Călărași District Raionul Călărași | |
|---|---|
District (Raion) | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
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| Country |  Republic of Moldova |
| Administrative center (Oraș-reședinţă) | .jpg) Călărași |
| Established | 2002 |
| Government | |
| • Raion President | Ilie Rău (PDM), since 2011 |
| Area | |
• Total | 753 km2 (291 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 64,401 |
| • Density | 85.5/km2 (222/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Area code | +373 44 |
| Car plates | CL |
| Website | www.calarasi.md |
Călărași (Romanian pronunciation:[kələˈraʃʲ]ⓘ) is a district (Romanian:raion) in the centre ofMoldova, with the administrative headquarters inCălărași. As of January 1, 2011, its population was 78,800.
The district territory is inhabited sincePaleolithic, 50–40,000 years ago.Settlements with the earliest documentary attestation of the district are:Horodiște,Pitușca, andSadova, they are certified in 1420. During the component was in thePrincipality of Moldova (1359–1812), the currentCălărași territory held by theOrhei -Lăpușna County. After dividing the land Orhei - Lapusna in two separate counties, some localities have passed Orhei County and the other part Lăpușna County. From the 16th through the 18th centuries, the district developed economically (trade, wine), culturally (to build monasteries,Frumoasa,Hârbovăţ andRăciula) and grew in population. After theTreaty of Bucharest,Basarabia is occupied by theRussian Empire at this time there is an intenserussification of the native population. In 1918 after thecollapse of the Russian Empire,Basarabia united with the motherland Romania but for a short time (1918–1940, 1941–1944). In 1940 after theMolotov–Ribbentrop Treaty, theterritory between the Prut and Nistru is busy again this time theUSSR. In 1991 as a result of the proclamation ofIndependence of Moldova, part of theUngheni County (1991–2003), and in 2003 became administrative unit of Moldova.
Calarasi District is located in central part of Moldova. It borders withTeleneşti District in the north, eastOrhei District,Străşeni District in south, south-westNisporeni District andUngheni District in west. Very rugged terrain, crossed the slopes with different degrees of tilt conditioningCentral Moldavian Plateau, and is located inCodri.Chernozem soil in valleys, andbrown soil on the plateau. Maximum altitude in the district is 400 meters, the rate reached in the south-western part of district.
The climate is temperate-continental. The average air temperature is 9 °C (48 °F). Average January temperature −5 °C (23 °F) and in July 21 °C (70 °F). Yearly precipitation] 550–650 mm. Average wind speed 4–6 m/s.
Fauna characteristic of the so animals such as:fox,wild cat,marten,rabbit,squirrel,deer,wild boar,wolf,red deer and others and the world of birds may be mentioned:blackbird,pigeon,jay,finch,eagle,woodpecker and other.
Forests occupy 30.7% of district territory, dominate species:hornbeam,beech,ash,elm,oak,white,[clarification needed]lime, etc. In strips of forest are encountered:horn,hawthorn,bat,maples and other.
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State Nature Reserve "Plaiul Fagului" was created on March 12, 1992 for theconservation,regeneration, environmental recovery, study one of the most picturesque and representative forestecosystems in theCodri.The total area of reserve is 5642 ha, of which forests occupy 4639 ha (82.2%). The territorial-administrative structure includes 5387 hectares of natural tree,beech formations including 272 ha (4.8%),ash 1163 ha (20.6%),sessile oak 1039 ha (18.4%),lime 170 ha (3.1%) other species, 169 ha (3.0%). Flora includes 909 species, including 645 species ofvascular plants, 151 species offungi, 48 species oflichens, 65 species ofmoss. Fauna: As mentionedDimitrie Cantemir, in this land dwellingdeer,bears,reindeer,martens,wolves,wild boar.Arable land expansion has contributed significantly to the reduction of forested area, the numerical reduction plants and animals. Uncontrolled hunting disappearance of conditionedbear,deer,lynx,wolf,black grouse etc.
District is located in theNistru river basin, a tributary that crosses the district are:Bic, Ichel andCula. Most lakes are of natural origin, but are rich in fish.
This Călărași District is known for itsred wine,white wine, andcognac. While Moldova was a part of theSoviet Union, its wines were known throughout the USSR.
1 January 2012 the district population was 78,800 of which 20.7%urban and 79.3%rural population
| Ethnic group | % of total |
|---|---|
| Moldovans* | 79.8 |
| Romanians* | 15.5 |
| Ukrainians | 3.3 |
| Russians | 0.8 |
| Romani | 0.3 |
| Gagauz | 0.1 |
| Bulgarians | 0.1 |
| Other | 0.2 |
| Undeclared | 1.27 |
Footnote:* There is anongoing controversy regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.
The district recorded a total of 21,200 enterprises, of which individual enterprises 673 units, 19,792 units farms, enterprises with the legal person status 800.SMEs constitute about 99% of all enterprises. Here is awinery and acognac factory is one of the first in Moldova and other enterprises in the food industry (canned food,sugar,dairy products). Food industry (dairy) there is a factory that produces dairy products quality first. Agricultural land - 25 801 ha (34.1%), includingarable land - 13,323 ha (16.7%),orchards - 3138 ha (4.1%),vine - 6020 ha (8.0%),pastures - 7384 ha (9.8%) other - 394.7 ha (0.5%). Main crops:cereals (wheat,oats),corn,sunflower,rapeseed andsoy.
In Calarasi district works: 31kindergartens, 34 schools, a multipurpose school, college and a special auxiliary school. Total number of students: in schools - 8176 students, inprofessional schools versatile - 269 students, college teaching "Alexandru cel Bun" 553 students.
Calarasi district in terms of political supportcenter-right parties.AEI enjoys a major support.PCRM here usually get poor results, the last three elections is a constant fall.
During the last three electionsAEI had an increase of 68.9%
| Year | AEI | PCRM |
|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 68.13%23,517 | 25.81%8,910 |
| July 2009 | 63.67%21,516 | 32.10%10,849 |
| April 2009 | 43.33%13,925 | 43.39%13,947 |
| Parties and coalitions | Votes | % | +/− | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova | 12,364 | 35.82 | +18.23 | |
| Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova | 8,910 | 25.81 | −6.29 | |
| Liberal Party | 5,602 | 16.23 | −3.48 | |
| Democratic Party of Moldova | 4,252 | 12,32 | +2.30 | |
| Party Alliance Our Moldova | 1,299 | 3.76 | −12.59 | |
| European Action Movement | 368 | 1.07 | +1.07 | |
| Other Party | 1,736 | 4.99 | +0.76 | |
| Total (turnout 56.08%) | 34,807 | 100.00 | ||
The district works: 37 houses and cultural centers, 42 libraries, 7 museums, three art schools. In total the district works, 103 artistic groups, including 23 as "model".
The district operates: Călăraşi district hospital with 200 beds general fund, a Center of Family Physicians, 4 health centers, 27 family doctor's offices, three offices Health, 35pharmaceutical subsidiaries.
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47°15′N28°20′E / 47.250°N 28.333°E /47.250; 28.333
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