Pre-Edo period

Edo period

List

• Edomachi-bugyō (江戸町奉行) – Magistrates or municipal administrators ofEdo.^[5]
  • Kita-machi-bugyō (北町奉行) – North Edo magistrate.^[6]
  • Minami-machi-bugyō (南町奉行) – South Edo magistrate.^[6]
• Fushin-bugyō (普請奉行) – Superintendents of Public Works.^[7]
• Gaikoku-bugyō (外国奉行) – Commissioners in charge of trade and diplomatic relations with foreign countries after 1858.^[8]
• Gunkan-bugyō (軍鑑奉行) – Commissioners in charge of naval matters (post-1859).^[8]
• Gusoku-bugyō (具足奉行) – Commissioners in charge of supplying the shogunal armies.
  • Bugu-bugyō (武具奉行) – Commissioners in charge of supplying the shogunal armies (post-1863), replacedGusoku-bugyō.
• Hakodate bugyō (箱館奉行) – Overseers of the port ofHakodate and neighboring territory ofEzo.^[8]
• Hanedabugyō (羽田奉行) – Overseers of the port ofHaneda; commissioners of coastal defenses near Edo (post-1853).^[9]
• Hyōgobugyō (兵庫奉行) – Overseers of the port ofHyōgo (post-1864).^[10]
• Jisha-bugyō (寺社奉行) – Ministers or administrators for religious affairs; overseers of the country's temples and shrines.^[11]
• Jiwari-bugyō (地割奉行)- Commissioners of surveys and surveying.^[12]
• Kanagawabugyō (神奈川奉行) – Overseers of the port ofKanagawa (post-1859).^[13]
• Kanjō-bugyō (勘定奉行) – Ministers or administrators for shogunal finance (post-1787).^[14]
  • Gundai (郡代)– Deputies.^[7]
  • Daikan (代官)- Deputies.^[7]
  • Kane-bugyō (金奉行) – Superintendents of the Treasury.
  • Kura-bugyō (倉庫奉行) – Superintendents of Cereal Stores.^[7]
  • Kinza (金座) – Goldza or monopoly office (post-1595).^[15]
  • Ginza (銀座) – Silverza or monopoly office (post-1598).^[15]
  • Dōza (銅座) – Copperza or monopoly office (post-1636)^[15] and (1701–1712, 1738–1746, 1766–1768).^[16]
  • Shuza (朱座) – Cinnabarza or monopoly office (post-1609).^[17]
• Kanjō-ginmiyaku – Comptrollers of Finance.^[7]
• Kantōgundai – Kantō deputies.^[7]
• Kinzan-bugyō (金山奉行) – Commissioners of mines.^[18]
• Kyotoshoshidai (京都所司代) -- Shogunal representatives at Kyoto.^[19]
  • Kyotomachi-bugyō (京都町奉行) – Magistrates or municipal administrators ofKyoto.^[20]
  • Fushimibugyō (伏見奉行) – Magistrates or municipal administrators ofFushimi (post-1620).^[21]
  • Narabugyō (奈良奉行) – Governors ofNara.^[22]
• Machi-bugyō (町奉行) – Magistrates or municipal administrators in shogunal cities: Edo, Kyoto, Nagasaki,Nara,Nikkō, andOsaka.^[19]
• Nagasakibugyō (長崎奉行) – Governor ofNagasaki.^[23]
• Niigatabugyō (新潟奉行) – Overseers of the port ofNiigata.
• Nikkōbugyō (日光奉行) – Overseers ofNikkō.^[24]
• Osakajōdai (大阪城代) – Overseers ofOsaka Castle.^[25]
  • Osakamachi-bugyō (大阪町奉行) – Magistrates or municipal administrators in shogunal cities likeOsaka.^[19]
  • Sakaibugyō (堺奉行) – Overseers of the town ofSakai.^[25]
• Rōya-bugyō (牢屋奉行) – Commissioners of the shogunal prison.^[26]
• Sadobugyō (佐渡奉行) – Overseers of the island ofSado.^[27]
• Sakuji-bugyō (作事奉行) – Commissioners of works (post-1632).^[28]
• Shimodabugyō (下田奉行) – Overseers of the port ofShimoda.^[29]
• Sumo-bugyō (相撲奉行) – Ancestors of the function ofgyōji. Officials during theKamakura shogunate in charge of refereeingsumo matches at the imperial court.^[30]
• Sunpujōdai (駿府城代) – Overseers ofSunpu Castle.^[25]
• Uragabugyō (浦賀奉行) – Overseers of the port ofUraga.^[31]
• Yamadabugyō (山田奉行) -- Representatives of the shogunate atIse.^[32]
• Zaimoku-ishi bugyō (材木石奉行) - Overseer of construction materials for the Shōgun's properties (from 1647)^[33]
• Zen bugyō (膳奉行) – Overseer of victuals for the Shōgun's table^[33]

Meiji period

See also

Notes

1. ^"Encyclopedia of Shinto詳細".國學院大學デジタルミュージアム (in Japanese). Retrieved2025-10-04.
2. ^^abKinihara, Misako.The Establishment of the Tosen-bugyō in the Reign of Ashikaga Yoshinori (唐船奉行の成立 : 足利義教による飯尾貞連の登用), Tokyo Woman's Christian University.Essays and S.tudies. Abstract.
3. ^Brinkley, Franket al. (1915).A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era, p. 436.
4. ^Cullin, Louis. (2003).A History of Japan, 1582–1941, p. 27.
5. ^Screech, Timon. (2006).Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822, p. 243 n113.
6. ^^abCunningham, Don. (2004).Taiho-Jutsu: Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai, p. 42.
7. ^^abcdefJansen, Marius. (1995).Warrior Rule in Japan, p. 186, citingJohn Whitney Hall. (1955).Tanuma Okitsugu: Forerunner of Modern Japan. Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
8. ^^abcBeasley, William. (1955).Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868, p. 322.
9. ^Cullen,p. 170.
10. ^Beasley, p. 323.
11. ^Screech,p. 245 n35; Beasley, p. 323.
12. ^Naito, Akira et al. (2003).Edo: the City that Became Tokyo, p. 26.
13. ^Beasley, p. 324.
14. ^Screech, p. 19; Beasley, p. 324; Roberts, Luke Shepherd. (1998).Mercantilism in a Japanese Domain: The Merchant Origins of Economic Nationalism in 18th Century Tosa, p. 207.
15. ^^abcJensen, p. 186; Schaede, Ulrike. (2000).Cooperative Capitalism: Self-Regulation, Trade Associations, and the Antimonopoly Law in Japan, p. 223.
16. ^Shimada, Ryuto. (2005).The Intra-Asian Trade in Japanese Copper by the Dutch East India Company, p. 51.
17. ^Takekoshi, Yosaburo. (1930).The economic aspects of the history of the civilization of Japan, p. 238.
18. ^Hall, John Whitney. (1955)Tanuma Okitsugu: Forerunner of Modern Japan, p. 201
19. ^^abcBeasley, p. 325.
20. ^Sasama Yoshihiko. (1995).Edo machi-bugyō jiten, p. 11; Screech, p. 19.
21. ^Murdoch, James. (1996)A History of Japan, p. 10; Jansen, Marius B. (1995).Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration, p. 226.
22. ^Murdoch,p. 10;
23. ^Screech,p. 12; Beasley, p. 326.
24. ^Screech,p. 241 n69.
25. ^^abcMurdoch,p. 9.
26. ^Sasama, p. 152.
27. ^Cullen,p. 112.
28. ^Coaldrake, William H. (1996)Architecture and Authority in Japan, p. 178.
29. ^Beasley, p. 329.
30. ^Cuyler, Patricia Lee (1979).Sumo: From rite to sport. New York: Weatherhill. p. 73.ISBN 9780834801455.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
31. ^Cullen,p. 173; Beasley p. 330.
32. ^Murdoch,p. 334.
33. ^^abPapinot, E (1910).Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan. Tuttle (reprint). p. 763.ISBN 0804809968.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
34. ^Van de Polder, Léon. (1891)."Abridged History of the Copper Coins of Japan,"Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan p. 419-500.

References

• Beasley, William G. (1951).Britain and the Opening of Japan, 1834–1858. London:Luzac & Company.reprinted byRoutledge, London, 1995.ISBN 978-1-873410-43-1 (paper)
• ____________. (1955).Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868. London:Oxford University Press. [reprinted byRoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001.ISBN 978-0-19-713508-2 (cloth)]
• Brinkley, Frank. (1915).A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. London:Encyclopædia Britannica.
• Coaldrake, William H. (1996)Architecture and Authority in Japan. London:Routledge.ISBN 978-0-415-10601-6 (paper)
• Cullen, Louis M. (2003).A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-82155-X (cloth) --ISBN 0-521-52918-2 (paper)
• Cunningham, Don. (2004).Taiho-Jutsu: Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai. Tokyo:Tuttle Publishing.ISBN 978-0-8048-3536-7 (cloth)
• Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge:Harvard University Press.ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5;OCLC 58053128
• Hall, John Whitney. (1955)Tanuma Okitsugu: Forerunner of Modern Japan. Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
• Jansen, Marius B. (1995).Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration. New York:Columbia University Press.ISBN 0-231-10173-2
• ____________. (1995).Warrior Rule in Japan. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-48404-9
• Kinihara, Misako.The Establishment of the Tosen bugyō in the Reign of Ashikaga Yoshinori (唐船奉行の成立 : 足利義教による飯尾貞連の登用), Tokyo Woman's Christian University.Essays and Studies. 44:2, 27–53.
• James Murdoch. (1926).A History of Japan. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.reprinted byRoutledge, 1996.ISBN 0-415-15417-0
• Naito, Akira, Kazuo Hozumi, and H. Mack Horto. (2003).Edo: the City that Became Tokyo. Tokyo:Kodansha.ISBN 4-7700-2757-5
• Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A.R. (1956).Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869. Kyoto: Ponsonby-Fane Memorial.
• Roberts, Luke Shepherd. (1998).Mercantilism in a Japanese Domain: The Merchant Origins of Economic Nationalism in 18th Century Tosa. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-89335-6
• Sasama Yoshihiko (1995).Edo Machi Bugyō Jiten. Tokyo: Kashiwa-shobo.
• Sato, Yasunobu. (2001).Commercial Dispute Processing and Japan. Amsterdam:Wolters Kluwer.ISBN 978-90-411-1668-0 (cloth)
• Schaede, Ulrike. (2000).Cooperative Capitalism: Self-Regulation, Trade Associations, and the Antimonopoly Law in Japan. Oxford:Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-829718-5 (cloth)
• Screech, Timon. (2006).Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns:Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London:RoutledgeCurzon.ISBN 0-7007-1720-X
• Shimada, Ryuto. (2005).The Intra-Asian Trade in Japanese Copper by the Dutch East India Company. Leiden:Brill Publishers.ISBN 978-90-04-15092-8 (cloth)
• Takekoshi, Yosaburo. (1930).The economic aspects of the history of the civilization of Japan. New York:Macmillan.