 | |
| Broadcast area | Greater Toronto |
|---|---|
| Frequency | 1540kHz |
| Branding | CHIN Radio |
| Programming | |
| Format | Multilingual |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |
|
| CHIN-FM 100.7, CHIN-1-FM 91.9 | |
| History | |
First air date | June 6, 1966 (58 years ago) (1966-06-06) |
Call sign meaning | Canada Happiness International[1] and also the Italian drinking toastcin cin. |
| Technical information | |
| Class | B |
| Power | 50,000 watts day 30,000 watts night |
| Repeater(s) | 100.7CHIN-HD2 (Toronto) |
| Links | |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | www.chinradio.com/schedule-page-1540 |
CHIN (1540kHz) is acommercialAMradio station inToronto, Ontario,Canada. It is owned byCHIN Radio/TV International, and broadcasts amultilingualradio format. It formerly utilized anFMrebroadcaster at 91.9MHz, CHIN-1-FM, originally used to fill in reception gaps in parts ofGreater Toronto; CHIN-1-FM now broadcasts a separate schedule of ethnic programming, no longersimulcasting CHIN . In addition, there is a full-power FM station on 100.7 MHz,CHIN-FM, which offers a third ethnic programme schedule. CHIN, CHIN-1-FM and CHIN-FM have theirradio studios onCollege Street in thePalmerston-Little Italy neighbourhood of Toronto.
By day, CHIN broadcasts at 50,000watts, the maximum power for Canadian AM stations. Because1540 AM is aclear-channel frequency reserved for the U.S. andBahamas, CHIN reduces power at night to 30,000 watts to avoid interference. It uses adirectional antenna with a four-tower array. The AM transmitter site is on Lakeshore Avenue on theToronto Islands.[2] The transmitter for CHIN-1-FM is atop anapartment tower complex nearBathurst andSheppard in Toronto'sClanton Park neighbourhood.
CHIN is one of Canada's first multilingual broadcast outlets along withMontreal'sCFMB. Toronto broadcasterJohnny Lombardi and lawyer and North York mayorJames Ditson Servicesigned on the station in 1966.[3] The 1540 AM frequency had originally been used byCHFI-FM to simulcast on the AM band, but ownerTed Rogers was dissatisfied with the frequency. At the time, it was only licensed as adaytimer, required tosign off at sunset to protect U.S. and Bahamianclear-channel stations that also broadcast on the frequency. Lombardi and Service bought Radio 1540 Limited from Rogers in 1965.
They used the frequency to launch CHIN the next year, while Rogers shifted CHFI-AM to 680 kHz, where it becameCFTR.[3] In 1967, CHIN launched asister station, 100.7CHIN-FM.[4] Both stations are licensed by theCanadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to carry a schedule of programs in numerous languages aimed at Toronto's many ethnic groups.
Bruno Gerussi became the station's morning host in January 1967, replacingAl Boliska. He hosted a popular morning show,Gerussi, Words and Music starting in 1967, which later moved toCBC Radio where it was calledGerussi!.[5] The show became popular, however, and in the fall of 1967,CBC Radio gave him a national daily morning show,Gerussi!,[6] and became the model for the network'sThis Country in the Morning andMorningside in the 1970s.[7]
Lombardi was summoned to appear before the CRTC in 1970, after aSerbian-language programme aired on CHIN, calling for theassassination ofYugoslavia'sconsul in Toronto.[8] Due to this incident, and other issues, the CRTC refused to renew CHIN's license and ordered the station off the air by the end of the year.[9] Lombardi was also in conflict with Service and another minority shareholder, James Longo, who had appealed for the license to be transferred from Lombardi to themselves.[10]
Subsequently, Lombardi bought out Service's share of the company (Longo was not recognized as a shareholder by the CRTC).[11] Lombardi was able to regain the license after a new hearing in which Service,Foster Hewitt, owner ofCKFH where Lombardi had hosted a show prior to launching CHIN, and former CBC broadcaster John Fisher failed to convince the CRTC to award the license to one of them over Lombardi.[12][13]
CHIN had attempted to broadcast at night by securing a second frequency at 1600 AM, but its application was denied by the CRTC in 1973. CHIN was able to make an agreement with the owners of clear-channelClass AKXEL inWaterloo, Iowa, which also broadcasts on 1540. With that pact, the CRTC authorized CHIN to broadcast 24 hours a day from a new transmitter with a directional pattern that better protects KXEL from interference.
The next year, CHIN acquired a competitor whenBrampton stationCKMW (now 530CHLO), switched to a multilingual format after being acquired from former CHIN sales representativeBill Evanov.[14][15] Additional ethnic stations are now found on AM 530, 1320, 1430, 1610, 1650, and 1690, all serving the growing immigrant communities in Greater Toronto.
With so many large buildings in and around Toronto, CHIN 1540 was experiencing reception problems in some neighborhoods. To help listeners having trouble with the AM signal, the station set up an FM rebroadcaster in 1997, at 101.3 FM with thecall sign CHIN-1-FM. On April 17, 2003, Radio 1540 Ltd. was given approval to change the frequency of CHIN-1-FM to 91.9 MHz and to increase the effective radiated power from 22 to 35 watts.[16][17]
On November 28, 2016, Radio 1540 Limited applied to operate a separate originating FM station under CHIN-1-FM's current technical parameters, specifically, at frequency 91.9 MHz with an average effective radiated power (ERP) of 1,850 watts (maximum ERP of 5,000 watts with an effective height of antenna above average terrain of 86 metres).[18]The CRTC approved Radio 1540 Ltd. application on May 5, 2017.[19]
On January 14, 2011, CHIN received approval to increase the effective radiated power for the CHIN-FM-1 transmitter from 161 to 1,850 watts (maximum ERP from 350 to 5,000 watts with an antennaheight above average terrain of 86 metres).[20]
In 2016, CHIN submitted an application to allow them to broadcast original programming on CHIN-FM-1 rather than use it to rebroadcast CHIN-AM's programming.[21] The CRTC approved this request in 2017.[22]
Until 2024, CHIN's lineup on 1540 AM consists primarily ofCantonese &Mandarin Chinese in the daytime andBrazilian Portuguese in the evening. It also airedAlbanian,Bengali,Bosnian,Bulgarian,Croatian,Filipino,German,Hebrew,Irish,Italian,Russian,Somali,Ukrainian andYoruba programming on Saturdays and Sundays.
In June 2024, CHIN AM's Chinese programming moved to its two FM sister stations and the AM station's schedule became almost entirely Italian, except on Sundays when from 8 am to 5 pm it airs Jewish, Irish/Scottish, Croatian, Bosnian, German, Filipino, Bengali, Yoruba, Portuguese, and Nepalese programming. On Sunday mornings the station airs a religious service fromTimothy Eaton Memorial Church.[23]
CHIN-FM-1 carries mostlySouth Asian programming, with some shows aimed atCantonese,Jewish,Malayalam andSpanish-speaking listeners.[24]
On February 10, 2016, CHIN stopped carrying "China Radio International" in late night hours and replaced it with dance music-formatted programming originating from internet broadcaster "DJFM Toronto".
Sam Yuchtman was the first producer hired by CHIN in 1966, and hostedThe Jewish Hour until he retired in 1976. His daughter, Zelda Young, took over the program and continued as host of the show, later calledThe Zelda Young Show, until her death in 2023. The Jewish program is now hosted by Martin Abeles and airs on CHIN-AM on Sunday mornings and weekday mornings on CHIN-FM-1.[25]
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43°38′33.00″N79°23′13.92″W / 43.6425000°N 79.3872000°W /43.6425000; -79.3872000
