| Bye Bye Birdie | |
|---|---|
 Original Broadway cast album | |
| Music | Charles Strouse |
| Lyrics | Lee Adams |
| Book | Michael Stewart |
| Productions | |
| Awards | Tony Award for Best Musical |
Bye Bye Birdie is astage musical with music byCharles Strouse and lyrics byLee Adams, with a book byMichael Stewart.
Originally titledLet's Go Steady,Bye Bye Birdie is set in 1958. The play's book was influenced byElvis Presley being drafted into theUS Army in 1957. The rock star character's name, "Conrad Birdie", isword play on the name ofConway Twitty.[1] Twitty later had a long career as a country music star, but, in the late 1950s, he was one of Presley's rock 'n' roll rivals.
The original 1960–1961Broadway production was aTony Award–winning success. It spawned aLondon production and several major revivals, a sequel, a1963 film, and a1995 television production. The show also became a popular choice for high school and college productions due to its variable cast size and large proportion of ensemble numbers.[2]
ProducerEdward Padula had the idea for a musical initially titledLet's Go Steady, a "happy teenage musical with a difference". Padula contracted with two writers andCharles Strouse andLee Adams wrote seven songs for their libretto. Padula, Strouse, and Adams soughtGower Champion as director/choreographer, who until that time had choreographed only a few musicals. (Fred Astaire andMorton DaCosta had already declined.) However, Champion did not like the book, and the writers were fired.Michael Stewart then took their place. Stewart's first draft,Love and Kisses, focused on a couple thinking of divorce whose children persuade them to stay together, a theme soon taken up by theDisney filmThe Parent Trap.
Champion wanted "something more". "The 'something more' had been right there in the newspaper. Rock-and-roll idolElvis Presley wasdrafted into the Army on 20 December 1957,[3] and in September 1958 left the US foreighteen months in Germany, provoking a media circus that included Presley's giving a specially-selected member of theWomen's Army Corps "one last kiss". After brainstorming, Stewart and Adams "came up with the idea of a rock-and-roll singer going off to the Army and its effect on a group of teenagers in a small town inOhio. The name of the singer initially was 'Ellsworth', which was soon changed to 'Conway Twitty' before we discovered there was already aConway Twitty who was threatening to sue us, and then, finally, 'Conrad Birdie'".[4]
New York–based songwriter Albert Peterson finds himself in trouble when his client, hip-thrustingrock and roll superstar andteen idol Conrad Birdie, is drafted into the Army, leaving his heavily indebted firm Al-Mae-Lou Music (a spoof of the real-lifeAldon Music) in jeopardy. Albert's secretary, Rose "Rosie" Alvarez, comes up with a last-ditch publicity stunt to have Birdie record and perform a song before he is sent overseas. Having been stuck in a sort of romantic limbo for eight years, she longs for the Albert she once knew, an aspiring English teacher, before he wrote Birdie's first hit and abandoned those plans to pursue the seedier music industry ("An English Teacher"). Rose's plan is to have Birdie sing "One Last Kiss" (a song she assigns Albert to write on the spot) and give one lucky girl, chosen randomly from hisfan club, a real "last kiss" onThe Ed Sullivan Show before going into the Army.
In Sweet Apple, Ohio, all the teenagers are catching up on the latest gossip about 15-year-old Kim MacAfee and Hugo Peabody going steady ("The Telephone Hour"). Kim reflects on how happy she is with her maturity, believing at 15 she has fully reached adulthood ("How Lovely to Be a Woman"). She quits the Conrad Birdie fan club over the phone because of the new milestone happening in her life. Her best friend Ursula is shocked. Kim reconsiders when, after a lengthy phone conversation with Ursula, she receives the phone call telling her that she has been chosen to be Birdie's last kiss before going into the armed forces.
Meanwhile, Conrad, Albert and Rosie prepare to go to Sweet Apple. A crowd of teenage girls sees them off at the New York City train station, although one girl is sad because she thinks that by the time Conrad gets out of the army, she will be too old for him. Albert advises her to be optimistic ("Put On a Happy Face"). Soon, tabloid reporters arrive with questions about the seedy details of Conrad's personal life, but Rosie, Albert and the girls answer for him, hoping to protect his reputation andbankability ("Normal American Boy").[5]
Conrad receives a hero's welcome in Sweet Apple, and Hugo worries that Kim likes Conrad more than she likes him, but Kim assures Hugo that he is the only one she loves ("One Boy"). Conrad shocks the town's parents and drives the teenage girls crazy with his performance of "Honestly Sincere", which causes all of the girls (including Edna, the mayor's wife) to faint. Conrad becomes a guest in the MacAfee house and irritates Kim's father, Harry, by being rude and selfish. Harry does not want Kim to kiss Conrad, until Albert tells him their whole family will be onThe Ed Sullivan Show. Kim, Harry, Kim's mother Doris, and younger brother Randolph sing Sullivan's praises ("Hymn for a Sunday Evening"[6]).
Albert's overbearing mother, Mae, comes to Sweet Apple to break up her son's relationship with Rosie (she objects to Rosie'sHispanic heritage). She introduces Albert to Gloria Rasputin, a curvy blonde she met on the bus who could replace Rosie as his secretary. Gloria, a tap dancer, secretly hopes that a connection with Albert could be her way into show business. Mae sings "Swanee River" as Gloria tap-dances (usually depicted as her making a fool of herself). Albert gives Gloria a typing job. Rosie is furious, and fantasizes about violent ways to murder Albert ("One Hundred Ways Ballet"), but instead comes up with a better idea: she convinces Hugo to sabotage the last kiss.
Since both Rosie and Hugo are jealous and angry, they plot to ruin Conrad's appearance onThe Ed Sullivan Show. On the broadcast, Conrad sings "One Last Kiss", and as he leans in to kiss Kim, Hugo runs onstage and punches him in the face, knocking Conrad unconscious. Rosie dumps Albert who, trying to cover for the mishaps of the evening, then leads a chorus of "Normal American Boy".
Despite plans to re-film the broadcast, Rosie and Kim resolve to leave Albert and Hugo, lamenting their stupidity for having fallen in love ("What Did I Ever See in Him?"). Conrad, with no visible effects from being knocked out, decides he wants to go out and have a good time on his last night as a civilian, and encourages the Sweet Apple teens to party ("A Lot of Livin' to Do"). Kim sneaks out of her house and joins her friends. Conrad, Kim, and all the teenagers, except Hugo, head for the Ice House, "where people go when they want to be alone." Hugo goes to Maude's Roadside Retreat, the town bar, hoping to get drunk, but grumpy proprietor Charles F. Maude sees that he's underage and refuses to serve him.
When Harry discovers Kim has run away, he and Doris lament how disobedient kids are these days ("Kids"). Rosie ends up at Maude's Roadside Retreat and starts flirting with other men, but Albert phones her and begs her to return to him ("Baby, Talk to Me"). Rosie interrupts aShriners meeting in Maude's private dining room. She flirts with all the Shriners, and they begin a wild dance. Hugo and Albert rescue Rosie from the crazed Shriners, and Albert finally stands up to his mother, telling her to go home. Mae leaves, but not before lamenting the sacrifices she made for him ("A Mother Doesn't Matter Anymore"). Hugo tells the MacAfees and the other parents that the teenagers have gone to the Ice House, and they all declare that they do not know what's wrong with their kids ("Kids Reprise"). Randolph joins in, stating that his older sister and the other teens are "so ridiculous and so immature".
The adults and the police arrive at the Ice House and arrest Conrad for attemptedstatutory rape. Kim, who unconvincingly claimed to be in her late 20s to Conrad, claims she was intimidated and gladly returns to Hugo. After a reconciliation with Albert, Rosie tells Mae that she will marry Albert despite Mae's racist objections, and despite being anatural-born American citizen fromAllentown, Pennsylvania, she will deliberately play up her Hispanic heritage if it annoys Mae that much ("Spanish Rose"). Albert bails Conrad out of jail and arranges for him to sneak out of town dressed as a middle-aged woman, presumably so he can report for Army induction as scheduled; in turn, Conrad offers Albert a lifetime contract for bailing him out. Albert gets Mae to leave Sweet Apple on the same train, getting his mother and Conrad out of his life for good. Albert tells Rosie they're not going back to New York; they're going to Pumpkin Falls,Iowa, a small town in need of a (married) English teacher. Albert professes that everything is rosy with Rosie ("Rosie"), and they go off together happily engaged.
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In New York, the Broadway production opened on April 14, 1960, at theMartin Beck Theatre, transferring to the54th Street Theatre and then theShubert Theatre, closing on October 7, 1961 after 607 performances. The show was produced by Edward Padula and directed andchoreographed by Gower Champion, with orchestrations byRobert Ginzler, scenic design by Robert Randolph, costumes by Miles White and lighting byPeggy Clark.
The original Broadway cast includedDick Van Dyke,Chita Rivera,Paul Lynde,Dick Gautier,Susan Watson,Kay Medford,Charles Nelson Reilly, andMichael J. Pollard.[8] Reillyunderstudied as Albert Peterson for Van Dyke,[8] who periodically took time off (including a two-week hiatus to film the pilot episode ofThe Dick Van Dyke Show) and returned to the leading role. During pre-production,Chita Rivera took the role of Rosie after bothCarol Haney andEydie Gormé turned it down, and the character's last name was changed from "Grant" to "Alvarez".[9] Replacements during the run includedGene Rayburn as Albert andGretchen Wyler as Rosie, both of whom joined the cast on April 9, 1961.[10]
The musical played in July 1961 at theLos Angeles Philharmonic Auditorium as part of the 1961 season of theLos Angeles Civic Light Opera.[11] After a two-and-a-half-week pre-run tryout at theManchester Opera House,[12] the show opened in London'sWest End atHer Majesty's Theatre in June 1961, withPeter Marshall as Albert, Rivera reprising her role as Rosie,Angela Baddeley as Mae andMarty Wilde as Conrad Birdie. That production ran for 268 performances.[13]
A U.S. tour from mid-1990 through June 1991 starredTommy Tune as Albert,Ann Reinking as Rosie,Marc Kudisch as Conrad,Marcia Lewis as Mrs. Peterson,Steve Zahn as Hugo, andSusan Egan as Kim.[14][15]
TheNew York City CenterEncores! staged concert production ran in May 2004, withKaren Ziemba as Rosie, Daniel Jenkins as Albert, Jessica Grové as Kim, and Bob Gaynor as Conrad.[16]
An abridged version ofBye Bye Birdie was presented at theKennedy Center in Washington, DC, October 2–5, 2008, as part of itsBroadway: Three Generations production.Laura Osnes played Kim andLeslie Kritzer played Rosie.[17]
From June 7–15, 2024, a new production was produced at the Kennedy Center, directed by Marc Bruni, and starringChristian Borle as Albert,Krysta Rodriguez as Rosie,Ephraim Sykes as Conrad, andRichard Kind as Harry MacAfee.[18]
TheRoundabout Theatre Company's limited-run Broadway revival began previews atHenry Miller's Theatre on September 10, 2009, opened to unanimously negative reviews on October 15,[19] and was scheduled to close January 10, 2010 before it was extended until April 25.[20] Due to poor advance sales after the departures ofJohn Stamos andGina Gershon's contracts, the closing date was moved up by three months to January 24.[21]Robert Longbottom was the director-choreographer, with Stamos and Gershon starring as Albert and Rosie,Bill Irwin as Harry MacAfee,Jayne Houdyshell as Mrs. Mae Peterson,Nolan Gerard Funk as Conrad,Allie Trimm as Kim MacAfee andMatt Doyle as Hugo Peabody.[22]
Although Longbottom spoke extensively about how the show was being revised and refined for the revival,[23] there were no interpolations from the film or TV adaptations of the show barring the title tune written for the film, which was used as a finale.[24]
Bye Bye Birdie was first adapted for film in 1963. It starredDick Van Dyke reprising his stage role as a slightly rewritten Albert Peterson,Maureen Stapleton as Mae Peterson,Janet Leigh as Rosie,Paul Lynde reprising his stage role as Mr. MacAfee,Bobby Rydell as Hugo Peabody, andAnn-Margret as Kim MacAfee.Jesse Pearson played Conrad Birdie.[25]Ed Sullivan makes a guest appearance as himself. The film is credited with making Ann-Margret a superstar during the mid-1960s, leading to her appearing with the realElvis Presley inViva Las Vegas (1964). The film ranked number 38 onEntertainment Weekly's list of the 50 Best High School Movies.[26]
Several significant changes were made in the plot and character relationships in the film version. Albert is not Birdie's agent but a talented research chemist who is struggling as a songwriter only to please his mother, who is overbearing and insensitive, but not racist as in the musical. He contributed to Birdie's initial success, and therefore Birdie "owes" him a favor. The film version includes an additional character, a suave English teacher who flirts with Rosie. She plays up to him in several scenes after Albert has made her angry by caving in to his mother. The positioning and context of several songs were changed as well. "An English Teacher", "Normal American Boy", "One Hundred Ways", "What Did I Ever See in Him?", "Baby, Talk to Me", and "Spanish Rose" were omitted from the film. "Kids" was performed in the MacAfee kitchen by Mr. MacAfee, Mama Mae Peterson, Albert, and Randolph. "Put On a Happy Face" was performed by Albert and Rosie in the MacAfees' back yard; "A Lot of Livin' to Do" was performed by Conrad, Kim, and Hugo at a teen dance; and "Rosie" was sung at the end of show by Albert, Rosie, Hugo, and Kim. Kim also opens and closes the film version singing the title song, "Bye Bye, Birdie", a song written for the film. The film version ends on a brighter and lighter note than the stage musical. Conrad is not arrested, but Hugo knocks him out with a single punch "live" onThe Ed Sullivan Show and wins Kim's heart. Thus, there is no necessity for Albert to bail Conrad out of jail and arrange for him to sneak out of town dressed as a middle-aged woman, presumably so he can report for Army induction as scheduled. There is also no need for Conrad to offer Albert a lifetime contract for bailing him out. Albert's mother shows up after the broadcast with Charles F. Maude (the bartender), informs Albert and Rosie that she has married him, and gives Albert and Rosie her blessing for their long-postponed wedding.
Van Dyke and other members of the Broadway production were unhappy with the film adaptation due to the focus shift to Kim. Van Dyke stated that Birdie was "a romp'" on Broadway, but they "Hollywood-ized" the movie. "They made it a vehicle for Ann-Margret."[27] Paul Lynde, who played Mr. MacAfee on stage and in the film, later quipped "They should have retitled it 'Hello, Ann-Margret!' They cut several of my and the other actors' best scenes and shot new ones for her so she could do her teenage-sex-bombshell act."[28][better source needed]Susan Watson, who created the role of Kim on Broadway, later said, "Anyone who likes the film didn't see the show."[29] In January 2009,Adam Shankman signed on to develop and produce a remake.[30]
ATV-movie adaptation was produced forABC in 1995 byRHI Entertainment. It starredJason Alexander in the role of Albert andVanessa Williams as Rosie.Tyne Daly played Mae Peterson.Marc Kudisch, who played Conrad Birdie on tour oppositeTommy Tune, reprised the role.Chynna Phillips played Kim MacAfee,Sally Mayes played Mrs. MacAfee andGeorge Wendt played Harry MacAfee. While this version remained mostly faithful to the original musical (Michael Stewart remains the only credited author of this version), several songs were added and re-arranged, and dialogue was slightly rewritten to smoothly facilitate the musical changes. The title song "Bye Bye, Birdie", written for the 1963 film and sung by Ann-Margret, was re-arranged and rewritten as a quintet for Ursula and the Sweet Apple Birdie fan club girls at the soda shop. The verse of "One Boy" that Rosie sings was replaced with "Let's Settle Down". The reference toSammy Kaye in "Kids" was cut. The "How to Kill a Man" ballet was cut. "What Did I Ever See in Him?" was given a reprise sung by Albert, called "What Did I Ever See in Her?". The song "Baby, Talk to Me" returned to the show. "Spanish Rose" was moved to earlier in the story. "A Mother Doesn't Matter Anymore", sung by Mae Peterson was written for this version using some of the monologue it replaces.[31] Albert tells Rosie how he has finally broken free of his overbearing mother in "A Giant Step". This song was written for the 1990 US tour.[32]
On October 27, 2016 it was announced thatJennifer Lopez would star in NBC'sBye Bye Birdie Live as Rose "Rosie" Alvarez[33] and executive produce with her producing partners Elaine Goldsmith-Thomas and Benny Medina alongside film, TV, and live musical executive producers Craig Zadan and Neil Meron.[34] The live television musical was initially announced to premiere in December 2017,[35] but on May 25, 2017, it was announced that it would be pushed to sometime in 2018 to accommodate Lopez's busy schedule.[36] On March 2, 2018, it was announced that the production had been pushed back once again, this time to 2019 at the earliest due to Lopez's busy schedule and the producers focusing onJesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert.[37]
NBC had in May 2018 announced plans to broadcast a live production ofHair but canceled those plans in the wake of the failure ofFox'sRent: Live in early 2019, as well as being up against the series finale ofGame of Thrones and the season finale ofAmerican Idol. NBC said it intends to replace it with a more family-friendly musical and noted that if Lopez's cooperation could be secured,Bye Bye Birdie could replaceHair.[38]
However due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Bye Bye Birdie Live got cancelled indefinitely and was replaced byDr. Seuss' The Grinch Musical Live![39]
In 1981, there was a short-lived Broadway sequel,Bring Back Birdie, starringDonald O'Connor and returning original cast memberChita Rivera. It closed after 31 previews and four performances.[40]
The original production ofBye Bye Birdie opened to mostly positive reviews, with several critics marveling at the unexpected success of a musical crafted by an inexperienced production team. John Champman of theNew York Daily News called it "the funniest, most captivating, and most expert musical comedy one could hope to see ... the show is pure, plain musical comedy, with jokes, dancing, oddball costumes ... exceptionally catching orchestrations ... and a completely enthusiastic cast." He noted that "one of the best things about it is that practically nobody is connected to it. Who ever heard of Edward Padula ... Charles Strouse and Lee Adams ... Gower Champion?"[41]
Frank Aston of theNew York World-Telegram & Sun declaredBye Bye Birdie "the peak of the season" and especially likedChita Rivera as Rosie: "Chita Rivera ... is triumphant as dancer, comic, and warbler."[41] In theNew York Daily Mirror, Robert Coleman wrote that "Edward Padula put over a sleeper in the Broadway sweepstakes, and it's going to pay off in big figures ... Rivera explodes like a bomb over West 45th Street. Michael Stewart has penned a sassy and fresh book, while Lee Adams and Charles Strouse have matched it with tongue-in-cheek lyrics and music."[41]
Richard Watts Jr. in theNew York Post wrote that while he had been "skeptical about the possibilities ... I am happy to say that I was wrong in questioning the creative powers of imagination, freshness and talent." He particularly praisedDick Gautier, whose portrayal of Conrad Birdie "is little short of perfection."[42]
New York Herald Tribune critic Walter Kerr praised Gower Champion's direction but criticized the libretto and score, stating that "Mr. Champion has been very much responsible for the gayety (sic), the winsomeness, and the exuberant zing of the occasion ... he has not always been given the very best to work with ... every once in a while, Michael Stewart's book starts to break down and cry ... Lee Adams's lyrics lean rather heavily on the new "talk-out-the-plot" technique, and Charles Strouse's tunes, though jaunty, are whisper-thin."[41]Brooks Atkinson ofThe New York Times conceded that "the audience was beside itself with pleasure" but dryly stated that "this department was able to contain itself.Bye Bye Birdie is neither fish, fowl, nor good musical comedy. It needs work."[41]
| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | Tony Award | Best Musical | Won | |
| Best Featured Actor in a Musical | Dick Van Dyke | Won | ||
| Dick Gautier | Nominated | |||
| Best Featured Actress in a Musical | Chita Rivera | Nominated | ||
| Best Direction of a Musical | Gower Champion | Won | ||
| Best Choreography | Won | |||
| Best Conductor and Musical Director | Elliot Lawrence | Nominated | ||
| Best Scenic Design | Robert Randolph | Nominated | ||
