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| Byzantine–Venetian War (1296–1302) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theVenetian–Genoese War of 1294–1299 | |||||||
  Kea Santorini Serifos Amorgos Islands ceded to Venetian privateers. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Byzantine Empire | Republic of Venice | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Andronikos II | Pietro Gradenigo Ruggiero Morosini Malabranca Belletto Giustinian | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
TheByzantine–Venetian War of 1296–1302 was an offshoot of the secondVenetian–Genoese War of 1294–1299.
In 1293, war broke out between Genoa and Venice over their trading operation in the eastern mediterranean. After a Venetian attack on Genoan Galata in 1296, Andronikos II decided to come to the aid of his ally Genoa.[1]
In 1296, the local Genoese residents ofConstantinople destroyed theVenetian quarter and killed many Venetian civilians. Despite theByzantine–Venetian treaty of 1285, the Byzantine emperorAndronikos II Palaiologos immediately showed support for his Genoese allies by arresting the Venetian survivors of the massacre, including the Venetianbailo, Marco Bembo.
Venice threatened war with the Byzantine Empire, demanding reparations for the affront they suffered. In July 1296, the Venetian fleet, under command of Ruggiero Morosini Malabranca, stormed the Bosporus. During the course of the campaign, various Genoese possessions in the Mediterranean and theBlack Sea were captured, including the city ofPhocaea. The Genoese colony ofGalata, across theGolden Horn from theByzantine capital, was also burned down. The emperor, however, preferred at that point to avoid war.
Open war between Venice and the Byzantines did not begin until after theBattle of Curzola and the end of the war with Genoa in the 1299Treaty of Milan, which left Venice free to pursue her war against the Greeks. The Venetian fleet, reinforced byprivateers, began to capture various Byzantine islands in theAegean Sea, many of which had only been conquered by the Byzantines fromLatin lords about twenty years before.
From April 1301, Byzantine ambassadors were sent to Venice to negotiate a peace, but without success. In July 1302, a Venetian fleet with twenty-eight galleys arrived before Constantinople itself, and staged a demonstration of force: before the eyes of the Byzantine capital's inhabitants, the admiral Belletto Giustinianflogged the population of the island ofPrinkipos, including refugees from Asia Minor who had fled the Turkish advance there, which the Venetians had taken prisoner.
This induced the Byzantine government to propose a peace treaty, signed on 4 October 1302. According to its terms, the Venetians returned most of their conquests, but kept the islands ofKea,Santorini,Serifos andAmorgos, which were retained by the privateers who had captured them. The Byzantines also agreed to repay the Venetians for their losses sustained during the massacre of Venetian residents in 1296.
The failure of the Byzantines to combat the Venetian threat demonstrated the problem with Andronicus's disbandment of the fleet. The Aegean islands quickly became easy targets for ambitious privateers. Andronicus would later attempt to reestablish the fleet, but to no avail. The final chapter of Byzantine naval supremacy had come to a close.[2]