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Burid dynasty

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Medieval Turkish principality in Syria
Burid dynasty
الدولة البورية
1104–1154
CapitalDamascus
Religion
Sunni Islam
GovernmentEmirate
Emir 
• 1104–1128
Toghtekin (first)
• 1140–1154
Mujir ad-Din Abaq (last)
History 
• Established
1104
• Disestablished
1154
CurrencyDinar
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Seljuk Empire
Zengid dynasty

TheBurid dynasty (Arabic: الدولة البوريةRomanized: Al-Dawla al-Buria) orthe Emirate of Damascus (Arabic: إمارة دمشقRomanized: Imarat Dimashq) was aSunni Muslim dynasty ofOghuz Turkic origin which ruled over the Emirate ofDamascus in the early 12th century, as subjects of theSeljuk Empire.

History

[edit]
See also:Tutush I andMalik-Shah I

The first Burid ruler,Toghtekin,[1] began as a servant to theSeljuk ruler of Damascus,Duqaq. Following Duqaq's death in 1104, he seized the city for himself.[citation needed]

The dynasty was named after Toghtekin's son,Taj al-Muluk Buri. The Burids gained recognition from theAbbasid caliphate in return for considerable gifts. In return, the caliphate did not interfere in the emirate.[2]

The Burids ruled the city until 1154, when it was taken by the ruler ofAleppo,Nur ed-Din, founder of theZengid dynasty.[3]

The Burids lost to theCrusaders in thebattle of Marj al-Saffar (1126) but were able to prevent theSecond Crusade from capturingDamascus.[citation needed]

Coinage of the Burid ruler Shihab al-Din Mahmud (1135-1140).Dimashq mint, dated AH 533 (1138-9 CE). This coin gives Shihab al-Din’s full name and patronymic, as well as citing hisSeljuq overlords,Sanjar andMas‘ud, and theAbbasid caliph,al-Muqtafi (called hereal-Imam, "the Priest").[4]

Burid emirs of Damascus

[edit]
Titular Name(s) (Laqab)Personal NameReign
Amir
أمیر
Saif-ul-Islam
سیف الاسلام
Zahir al-Din Toghtekin
ظاھر الدین طغتکین
1104–1128
Amir
أمیر
Taj al-Muluk Buri
تاج الملک بوری
1128–1132
Amir
أمیر
Shams al-Mulk Isma'il
شمس الملک اسماعیل
1132–1135
Amir
أمیر
Shihab al-Din Mahmud
شھاب الدین محمود
1135–1139
Amir
أمیر
Jamal al-Din Muhammad
جمال الدین محمد
1139–1140
Amir
أمیر
Mu'in al-Din Unur
معین الدین أنر
1140–1149
Regent
Amir
أمیر
Mujir-ud-din
مجیر الدین
Abu Saʿid Ābaq
ابو سعید ابق
1140–1154
Zengid dynasty replaces the Burid dynasty.

Family Tree

[edit]
Burid Dynasty
Zahir al-Din
Tughtekin

(1)
r. 1104-1128
Taj al-Muluk
Buri

(2)
r. 1128-1132
Shams al-Mulk
Isma'il

(3)
r. 1132-1135
Shihab al-Din
Mahmud

(4)
r. 1135-1139
Jamal al-Din
Muhammad

(5)
r. 1139-1140
Mujir al-Din
Abaq

(6)
r. 1140-1154

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^D.S. Richards,The Chronicle ofIbn Al-Athir for the Crusading Period fromAl-Kamil Fi'l-ta-Ta'rikh, (Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2010), 16.
  2. ^Burids, R. LeTourneau,The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed.H.A.R. Gibb,J.H. Kramers,É. Lévi-Provençal andJ. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 1332.
  3. ^Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z, Ed.Josef W. Meri,Jere L. Bacharach, (Taylor & Francis, 2006), 568.
  4. ^Obverse:al-amir Shihab al-Din Mahmud bin Buri in inner marginal legend;al-Imam / al-Muqtafi in field.Reverse:Sanjar / wa Mas‘ud in two lines across field. Album 782 (RRR); ICV 883.
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