Burdock piling (牛蒡積み,gobouzumi) is an advanced Japanese technique for building stone walls, named after the resemblance of the rough stones used to the ovate shapes of the blossoms of Japaneseburdock plants.[1][2] It was used to buildishi gaki (石垣), sloped stone walls which make up the foundations of manyJapanese castles, such asOsaka Castle.[3]
Large rocks are fitted together over a mound of earth, and the remaining cracks are filled in with pebbles. This stone fill is calledkuri ishi (栗石, chestnut stones) because of their small size. No mortar was used in the building of castle walls, which allowed the individual stones to move slightly duringearthquakes without causing significant wall damage.
This technique grew from an earlier Japanese wall-building technique known asdisordered piling.[2]
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