandu andPokhara and failed to win the mayoral elections in any of the six metropolitan cities in the country. The party formed electoral pacts with thePeople's Socialist Party,Rastriya Prajatantra Party and other minor parties to contest the2022 general andprovincial elections. Former deputy prime minister andRastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal chair,Kamal Thapa, also contested the election under the party's electoral symbol.[88][89][90] At the 2022 general election, the party won 79 seats and became the second largest parliamentary party.[9] The party also emerged as the largest party inprovincial assemblies inProvince 1,Madhesh andLumbini at the2022 provincial elections.[91]
The party backedCPN (Maoist Centre) chairmanPushpa Kamal Dahal's bid to becomeprime minister and joined acoalition government under him on 26 December 2022, withBishnu Prasad Paudel joining the cabinet asdeputy prime minister.[92] However, the coalition lasted less than two months. In March 2024, the party again supported CPN (Maoist Centre)'s coalition before withdrawing support for the government in July later that year.[93][94] Party chairman K.P. Sharma Oli was appointed as prime minister for the fourth time with the support ofNepali Congress on 15 July 2024.[95]
Oli's government would be short lived as on 4 September 2025 it issued a mandate to shut down mostsocial media in Nepal such asFacebook,X,YouTube,LinkedIn,Reddit,Signal, andSnapchat, for failing to register under theMinistry of Communication and Information Technology.[96] The government claimed that this was to increase tax revenues on foreign social media companies, however, detractors pointed out the ban came amidst the growing backlash to the "Nepo-Kid" trend, where children of major political parties politicians flaunted their extravagant wealth and lifestyle, mostly gained due to their parents corruption, while the average Nepali struggled economically.[97]Protests against the ban saw a heavy crack-down by the Oli government, with theNepalese Armed Forces usinglive ammunition to disperse protesters as they reached theNepali parliament building, resulting in the death of 19 protesters.[98] This violent crackdown only further emboldened the protesters, resulting in massive protests across the capital, which the government also cracked down on, by the end of September 8, 51 people had been killed by the government and more than 347 where injured.[99]
On September 9 Oli would resign as prime minister and flee to a military barracks for protection as the protests only continued to escalate into a full scale revolution.[100] Protesters vandalized the CPN (UML) headquarters, and burn down the house of former prime ministers and major portfolios of the party.[101][102] The protests finally end during the night of 11 September going into the early morning of 12 September, as the protesters, president and army reached an agreement where formerSupreme Court chief justiceSushila Karki was named interim prime minister untilfresh elections could be held on March 5, 2026.[103][104]
The guiding principle of the party isMarxism–Leninism and it supports asocialist economy but within the confines of aparliamentary system of governance.[105] The party had adopted the line ofPeople's Multiparty Democracy which was proposed byMadan Bhandari at the party's 5th National Convention in 1993.[21] The party supports the establishment of awelfare system that guaranteessocial security andsocial justice to all citizens.[106]
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Theelection symbol of CPN (UML) is the sun which is also present in the party logo.[107] Thehammer and sickle, a common symbol of communism, is also used in the party flag and logo. The party constitution determines that a golden hammer and sickle inside a red sun is the party's logo.[108]
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The National Convention is the supreme body of CPN (UML) and it is organized every five years by the party's Central Committee. The national convention elects the central secretariat and the central committee of the party. The convention also discusses and approves political documents, organisational proposals and amendments to the party constitution.[108]
The Central Committee of the party is the highest decision-making body within general conventions and is responsible to the national convention. The National Convention elects a Central Secretariat consisting of a chair, a senior vice-chair, six vice-chairs, one general secretary, three deputy general secretaries and seven secretaries. The Central Secretariat along with other elected members make up the 301-member Central Committee of the party. The chairs of the seven provincial committees of the party are also ex-officio members of the Central Committee. One-third of the committee is also required to be female. The Central Committee also elects a 99-memberPolitburo and a 45-memberStanding Committee among its members.[108]
When the Central Committee is not in session the Politburo is the highest decision-making body, the Standing Committee follows the Politburo in hierarchy and the Central Secretariat follows the Standing Committee. The National Convention also elects a Central Disciplinary Commission, a Central Accounts Commission and a Central Electoral Commission. A Central Advisory Council can also be formed by the Central Committee if needed.[108]
Party committees exist at theprovincial,district, local, ward and neighborhood level. In addition to this the party has a separate special committee in theKathmandu Valley which is in the same level as the provincial committees in the party. The provincial committee holds a provincial convention every four years and the rest of the committees hold a convention every three years except for neighborhood committees which hold a convention every two years. The convention elects the leadership and members of the committee which is the supreme decision-making body in between conventions. The party also has organisational committees for areas where the party does not have presence yet.[108]
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| Election | Leader | Constituency votes | Party list votes | Seats | Position | Resulting government | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | % change | No. | % | % change | No. | +/- | ||||
| 1991 | Madan Bhandari | 2,040,102 | 27.98 | 69 / 205 | 2nd | In opposition | |||||
| 1994 | Man Mohan Adhikari | 2,352,601 | 30.85 |  2.87 | 88 / 205 | 19 | 1st | Minority government | |||
| 1999 | Madhav Kumar Nepal | 2,728,725 | 31.66 | 0.81 | 71 / 205 |  17 | 2nd | In opposition | |||
| 2008 | Madhav Kumar Nepal | 2,229,064 | 21.63 | 10.03 | 2,183,370 | 20.33 | 108 / 601 | 37 | 3rd | Coalition government | |
| 2013 | Jhala Nath Khanal | 2,492,090 | 27.55 | 5.92 | 2,239,609 | 23.66 | 3.33 | 175 / 575 | 67 | 2nd | Coalition government |
| 2017 | Khadga Prasad Oli | 3,082,277 | 30.68 | 3.13 | 3,173,494 | 33.25 | 9.59 | 121 / 275 | 54 | 1st | Coalition government |
| In opposition | |||||||||||
| 2022 | Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli | 3,233,567 | 30.83 | 0.15 | 2,845,641 | 26.95 | 6.30 | 78 / 275 | 43 | 2nd | Coalition government |
| In opposition | |||||||||||
| Coalition government | |||||||||||
| Provincial Assembly | Election | Party list votes | % | Seats | +/– | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koshi | 2022 | 665,460 | 35.04 (#1) | 40 / 93 | 11 | Leading coalition |
| Madhesh | 351,768 | 16.86 (#2) | 23 / 107 | 2 | In coalition | |
| Bagmati | 594,521 | 30.69 (#1) | 27 / 110 | 31 | In coalition | |
| Gandaki | 349,628 | 35.47 (#1) | 22 / 60 | 5 | In coalition | |
| Lumbini | 570,921 | 30.25 (#1) | 29 / 87 | 12 | Leading coalition | |
| Karnali | 183,950 | 31.83 (#1) | 10 / 53 | 15 | Leading coalition | |
| Sudurpashchim | 274,675 | 30.64 (#1) | 10 / 53 | 15 | In coalition |
| Provincial Assembly | Seats/Total | Party list vote % | Election | Parliamentary Party leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koshi | 51 / 93 | 38.79 (#1) | 2017 | Sher Dhan Rai Bhim Acharya |
| Madhesh | 23 / 107 | 16.86 (#2) | 2022 | Saroj Kumar Yadav |
| Bagmati | 58 / 110 | 35.81 (#1) | 2017 | Dormani Poudel Astalaxmi Shakya |
| Gandaki | 27 / 60 | 39.04 (#1) | 2017 | Prithvi Subba Gurung |
| Lumbini | 41 / 87 | 33.10 (#1) | 2017 | Shankar Pokharel |
| Karnali | 20 / 40 | 34.35 (#1) | 2017 | Yam Lal Kandel |
| Sudurpashchim | 25 / 53 | 32.99 (#2) | 2017 | Prakash Bahadur Shah |
| Election | Leader(s) | Council Head | Council Deputy | Councillors | Position | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | +/- | # | +/- | # | +/- | |||
| 2017 | KP Sharma Oli | 294 / 753 | 331 / 753 | 14,097 / 35,038 | 1st | |||
| 2022 | KP Sharma Oli | 206 / 753 | 90 | 240 / 753 | 108 | 11,890 / 35,011 | 2,207 | 2nd |
| No. | Prime Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
| 1 | Man Mohan Adhikari | .jpg) | 30 November 1994 | 12 September 1995 | 286 days | 3rd House of Representatives | Adhikari, 1994 | Kathmandu 3 |
| 2 | Madhav Kumar Nepal |  | 25 May 2009 | 6 February 2011 | 1 year, 257 days | 1st Constituent Assembly | Madhav Nepal, 2009 | Nominated |
| 3 | Jhala Nath Khanal | .jpg) | 6 February 2011 | 29 August 2011 | 204 days | 1st Constituent Assembly | Khanal, 2011 | Ilam 1 |
| 4 | Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli | .jpg) | 12 October 2015 | 4 August 2016 | 297 days | Legislature Parliament | Oli, 2015 | Jhapa 7 |
| 15 February 2018 | 13 May 2021 | 3 years, 148 days | 1st Federal Parliament | Oli, 2018 | Jhapa 5 | |||
| 13 May 2021 | 13 July 2021 | Oli, 2021 | ||||||
| 15 July 2024 | 13 September 2025 | 1 year, 136 days | 2nd Federal Parliament | Oli, 2024 | ||||
| No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
| 1 | Sher Dhan Rai |  | 14 February 2018 | 26 August 2021 | 3 years, 193 days | 1st Provincial Assembly | Rai, 2018 | Bhojpur 1(B) |
| 2 | Bhim Acharya | 26 August 2021 | 1 November 2021 | 67 days | Acharya, 2021 | Sunsari 1(B) | ||
| 3 | Hikmat Kumar Karki |  | 9 January 2023 | 7 July 2023 | 179 days | 2nd Provincial Assembly | Karki I, 2023 | Jhapa 5 (A) |
| 8 September 2023 | 15 October 2023 | 37 days | Karki II, 2023 | |||||
| 9 May 2024 | Incumbent | 1 year, 203 days | Karki II, 2024 | |||||
| No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
| 1 | Dormani Poudel |  | 11 February 2018 | 18 August 2021 | 3 years, 188 days | 1st Provincial Assembly | Poudel, 2018 | Makwanpur 1(B) |
| 2 | Astalaxmi Shakya |  | 18 August 2021 | 27 October 2021 | 70 days | Shakya, 2021 | Kathmandu 8(B) | |
| No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
| 1 | Prithivi Subba Gurung |  | 16 February 2018 | 9 May 2021 | 3 years, 82 days | 1st Provincial Assembly | Gurung, 2018 | Lamjung 1(B) |
| 12 May 2021 | 12 June 2021 | 31 days | ||||||
| 2 | Khagaraj Adhikari |  | 9 January 2023 | 27 April 2023 | 108 days | 2nd Provincial Assembly | Adhikari, 2023 | Kaski 1 (A) |
| 7 April 2024 | 27 May 2024 | 50 days | Adhikari, 2024 | |||||
| No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
| 1 | Shankar Pokharel |  | 15 February 2018 | 2 May 2021 | 3 years, 76 days | 1st Provincial Assembly | Pokharel, 2018 | Dang 2(A) |
| 2 May 2021 | 11 August 2021 | 101 days | ||||||
| 2 | Leela Giri |  | 12 January 2023 | 27 April 2023 | 105 days | 2nd Provincial Assembly | Giri, 2023 | Rupandehi 2(A) |
| 3 | Chet Narayan Acharya |  | 24 July 2024 | Incumbent | 1 year, 127 days | Acharya, 2024 | Arghakhanchi 1(A) | |
| No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
| 1 | Yam Lal Kandel |  | 10 April 2024 | Incumbent | 1 year, 232 days | 2nd Provincial Assembly | Kandel, 2024 | Surkhet 2 (A) |
| No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
| 1 | Rajendra Singh Rawal | 12 January 2023[109] | 9 February 2023 | 28 days | 2nd Provincial Assembly | Rawal, 2023 | List MP | |
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