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Cándido Pastor Bareiro Caballero | |
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 | |
| 8thPresident of Paraguay | |
| In office November 25, 1878 – September 4, 1880 | |
| Vice President | Adolfo Saguier |
| Preceded by | Higinio Uriarte |
| Succeeded by | Bernardino Caballero |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1833-10-27)October 27, 1833 Luque, Paraguay |
| Died | September 4, 1880(1880-09-04) (aged 46) Asunción, Paraguay |
Cándido Pastor Bareiro Caballero (October 27, 1833 – September 4, 1880) wasPresident ofParaguay from 27 November 1878 to 4 September 1880 and the leading politician of the post-war decade.
Bareiro served as ambassador and commercial agent for the Paraguayan government ofFrancisco Solano López government inEurope.
During the last months ofParaguayan War he returned to Paraguay in 1869 and entered politics, where he started a political movement that would result in creation of theColorado Party. A strong ally of GeneralBernardino Caballero, he was elected president in 1878 with Caballero's help and died from a stroke after two years in office.[1]
He was born on October 27, 1833 inLuque. Son of Jose Luis Bareiro Montiel and Felipa Mayor Dolores Caballero he was the grandson of the famous Paraguayan founding father of Independence,Pedro Juan Caballero. He went to a school managed by theArgentine teacherJuan Pedro Escalada. Bareiro benefited from the opening to the world which was initiated by the regime ofCarlos Antonio López, with a group of other Paraguayan students on June 2, 1858, he sailed to Europe, where in London he finished his studies. He returned home in the middle of December 1863 and received a bonus of 200pesos. In May 1865 he was awarded with theNational Order of Merit.
TheUruguayan writerJose Carranza Sienra, who met him at the start of the Paraguayan War, said of Bareiro:
... he has a clear talent, an illustration of anything vulgar, a simple and sympathetic look
— Jose Carranza Sienra
On March 21, 1864, government appointed Cándido Bareiro aschargé d'affaires in the Paraguayan Embassy in London and Paris. He was relieved from his post in October 1867 due to inability to organize critically needed armament shipments to Paraguay.[2] By the time he managed to return to Asunción in February 1869, the city was already occupied by the Allied armies.
Around him quickly gathered the remaining Lopez loyalists who on March 31, 1869, founded theRepublican Union Club which in early 1870 become theClub del Pueblo and after February 17, 1878Club Libertad and who published their newspaperLa Voz del Pueblo.
Bareiro faction was also known aslopiztas because of their loyalty to the memory of President Lopez and it was opposed to the Decoud faction who had established their rivalClub del Pueblo (after March 23, 1870, theGran Club del Pueblo). Both of these factions were crucial for the establishment of theColorado Party in 1887.
Together with Bernardino Caballero he was one of the organizers of the revolt against the presidency ofSalvador Jovellanos. Despite this, after the removal ofBenigno Ferreira in February 1874 he was appointed a foreign minister by Jovellanos. In this capacity he went to London where he tried to negotiate the war loan payment crisis. He served asMinister of Finance of Paraguay during the Presidencies ofJuan Bautista Gill andHiginio Uriarte from August 1876 to August 1878.[3]
On November 25, 1878, he finally was elected to the presidency. His government included:
In October 1877 he had involved in the murders of imprisoned former PresidentFacundo Machain and others suspected in the assassination of President Gill. In December 1878 he probably was involved in the assassination of former President Rivarola. His political allyBernardino Caballero was the main organizer of these murders.[2] In June 1879 he suppressed theGalileo uprising led by the exiledJuan Silvano Godoi.
During his rule Paraguay won part of the disputedGran Chaco territory. This decision was made by international commission led by the US PresidentRutherford Hayes, in whose honorPresidente Hayes Department was created. After this decision, theDecoud-Quijarro treaty was signed on 15 October 1879 that recognized Bolivia's claims to northern Chaco, but it was never ratified.Argentina handed over territory of the West Villa, currentlyVilla Hayes where the first ice factory of the country was established.
Despite being almost bankrupt, Government proceeded with the construction of the Palace of Lopez; theNueva Germania was established, bringing German immigrants to Paraguay;Pedro Juan Aponte was appointed as the first post-war bishop of Paraguay andArgentine Penal Code adopted.
After Bareiro's death his vice-presidentAdolfo Saguier was prevented from assuming the presidency by a bloodless coup led on September 4, 1880, byBernardino Caballero. Saguier was arrested and the Senate was informed that he had resigned; Caballero was then elected to the presidency.
Earlier in the year 1867 Solano Lopez thought in recommending Bareiro to the mission to travel to the United States to thank the authorities for their thoughtful participation. Unfortunately certain formalities were not entirely fulfilled by Bareiro. The Marshal had ignored a first act of disobedience on his part, but other events that occurred lacked accountability. Lopez ordered to delegate Benitez toPeru and to express the declaration of repudiation by the Paraguayan government towards thetreaty of the Triple Alliance. Bareiro did not focus properly on the indication, so he recklessly send a letter, dated December 14, 1866.[citation needed]
It is said that one of the mistakes of Lopez was to choose Bareiro as Chargé d'affaires of Paraguay in Europe. Some accused him of the defeat of Paraguay in the war, since his mission was to travel to Europe to buy weapons, but these were lost because of his incompetence. All this had no justification whatsoever, so on January 20, 1868, Bareiro was forced to surrender his position.[citation needed]
| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by | President of Paraguay 1878–1880 | Succeeded by |
