The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as thetetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic transmembrane domains. Tetraspanins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of immune responses, cell development, activation, growth and motility.[7][8][9][10] CD37 expression is restricted to cells of the immune system, with highest abundance on mature B cells, and lower expression is found on T cells and myeloid cells. CD37 is a cell surfaceglycoprotein that is known to complex withintegrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[6] CD37 controls both humoral[11][12] and cellular immune responses.[13][14][15] CD37-deficiency in mice leads to spontaneous development on B cell lymphoma,[16] and patients with CD37-negative lymphomas have a worse clinical outcome.[17]
^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Virtaneva KI, Angelisová P, Baumruker T, Horejsí V, Nevanlinna H, Schröder J (Mar 1993). "The genes for CD37, CD53, and R2, all members of a novel gene family, are located on different chromosomes".Immunogenetics.37 (6):461–5.doi:10.1007/BF00222471.hdl:10138/157839.PMID8436422.S2CID8899453.
^Levy S, Shoham T (February 2005). "The tetraspanin web modulates immune-signalling complexes".Nature Reviews. Immunology.5 (2):136–48.doi:10.1038/nri1548.PMID15688041.S2CID1756810.
^Charrin S, le Naour F, Silvie O, Milhiet PE, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E (May 2009). "Lateral organization of membrane proteins: tetraspanins spin their web".The Biochemical Journal.420 (2):133–54.doi:10.1042/BJ20082422.PMID19426143.
^Hemler ME (October 2005). "Tetraspanin functions and associated microdomains".Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.6 (10):801–11.doi:10.1038/nrm1736.PMID16314869.S2CID5906694.
^van Spriel AB, de Keijzer S, van der Schaaf A, Gartlan KH, Sofi M, Light A, et al. (November 2012). "The tetraspanin CD37 orchestrates the α(4)β(1) integrin-Akt signaling axis and supports long-lived plasma cell survival".Science Signaling.5 (250): ra82.doi:10.1126/scisignal.2003113.PMID23150881.S2CID21237789.
^van Spriel AB, Puls KL, Sofi M, Pouniotis D, Hochrein H, Orinska Z, et al. (March 2004). "A regulatory role for CD37 in T cell proliferation".Journal of Immunology.172 (5):2953–61.doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.2953.PMID14978098.S2CID5620186.
^Sheng KC, van Spriel AB, Gartlan KH, Sofi M, Apostolopoulos V, Ashman L, et al. (January 2009). "Tetraspanins CD37 and CD151 differentially regulate Ag presentation and T-cell co-stimulation by DC".European Journal of Immunology.39 (1):50–5.doi:10.1002/eji.200838798.PMID19089816.S2CID46297687.
Berditchevski F (December 2001). "Complexes of tetraspanins with integrins: more than meets the eye".Journal of Cell Science.114 (Pt 23):4143–51.doi:10.1242/jcs.114.23.4143.PMID11739647.
Angelisová P, Hilgert I, Horejsí V (1994). "Association of four antigens of the tetraspans family (CD37, CD53, TAPA-1, and R2/C33) with MHC class II glycoproteins".Immunogenetics.39 (4):249–56.doi:10.1007/BF00188787.PMID8119731.S2CID20252327.
Wright MD, Rochelle JM, Tomlinson MG, Seldin MF, Williams AF (February 1993). "Gene structure, chromosomal localization, and protein sequence of mouse CD53 (Cd53): evidence that the transmembrane 4 superfamily arose by gene duplication".International Immunology.5 (2):209–16.doi:10.1093/intimm/5.2.209.PMID8452817.
Okochi H, Mine T, Nashiro K, Suzuki J, Fujita T, Furue M (July 1999). "Expression of tetraspans transmembrane family in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract".Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.29 (1):63–7.doi:10.1097/00004836-199907000-00016.PMID10405235.
Matsumoto K, Bochner BS, Wakiguchi H, Kurashige T (1999). "Functional expression of transmembrane 4 superfamily molecules on human eosinophils".International Archives of Allergy and Immunology.120 (Suppl 1):38–44.doi:10.1159/000053592.PMID10529602.S2CID39289159.
van Spriel AB, Puls KL, Sofi M, Pouniotis D, Hochrein H, Orinska Z, et al. (March 2004). "A regulatory role for CD37 in T cell proliferation".Journal of Immunology.172 (5):2953–61.doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.2953.PMID14978098.S2CID5620186.
