Bulugan orBulukhan (Mongolian:Булган хатан,ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ;Chinese:卜魯罕) was aMongol princess, the consort ofYuan emperorTemür Khan (r. 1294–1307). Bulugan acted as regent for her ill husband and virtually ruled the empire.

She belonged to theBaya'ut tribe, the daughter of Torgus Küregen who had servedGenghis Khan.

She was made empress followingShirindari's death in 1305.^[1][2]

Bulugan acted as regent for her ill husband and virtually ruled the empire. She made Shirindari's son Prince Deshou the heir apparent in June 1305. To ensure the boy's succession, she removed all the potential rivals from the court. For example,Darmabala's sonAyurbarwada was sent toHenan as the prince of Huaining,^[3] but Deshou died on 3 January 1306.

Later in 1307 when Temür Khan died, Bulugan kept away theKhunggirad-mothered brothersKhaishan andAyurbarwada and attempted to set upMuslimAnanda, son ofManggala as new khagan. Bulugan herself married Ananda and converted toIslam. Her alliance was supported by some senior officials of the Secretariat under Aqutai. Ananda was a popular prince who successfully protected the provinces of the Yuan against theÖgedeid andChaghatayid armies and had a bulk of the imperial army under him inAnxi. But he lacked of military power in the imperial capital city and was a Muslim opposed to the majority of the Buddhist and Tengriist Mongols. The Khongirad faction alarmed by it and arrested Ananda and Bulugan bycoup and recalled Ayurbarwada andDagi fromHenan. ThenKhayishan decided to hold the coronation ceremony inShangdu just as his great-grandfatherKhubilai Khan did, and advanced southward with the most part of his army. He was welcomed by Ayurbarwada, who gave up khanship, and ascended to the throne. They executed Ananda, Bulugan and their retainers in 1307.

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