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Buteoninae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Subfamily of birds

Buteoninae

Westernred-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis calurus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Accipitriformes
Family:	Accipitridae
Subfamily:	Buteoninae Vigors, 1825
Genera
About 19, see article

TheButeoninae are a subfamily ofbirds of prey which consists of medium to large, broad-wingedspecies.

They have large, powerful, hookedbeaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, and powerfultalons. They also have extremely keen eyesight to enable them to spot potentialprey from a distance.

This subfamily contains thebuzzards (buteonine hawks) with great diversity in appearance and form and some appearing eagle-like, with at least 50 species included overall in the subfamily. At one time, several types were grouped, including large assemblages such as booted eagles, but modern studies usingmitochondrial DNA clarified that this subfamily was smaller than formerly classified.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Systematics

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The subfamily Buteoninae was introduced (as "Buteonina") by the Irish zoologistNicholas Vigors in 1825 withButeo as thetype genus.^[4]^[5] The subfamily includes about 79 currently recognized species.^[6] Unlike the many lineages ofAccipitridae which seem to have radiated out of Africa or South Asia, the Buteoninae clearly originated in the Americas based on fossil records and current species distributions (more than 75% of the extant raptors from this lineage are found in the Americas).^[7]^[8]

A genus levelcladogram of the Buteoninae is shown below. It is based on amolecular phylogenetic study of the family Accipitridae by Therese Catanach and collaborators that was published in 2024.^[9]

Buteoninae

Milvini

	Milvus – kites (3 species - with split of yellow-billed)

	Haliastur – kites (2 species)

	Haliaeetus – sea and fish eagles (4 species)

	Icthyophaga – sea and fish eagles (6 species)

Buteonini

Butastur – buzzards (4 species)

Ictinia – kites (2 species)

Geranospiza – crane hawk

Busarellus – black-collared hawk

	Rostrhamus – snail kite

	Helicolestes – slender-billed kite

Morphnarchus – barred hawk

	Cryptoleucopteryx – plumbeous hawk

	Buteogallus – hawks and eagles (9 species)

	Rupornis – roadside hawk (placement uncertain)

	Parabuteo – hawks (2 species)

	Geranoaetus – hawks and eagles (3 species)

	Pseudastur – hawks (3 species)

	Leucopternis – hawks (3 species)

	Buteo – hawks and buzzards (28 species)

Genera

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Tribe	Genus	Species
MilviniVigors 1824-milvine kites and sea and fish eagles.	MilvusLacépède, 1799	Red kite,Milvus milvus Cape Verde kite,Milvus (milvus) fasciicaudaextinct (2000) Black kite,Milvus migrans Black-eared kite,Milvus (migrans) lineatus Yellow-billed kite,Milvus aegyptius
	HaliasturSelby, 1840	Brahminy kite,Haliastur indus Whistling kite,Haliastur sphenurus
	HaliaeetusSavigny, 1809	Steller's sea eagleHaliaeetus pelagicus Pallas's fish eagleHaliaeetus leucoryphus White-tailed eagleHaliaeetus albicilla Bald eagleHaliaeetus leucocephalus
	IcthyophagaLesson, 1843	White-bellied sea eagleIcthyophaga leucogaster Sanford's sea eagleIcthyophaga sanfordi African fish eagleIcthyophaga vocifer Madagascar fish eagleIcthyophaga vociferoides Grey-headed fish eagleIcthyophaga ichthyaetus Lesser fish eagleIcthyophaga humilis
ButeoniniVigors 1824	ButasturHodgson, 1843	Rufous-winged buzzard (B. liventer) Grasshopper buzzard (B. rufipennis) White-eyed buzzard (B. teesa) Grey-faced buzzard (B. indicus)
	IctiniaVieillot, 1816	Mississippi kite (Ictinia mississippiensis) Plumbeous kite (Ictinia plumbea)
	GeranospizaKaup, 1847	Crane hawk (Geranospiza caerulescens)
	BusarellusLesson, 1843	Black-collared hawk (Busarellus nigricollis)
	RostrhamusLesson, 1830	Snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis)
	HelicolestesBangs & Penard, 1918	Slender-billed kite (Helicolestes hamatus)
	MorphnarchusRidgway, 1920	Barred hawk (Morphnarchus princeps)
	CryptoleucopteryxAmaral et al., 2009	Plumbeous hawk (Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea)
	ButeogallusLesson, 1830	Slate-colored hawkButeogallus schistaceus White-necked hawkButeogallus lacernulatus Rufous crab hawk,Buteogallus aequinoctialis Common black hawk,Buteogallus anthracinus Mangrove black hawk,Buteogallus (anthracinus) subtilis – formerly considered a distinct species, but now considered a subspecies. Cuban black hawk,Buteogallus gundlachii – formerly included inB. anthracinus Great black hawk,Buteogallus urubitinga Savanna hawk,Buteogallus meridionalis Chaco eagle,Buteogallus coronatus Solitary eagle,Buteogallus solitarius
	RupornisKaup, 1844	Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris)
	ParabuteoRidgway, 1874	Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) White-rumped hawk (Parabuteo leucorrhous)
	GeranoaetusKaup, 1844	White-tailed hawk (Geranoaetus albicaudatus) Variable hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma) Black-chested buzzard-eagle (Geranoaetus melanoleucus)
	PseudasturBlyth, 1849	Mantled hawk (Pseudastur polionotus) White hawk (Pseudastur albicollis) Gray-backed hawk (Pseudastur occidentalis)
	LeucopternisKaup, 1847	Semiplumbeous hawk (Leucopternis semiplumbeus) Black-faced hawk (Leucopternis melanops) White-browed hawk (Leucopternis kuhli)
	ButeoLacépède, 1799	Common buzzard,Buteo buteo Eastern buzzard,Buteo japonicus Himalayan buzzard,Buteo refectus Cape Verde buzzard,Buteo bannermani Socotra buzzard,Buteo socotraensis Red-tailed hawk,Buteo jamaicensis Long-legged buzzard,Buteo rufinus Rough-legged buzzard,Buteo lagopus Ferruginous hawk,Buteo regalis Red-shouldered hawk,Buteo lineatus Broad-winged hawk,Buteo platypterus Swainson's hawk,Buteo swainsoni Ridgway's hawk,Buteo ridgwayi Short-tailed hawk,Buteo brachyurus White-throated hawk,Buteo albigula Galápagos hawk,Buteo galapagoensis Gray-lined hawk,Buteo nitidus Gray hawk,Buteo plagiatus Zone-tailed hawk,Buteo albonotatus Hawaiian hawk,Buteo solitarius Rufous-tailed hawk,Buteo ventralis Mountain buzzard,Buteo oreophilus Forest buzzard,Buteo trizonatus Madagascar buzzard,Buteo brachypterus Upland buzzard,Buteo hemilasius Red-necked buzzard,Buteo auguralis Jackal buzzard,Buteo rufofuscus Augur buzzard,Buteo augur

Extinct Genera

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†Bermuteo Olson, 2008
†Garganoaetus Ballmann, 1973

References

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^Lerner, H. R., Klaver, M. C., & Mindell, D. P. (2008).Molecular phylogenetics of the Buteonine birds of prey (Accipitridae). The Auk, 125(2), 304-315.
^Lerner, H. R., & Mindell, D. P. (2005).Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 37(2), 327-346.
^Lerner, H., Christidis, L., Gamauf, A., Griffiths, C., Haring, E., Huddleston, C. J., Kabra, S., Kocum, A., Krosby, M., Kvaloy, K., Mindell, D., Rasmussen, P., Rov, N., Wadleigh, R., Michael Wink & Gjershaug, J. O. (2017).Phylogeny and new taxonomy of the Booted Eagles (Accipitriformes: Aquilinae). Zootaxa 4216 (4), 301-320.
^Vigors, Nicholas Aylward (1825)."Sketches in ornithology ; or, observations on the leading affinities of some of the more extensive groups of birds".Zoological Journal.2: 368–405 [393].
^Bock, Walter J. (1994).History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 172, 264.hdl:2246/830.
^Gill, Frank; Donsker, David;Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (December 2023)."Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors".IOC World Bird List Version 14.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved3 April 2024.
^Brodkorb, P. (1964).Catalogue of fossil birds: Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes). University of Florida.
^Lerner, H. R.; Klaver, M. C. & Mindell, D. P. (2008)."Molecular phylogenetics of the Buteonine birds of prey (Accipitridae)"(PDF).The Auk.125 (2):304–315.doi:10.1525/auk.2008.06161. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2021-08-31. Retrieved2019-02-28.
^Catanach, T.A.; Halley, M.R.; Pirro, S. (2024). "Enigmas no longer: using ultraconserved elements to place several unusual hawk taxa and address the non-monophyly of the genusAccipiter (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)".Biological Journal of the Linnean Society blae028.doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blae028.

External links

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Accipitridae videos on the Internet Bird Collection

Subfamily:Buteoninae

Genus	Species (extinctions: † indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
Geranoaetus	Black-chested buzzard-eagle Variable hawk White-tailed hawk
Buteo	Common buzzard Eastern buzzard Himalayan buzzard Cape Verde buzzard Socotra buzzard Red-tailed hawk Long-legged buzzard Rough-legged buzzard Ferruginous hawk Red-shouldered hawk Broad-winged hawk Swainson's hawk Ridgway's hawk White-rumped hawk Short-tailed hawk White-throated hawk Galapagos hawk Gray hawk Zone-tailed hawk Hawaiian hawk Rufous-tailed hawk Forest buzzard Mountain buzzard Madagascar buzzard Upland buzzard Red-necked buzzard Jackal buzzard Archer's buzzard Augur buzzard
Rupornis	Roadside hawk
Parabuteo	Harris's hawk White-rumped hawk
Buteogallus	Rufous crab hawk Common black hawk Cuban black hawk Great black hawk Savanna hawk
Busarellus	Black-collared hawk
Leucopternis	White-browed hawk White-necked hawk Black-faced hawk Plumbeous hawk Barred hawk Slate-colored hawk Semiplumbeous hawk
Pseudastur	Grey-backed hawk White hawk Mantled hawk
Kaupifalco	Lizard buzzard
Butastur	Rufous-winged buzzard Grasshopper buzzard White-eyed buzzard Grey-faced buzzard
Harpyhaliaetus	Chaco eagle Solitary eagle

Taxon identifiers
Buteoninae	Wikidata:Q754889 Wikispecies:Buteoninae iNaturalist:1542783 Paleobiology Database:146035

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