Călinești-Oaș | |
|---|---|
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 Location in Satu Mare County | |
  Călinești-Oaș Location in Romania | |
| Coordinates:47°55′13″N23°17′11″E / 47.92028°N 23.28639°E /47.92028; 23.28639 | |
| Country | Romania |
| County | Satu Mare |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2024–2028) | Ioan Bumb[2] (Ind.) |
Area | 41.88 km2 (16.17 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 200 m (660 ft) |
| Population (2021-12-01)[1] | 5,117 |
| • Density | 122.2/km2 (316.5/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+02:00 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+03:00 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 447070 |
| Area code | +40 x59 |
| Vehicle reg. | SM |
| Website | www |
Călinești-Oaș (Romanian pronunciation:[kəliˌneʃtʲˈo̯aʃ];Hungarian:Kányaháza,Hungarian pronunciation:[kaːniɒhaːzɒ]) is acommune inSatu Mare County, north-westernRomania, with a population of 5,117 as of 2021. Part of the region ofMaramureș, it is composed of four villages: Călinești-Oaș, Coca (Kakáktelep), Lechința (Avaslekence), and Pășunea Mare (Nagylegelő).
Situated on the western side of the Oaș Country Depression at a distance of 46 kilometres (29 mi) from the county capitalSatu Mare, Călinești bordersGherța Mică commune to the north, to the south Prilog-Vii village andLivada city, to the east Boinești village and to the westTurulung commune, which represents the boundary of theOaș Country.[3]
Călinești-Oaș is situated in theOaș Depression, near the Jelejnic Hill, 46 km (29 mi) North - East of the county seatSatu Mare on theTalna andTur rivers. The commune bordersGherța Mică commune to the north, Prilog Vii village andLivada city to the south, Boinești village to the east andTurulung commune to the west, which represents the boundary between the historicalOaș Country andUgocea.[3] Călineșticovers an area of 4,188 ha (41.88 km2) of which 828 ha (8.28 km2) comprise the main settlement and 3,360 ha (33.6 km2) are terrain.[3]
Călineşti-Oaş has acontinental climate, characterised by hot dry summers and cold winters. As the commune is located in the far north of the country in a mountainous region, the average annual temperature is slightly lower than inSatu Mare.[3]
The flora associated with Călinești-Oaș is characteristic of the low-mountain and hill area withconiferous trees, but other kinds of trees including severaloak species andbeech are also present.[3]
Fauna is represented by species of rodents (hamster andeuropean ground squirrel), reptiles, carnivorous mammals (bear,gray wolf andfox) and other large mammals likewild boar anddeer. Avifauna include species ofducks,geese,egrets andstorks during migrations as well as occasional wanderings.[3]
The hills surrounding Călinești-Oaș used to be inhabited by communities ofhunter-gatherers since thestone Age. Paleolithic discoveries were made on theHurca Hill,Saint Mary Hill,Lichihorb andBocoghița.[4] Other important finds indicate that the commune was inhabited during theNeolithic Age and archaeological investigations were made between 1999 and 2001 that established the settlement as dating from the Early Neolithic Age (5500 – 5200 BC). The finds belong to theStarčevo culture representing the northern limit of the culture.[4] On Hurca Hill a big fortified settlement was discovered dating from the 10th and the 9th centuries BC.[4] The fortification consisted of an earthen mound and strengthened with large stone blocks. The fortification dates from theEarly Iron Age and belonged to theGáva culture.[4]
Călinești-Oaș is first mentioned in documents in 1490 asKalynhaza when the area was incorporated into the domain ofMedieșu Aurit, property of theMóric family, a wealthyHungarian aristocratic family fromGyőr. Their influence lasted until the 15th century.[3][4] Other owners of the domains that included Călinești were theBáthory Family of Hungary,Rákóczi,Károlyi (owned during the 18th century) and theVécsey (owned during the 19th century).[4] AfterWorld War I the commune suffered from the1918 flu pandemic, also known as the Spanish Influenza, which killed 48 people. After the1970 floods in Romania, which affected large parts of Călinești, the dam on theTur River was built in 1972; this created a lake of 357 ha (3.57 km2).[4]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 2,034 | — |
| 1890 | 2,137 | +5.1% |
| 1900 | 2,339 | +9.5% |
| 1910 | 2,536 | +8.4% |
| 1920 | 2,520 | −0.6% |
| 1930 | 2,781 | +10.4% |
| 1941 | 3,141 | +12.9% |
| 1956 | 3,798 | +20.9% |
| 1966 | 4,329 | +14.0% |
| 1977 | 4,274 | −1.3% |
| 1992 | 4,748 | +11.1% |
| 2002 | 4,701 | −1.0% |
| 2011 | 4,686 | −0.3% |
| 2021 | 5,117 | +9.2% |
| Source: Census data | ||
At the2011 census, the population of Călinești-Oaș commune was 4,686. Of these inhabitants, 99% wereRomanians, 0.6%Roma, and 0.4% belonged to other groups;[5] 85.6% wereRomanian Orthodox, 6.7%Greek-Catholic, 6.4%Pentecostal, and 1.3% other or undeclared.[6] At the2011 census, the population had increased to 5,117; of those, 96.66% were Romanians and for 3.15% the ethnicity was unknown.[7]
The Călinești-Oaș Dam was built in 1972 on the riverTur near the confluence with theValea Rea between the Hurca and Jelejnic Hills.[8] It creates an artificial lake of 357 ha (3.57 km2) and with a total volume of 0.027 km3 (0.0065 cu mi). In the same year the Călineşti-Oaş Micro - Hydropower Station was built having a low capacityPelton turbine of only 0.8 MW.[8]
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