TheDepartment of Health of the Philippines has advised against spreading misinformation and unverified claims concerning the pandemic.[1]
ThePhilippine National Police has also taken action against the spread of misinformation related to the pandemic and has warned the public that misinformation purveyors could be charged for violating Presidential Decree no. 90 for "declaring local rumor, mongering and spreading false information". In the case of misinformation circulated online, violators could be charged for violating the Cybercrime Prevention Act which has a maximum penalty of imprisonment for 12 years.[2] The Bayanihan to Heal as One Act also punishes fake news peddlers of two months jail time or fine of up to₱1 million.[3]
Misinformation on the virus's origin included thatSARS-CoV-2 was a type ofrabies along with advice to not eat bats. The virus is in thecoronavirus family and is unrelated to rabies.[4]
Boiled ginger as a cure for COVID-19. There is no concrete scientific proof for this claim. Mark Pasayan, a doctor from the Philippine Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases says that while a cold weather may make one more susceptible to the COVID-19 infection, the intake of hot or cold food does not correlate with the prevention and treatment of the disease.[5]
Viral posts with various claims such as avoidance of eating ice cream and cold food, and encouraging exposure to sunlight as a means of prevention against COVID-19 purportedly from UNICEF.UNICEF Philippines has issued a statement disassociating itself from the posts peddling false and misleading information.[6]
A widely circulated graphic on social media claimed that gargling warm water with salt would "eliminate the virus." DOH Undersecretary Eric Domingo said that while the saline water has been a recognized home treatment for symptoms of a sore throat for many generations, there is no evidence suggesting its capability to kill the virus.[7]
A supposed video spread on the internet about how bananas can cure COVID-19. This information was even advocated by the presidential SpokespersonSalvador Panelo. However, DOH Spokesperson Ma. Rosario Vergeire debunked this claim, saying that while bananas is a healthy food source, there are no conclusive evidences yet about its effectivity against coronavirus.[8]
On March 21, 2020, several netizens on Facebook shared misleading posts about thePhilippine Air Force and thePhilippine National Police using helicopters to spray pesticides among major cities in an effort to disinfect the virus. TheArmed Forces of the Philippines, thePhilippine National Police, the Department of Health, and the Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) have refuted these claims. Furthermore, the Department of Health added on its official website that there is no evidence that pesticide sprays can kill the Coronavirus.[9]
A statement of President Rodrigo Duterte claiming thatgasoline may be used as a disinfectant in absence of hand sanitizers has been refuted by the Integrated Chemists of the Philippines and warned the public that gasoline is harmful to the body especially if inhaled.[10]
In April 2021, videos in YouTube and Facebook purported thatIvermectin is already fully approved by theFood and Drug Administration as a cure for COVID-19. The drug was only grantedcompassionate use for such purpose in one hospital. Ivermectin in the Philippines is only authorized to be used in animals for treatment of heartworm disease while for humans the drug is only allowed "in topical formulations under prescription use only".[11]
The DOH supposedly issuing an advisory on the proliferation of fake cigarettes which is claimed to be a method of transmission of COVID-19. The government agency did not issue such advisory.[12]
In the first week of February, the government supposedly imposed a 14-day quarantine for travelers coming from 20 countries. An infographic supporting the claim was circulated purportedly from theDepartment of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). On February 7, the DILG denied the claim. At that time the quarantine measure is only being imposed from travelers from three territories: Mainland China, Macau, and Hong Kong.[13]
The Palace also disproved posts circulating online about the declaration of "Total Lockdown" nationwide and warned its peddlers of imminent arrest. At the time of the circulation, theenhanced community quarantine in Luzon was already in effect.[14]
According to a report byReuters published in 2024, the United States ran apropaganda campaign to spread disinformation about theSinovac ChineseCOVID-19 vaccine, including using fake social media accounts to spread the disinformation that the Sinovac vaccine contained pork-derived ingredients and was thereforeharam underIslamic law.[15] The campaign primarily targeted people in thePhilippines and used a social mediahashtag for "China is the virus" inTagalog.[15] The campaign ran from the spring of 2020 to mid-2021.[15] A subsequent Reuters report found that the Embassy of China in Manila hired a local marketing firm to conduct a covert "public opinion guidance"astroturfing campaign on social media that included promotingSinovac'sCoronaVac and disparaging Western-made vaccines.[16]
In August 2021, Thousand of people line up in vaccination sites across Metro Manila, many without prior registration, following false information that the unvaccinated would be ineligible to receive aid or be allowed to leave their homes during the enhance community quarantine in the metropolis. The DOH issued a statement that it would not allow the national vaccination program to causesuperspreader events. Critics of PresidentRodrigo Duterte cite the president's prior rhetoric that unvaccinated would not be allowed to leave their homes.[17][18]
According to the DOH, the cremation of the body of the first confirmed COVID-19 death in the Philippines has been hampered by the proliferation of misinformation.[19]
