.jpg)
Acentral business district (CBD) is thecommercial andbusiness center of a city. It contains commercial space and offices, and in larger cities will often be described as afinancial district. Geographically, it often coincides with the "city centre" or "downtown". However, these concepts are not necessarily synonymous: many cities have acentralbusiness district located away from its traditional city center, and there may be multiple CBDs within a single urban area. The CBD will often be highly accessible and have a large variety and concentration of specialised goods and services compared to other parts of the city.[1]Midtown Manhattan is the world's largest central business district.
InChicago, theChicago Loop is the second-largest central business district in the United States. It is also referred to as the core of the city's downtown.
Mexico City also has its ownhistoric city center, the colonial era "Centro Histórico", along with two CBDs: the mid-late 20th centuryPaseo de la Reforma inPolanco, and the newSanta Fe, respectively.Russia's largest central business district is theMoscow International Business Center inMoscow.
The shape and type of a central business district almost always closely reflect the city's history. Cities with strongpreservation laws and maximum building height restrictions to retain the character of the historic and cultural core may have a CBD quite a distance from the city centre (and in some cases, outside the city limits itself). This distinction is quite common in European cities such asParis,Moscow,Vienna,Prague andBudapest. TheNew World grew quickly after the emergence of modern transport, therefore a single centre often included many of the region's tallest buildings and served as both a commercial and cultural city centre.
In the 21st century, increasingurbanisation has led to the development ofmegacities that often have multiple CBDs scattered across the urban area. Downtown sections of cities, especially inNorth America, often are distinct from CBDs and city centres.[2] No two CBDs have the same spatial shape, but there are certain common geometric patterns, which are largely a result of centralised commercial and industrial activities.[3]
InAustralia, the term CBD is widely used officially and colloquially, in the sense of city centre. The three biggest cities,Sydney,Melbourne andBrisbane[4] have large CBDs. Sydney features growing micro central business districts, which serve as the hub for their respective areas outside the CBD. An example isParramatta (which is considered the financial hub ofWestern Sydney),Chatswood andNorth Sydney. Also on the outskirts of Brisbane, withinBrisbane-Gold Coast urban area with a population of three million,[5] a new microcentral business district being created inSouthport.
.jpg)
São Paulo is a multipolar city, with several business districts.Avenida Faria Lima and the neighboring districts,Itaim Bibi andVila Olímpia, now concentrate a large part of the financial activities in São Paulo andBrazil.Avenida Paulista and nearby streets is a well-established financial center that has several banking offices and corporate headquarters, as well as hospitals. ItsHistoric Center was the city's first business center; There, theSão Paulo Stock Exchange is located. The region comprising Avenidas Berrini, Doutor Chucri Zaidan, and Nações Unidas, the city's newest commercial district, has offices of multinational companies and also commercial services.
InRio de Janeiro, Brazil's second-largest city, the main business district still is in downtown, wherePetrobrás and Vale headquarters are located, but there is a concentration of business inBotafogo harbor and inBarra da Tijuca, a newer Rio de Janeiro suburb located in city's west region.
.jpg)
_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
The largest CBD inColombia isBogotá'sCentro Internacional, where some of the tallest buildings inSouth America have been repurposed as national headquarters forScotiabank Colpatria,Davivienda, andBancolombia, among others.
Over the years, Bogotá has developed minor business districts, which includeAvenida Chile,Ciudad Salitre, with companies likeAvianca,Rappi,Johnson & Johnson,Terpel,Hilton,Hyatt,Marriott,Sheraton,Ramada,City Express,Aloft andNovotel; orComplejo Santa Bárbara, the last of which features the onlyW Hotel in the city.
Colombia's other notable CBDs includeParque Berrío inMedellín,Bocagrande inCartagena (the largest touristic CBD in the country), andPaseo de Bolívar inBarranquilla.
.JPG)
La Défense, west ofParis, isFrance's largest central business district. La Défense was in 2017 ranked as the leading CBD in continental Europe, and the fourth in the world.[6]
La Défense hosts 19 of theworld's biggest 500 companies, whilst theParis region as a whole hosts 29 of the world's 500 largest companies, establishing itself as the first city in Europe (and the third worldwide) for the number of companies classified inFortuneFortune Global 500.[7]
InGermany, the termsInnenstadt andStadtzentrum may be used to describe the central business district. These terms can be literally translated as "inner city" and "city center". Some of thelarger cities have more than one central business district. For example,Berlin alone has three.[citation needed]
Due to Berlin's history of division during theCold War, the city contains central business districts both in West (Kurfürstendamm) and in East Berlin (Alexanderplatz), as well as a newly built business district near thePotsdamer Platz. The city'shistoric center (home to theReichstag building, as well as theBrandenburg Gate and most federal ministries) was largely abandoned when theBerlin Wall cut through the area. Only after the reunification with the redevelopment ofPotsdamer Platz, and the construction of numerous shopping centers, government ministries, embassies, office buildings and entertainment venues, was the area revived.
InFrankfurt am Main's city center, there is a business district called the "Bankenviertel".
InDüsseldorf, there is a business district which is located around the famous high streetKönigsallee with banks, shops and offices.[8]
Traditionally, the Central Business District "CBD" ofHong Kong isCentral, where many multinationalfinancial services corporations have their headquarters.[citation needed] Consulates general and consulates of many countries are also located in this area, as isGovernment Hill, the site of the old government headquarters.[citation needed] As the Hong Kong SAR Government Headquarters moved to Tamar, Admiralty, the nearby area is also considered part of the CBD.
InQuarry Bay,Taikoo Place and areas nearby, includingAdmiralty,Wan Chai andCauseway Bay, andTsim Sha Tsui,Kwun Tong, andKowloon Bay are regarded as major business districts of Hong Kong.[citation needed]
India's capitalNew Delhi has been known for its CBD atConnaught Place. For the financial capital of the country, the famous CBD isThe Bandra Kurla Complex inMumbai. InMumbai itself there isNariman Point, which is another CBD includingAndheri andParel.Parry's Corner andNungambakkam are among the main CBDs ofChennai.
Bangalore has five notable business districts:UB City, Brigade Gateway,Koramangala,Indiranagar, andElectronic City.Lucknow has three business districts, includingHazratganj Market, Gomti Nagar Extension at the extended area ofGomti Nagar, andAminabad in old Lucknow.Kolkata also has central business districts, includingB.B.D. Bagh,Park Circus,Esplanade,Salt Lake Sector V, andNew Town.
The largest CBD inIndonesia is theGolden Triangle (Segitiga Emas inIndonesian) inJakarta.Sudirman Central Business District, a super block that is located within the Golden Triangle, is the first of its kind in Indonesia, and one of the largest commercial center developments in the city. Jakarta started developing its business district in the early 1960s before hosting theAsian Games in 1962.[9]
Surabaya inEast Java built its first central business district in the Darmo region. The construction was expected to be completed by 2018 with 150 SOHO units and 500 residences.[10]
InItaly, business districts do not coincide with the geographical centers of the city because the city center is the historical center of the city, and usually not very suitable to function as a modern business district.[original research?]
A precursor to modern business districts isEUR inRome, which is now home to several national and international companies and public bodies.
The EUR, theNapoli business district, theMilan business district, andCity Life, are among the most important commercial areas in Italy. Other important business and financial centers are present inGenoa andBrescia.
.jpg)
_04.JPG)
In Pakistan, a central business district or a large, concentrated urban setting within a settlement is called ashehar.Karachi is Pakistan's largest city and the country's economic hub; theI. I. Chundrigar Road acts as Karachi's main financial district.Shahra-e-Faisal in Karachi is also one of the most important business districts of Pakistan.[citation needed]
Gulberg, Lahore has a large number of important office buildings as well as many high-rises and shopping malls.Pakistan established its first central business district, Lahore Central Business District, also known as Central Business District Punjab (CBD Punjab) by an ACT of Parliament (LCBDDA Act, 2021) in February 2021.[citation needed]
Jinnah Avenue inIslamabad is the main business district of the city.Blue Area is the central business district ofIslamabad.
D Ground is the central business district ofFaisalabad andSaddar is the main central business district ofRawalpindi.
InPeru, the central business district isSan Isidro, inLima, which hosts the majority of Peru's financial industry headquarters.[11] Although still a largely residential district, the commercial and business activity located in or in the vicinity of the area.[12][13] It has[when?] a permanent population of around 63,000 inhabitants[14] and, during weekday business hours, a floating population that exceeds 700,000 daily commuters from other districts inLima, the national capital.[15]
San Isidro is served by three stations ofEl Metropolitano, Lima'sbus rapid transit system:Estación Javier Prado,Estación Canaval y Moreyra (with over 16,000 daily passengers)[16][17] andEstación Aramburú.
In the early 21st century, the southeastern district ofSurco[18] experienced a significant increase in upscale corporate developments in the area comprised by avenues Manuel Holguín, El Derby, El Polo, and La Encalada due to lower restrictions to grantconstruction permit and proximity to residential middle and upper class districts and is set to become, after traditionalSan Isidro andMiraflores, the newfinancial center ofLima.
 | This sectiondoes notcite anysources. Please helpimprove this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved.(March 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
The Philippines has three major central business districts, which are all located in Metro Manila. Bonifacio Global City (second) is the newest and one of the largest central business districts in the Philippines. The Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA), Ayala Land, Inc. and Evergreen Holdings, Inc. controls Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation, which oversees the master planning of Bonifacio Global City. Ortigas Center (fourth), with an area of more than 100 hectares (250 acres), is the Philippines' second most important business district after the Makati CBD and is home to Asian Development Bank. Meanwhile, the Makati Central Business District (third), also known as the Makati CBD, is the leading financial and the largest central business district in the Philippines.
_-_Flickr.jpg)
InPoland, the termsśródmieście orcentrum are often used to describe the central business district.
| This sectiondoes notcite anysources. Please helpimprove this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved.(March 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
The largest central business district inRussia is theMoscow International Business Center (MIBC) inMoscow, a commercial development located just east of theThird Ring Road at the western edge of thePresnensky District in theCentral Administrative Okrug of the city. As of 2021, it is still under development. The construction of the MIBC takes place on the Presnenskaya Embankment of theMoskva River, approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) west ofRed Square, overlooked by the Third Ring Road. The project occupies an area of 60 hectares.
The second-largest central business district isYekaterinburg-City inYekaterinburg, thefourth-largest city in the country. It is located on theIset River, and is under development as of 2021. The area occupies five hectares.
_-_1.jpg)
Saudi Arabia has several business districts, including:
InSingapore, the CBD is in theDowntown Core, one of the constituentplanning areas of theCentral Area, the country'scity center. Its densest point is centered aroundRaffles Place, where most of Singapore's skyscrapers are located. The CBD sometimes also describes Central Area as a whole.
Singapore's CBD is the historic heart of the city-state, which makes it a mix of a tourist attraction and a business center. The CBD includes several multinational corporate headquarters,Singapore Management University, and historical buildings and museums.
As of 2016, theSingaporean government intends to redevelopJurong East into a second CBD in Singapore.[19] The area has also been earmarked as the site of the rail terminus for theKuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail.
South Africa's largest cities,Cape Town,Durban,Johannesburg,Pretoria, andPort Elizabeth, have CBDs that include the corporate headquarters for many of South Africa's largest companies, itsconvention centers, and many of the country's tallest buildings.
Cape Town has one of South Africa's most iconic skyline (which includesTable Mountain) and the city's CBD.[20]
InSouth Korea, the national capital ofSeoul includes three central business districts. TheDowntown Seoul, a historic area inside theFortress Wall of Seoul in theJongno andJung districts has historically been the city's political, social and cultural heart, and still houses many corporate headquarters and political institutions in South Korea. It is also the most popular area for tourists and the city's main commercial district. While the district has a high density of high rise buildings, the tallest building, the SK Building, only reaches a height of 160m due to historic preservation regulations.[21]: 134–135
The second main district, located in the southeast part of Seoul, isGangnam District, an area that was developed in the 1980s and is now among the city's most affluent neighborhoods. The Gangnam District has concentration mainly in economic power of Seoul, as many of prominent company HQs are located onTeheran Avenue. Gangnam Avenue and Yeondong Avenue, which includes theCOEX mall, are major thoroughfares in Seoul. The tallest buildings in Gangnam includeTower Palace One, a residential complex,Trade Tower, Gangnam Finance Center, and Parnas Tower.
Seoul's third business district isYeouido, an island located in central Seoul in theYeongdeungpo District. Yeouido was developed in the 1970s; since the 1990s, however, it has become Seoul's financial center. Smaller in geographic size that the other two business districts, Yeouido has some of Seoul's tallest skyscrapers, includingParc1 Tower,International Finance Center Seoul, and the63 Building. Yeouido is where theNational Assembly of South Korea and many media companies and political institutions are based.
Smaller but notable central business districts in South Korea include theJamsil area, which is the location of the 555-metre tallLotte World Tower,Guro Digital Complex,Gasan Digital Complex, theMagok Business District, theSangam Digital Media City, theMunjeong Administrative Town, and Mapo Avenue. The area nearYongsan Station, including the proposedYongsan International Business District, is considered an emerging major commercial district that will exist in synergy with nearbyYeouido.
InBusan, South Korea's second-largest city, the central business district is along the Jungang Avenue, starting around the commercial area ofSeomyeon Station and then proceeding south to theBusan International Finance Center in Munhyeon-dong and the area nearBusan Station and Jungang-dong, where several corporate offices are located. A second major business district in Busan is Centum City, in theHaeundae District.
.jpg)
InSpain, the largest central business districts are inMadrid, the national capital.Paseo de la Castellana includes he city's main business districts: theGate of Europe,AZCA, andCTBA. AZCA is 19-hectare (47-acre) super block nearReal Madrid's stadiumSantiago Bernabéu. It was the country's main business area during the late 20th century when most of the region's skyscrapers were developed. The tallest building in AZCA is theTorre Picasso, a 158-tower[clarification needed] that was designed byMinoru Yamasaki architect, and includes the national headquarters for several multinational corporations, includingGoogle andDeloitte.
The Gate of Europe has twin towers, which hold Spanish bankBankia and Realia, a real estate company. A few blocks north of the Gate of Europe is CTBA, a complex of four skyscrapers that are the tallest in Spain. Notable architects, includingNorman Foster,Ieoh Ming Pei, andCesar Pelli, have designed its towers, which were completed in 2008. The tallest building,Torre de Cristal, is the fourth-tallest building isWestern Europe with a height of 250 meters (820 ft). The complex houses the Spain-based headquarters for several multinational corporations, includingKPMG,Coca-Cola,Volkswagen,Bankia,Cepsa,Pwc,OHL, and the embassies of theNetherlands,United Kingdom,Canada, andAustralia, and a five-star hotel owned byEurostars. A fifth tower is being forInstituto de Empresa university.
InBarcelona, the22@,Gran Via andGranvia l'Hospitalet are the city's two main business districts. The Catalan capital does not have a reputation for skyscrapers and financial hubs, but has attracted several media and technology companies, includingMicrosoft andYahoo!. In 2005, theTorre Agbar, designed by French architectJean Nouvel, is the third-tallest building in Barcelona with a height of 145 meters (476 ft) and was intended to become aHyatt hotel once administrative issues are resolved.[22]
InTaiwan, the term "city centre" (Chinese:市中心) is often used instead of central business district, but a different commercial district outside of the historic core is typically labelled a CBD (Chinese:中心商業區), "financial district" (Chinese:金融貿易區), or "Yolk area" (Chinese:蛋黃區). Taiwan also has many traditional central business districts.
InTaipei, the capital city ofTaiwan, the area around itsmain railway station, including theZhongzheng District, is regarded as Taipei's historic centre; it is home to many of Taiwan's national government buildings, including thePresidential Office, theExecutive Yuan, theControl Yuan, theLegislative Yuan, theJudicial Yuan, and various government ministries.
The second main district, in the central part Taipei, is theXinyi Special District, which was developed mostly in the 1990s, and has emerged as Taipei's financial, political, and commercial center. The district includes the greatest concentration of corporate headquarters and offices in Taipei and is amongst the nation's largest shopping districts. It also includes many of Taipei's tallest skyscrapers, including the 509.2-meter (1,671 ft)-tallTaipei 101,Taipei Nan Shan Plaza, andFubon Xinyi A25.[23]
Taipei's third business district,Nangang District, is situated in the very east of the city. Nangang was developed in the early 21st century and is the seat of theAcademia Sinica,Taipei World Trade Center Nangang Exhibition Hall, andNankang Software Park (NKSP).
Greater Taipei serves as a multi-centralmetropolitan area, and a few other areas have become important business districts, includingDaan District,Xinban Special District,Neihu District andXinzhuang Sub-city Center, which is considered to have the potential to emerge as a major commercial district in Taiwan, functioning in synergy with nearbySanchong District andWugu District.
InTaichung, Taiwan's second-largest city after Taipei, the central business district isTaichung's 7th Redevelopment Zone. It features broad and widely spaced boulevards, attractive apartments, department stores, and office towers, which are brightly lit at night.
InKaohsiung, Taiwan's harbour city, the central business district isAsia New Bay Area, which is home to the city's tallest skyscrapers, including85 Sky Tower andFarglory THE ONE andPort of Kaohsiung, the nation's largest port.
In Turkey,Ankara became the nation's capital in the early 20th century, butIstanbul has remained the main economic center of the country. But a 262 hectare central business district is planned in[24] Varlık,Altındağ.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
.jpg)
.JPG)
