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| Country | United Kingdom |
|---|---|
| Website | www |
TheBudget of His Majesty's Government is an annualbudget set byHM Treasury for the following financial year, with therevenues to be gathered byHM Revenue and Customs and theexpenditures of thepublic sector, in compliance withgovernment policy.[1] The budget statement is one of two statements made by theChancellor of the Exchequer in theHouse of Commons, with theSpring Statement being made the following year.
Budgets are usually set once every year and are announced in theHouse of Commons by theChancellor of the Exchequer. Since autumn 2017 the United Kingdom budget typically takes place in theAutumn in order to allow major tax changes to occur annually, well before the start of the fiscal year.[2] The mostrecent budget was presented byRachel Reeves on 30 October 2024. The government has announced that the Autumn 2025 budget will take place on 26 November 2025.[3]
The UKfiscal year ends on 5 April each year. The financial year ends on 31 March of each year. Thus, the UK budget for financial year 2021 runs from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022 and is often referred to as 2021–22.
Historically, the budget was usually released in March, less than one month before the beginning of the new fiscal year.Parliament was not expected to take action on a budget for the fiscal year until the summer, several monthsafter the start of the fiscal year. For that reason, Parliament typically passed a"Vote on Account" in early spring that provided continuity of funding into the new fiscal year, up until the point that the new budget was enacted. The spending authorized in the Vote on Account was normally 45% of the amounts already authorized in the current fiscal year, taking into account theMain Estimates and any revised orSupplementary Estimates already approved by Parliament.[4] Legislative action on the proposed budget generally aligned with the executive's original budget request; failure to carry the budget would regarded as tantamount to a vote ofno confidence.
Since November 2017 the budget was moved to the Autumn, with a view to passing the Finance Act before the commencement of the Financial Year. Votes on Account should no longer be necessary.[2]
Governmental departments submit their funding requests — called "Main Supply Estimates" – toHM Treasury. The government then releases this data in a large consolidated document titled "Central Government Supply Estimates (Budget Year-Following Year): Main Supply Estimates"[5]
The government reserves the right to submit "Supplementary Estimates" in the spring and winter of a given fiscal year to update its agencies' spending totals for the current financial year and report any governmental re-organizations. When an agency submits a Supplementary Estimate, it is customary to also submit an "Estimate Memorandum" to the agency's relevant oversight committee in Parliament describing and justifying the changes. This condenses two functions –reporting supplemental spending requests andagency re-organizations.
| Budget | Revenue | Expenditure | Deficit/(Surplus) | Budget Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | ||||
| 2024, October | £1.229 trillion | £1.276 trillion | £47.2 billion | [1] |
| 2024, March | [2] | |||
| 2023 | [3] | |||
| 2022, November | [4] | |||
| 2022, September mini-budget | [5] | |||
| 2021, October | £929 billion | £1.045 trillion | £116 billion | [6] |
| 2021, March | £819 billion | £1.053 trillion | £234 billion | [7] |
| 2020 | £873 billion | £928 billion | £55 billion | [8] |
| 2018 | £810 billion | £842 billion | £32 billion | [9] |
| 2017, November | £769 billion | £809 billion | £40 billion | [10] |
| 2017, March | £744 billion | £802 billion | £58 billion | [11] |
| 2016 | £716 billion | £772 billion | £56 billion | [12] |
| 2015, July | £673 billion | £742 billion | £62 billion | [13] |
| 2015, March | £667 billion | £742 billion | £75 billion | [14] |
| 2014 | £648 billion | £732 billion | £84 billion | [15] |
| 2013 | £612 billion | £720 billion | £108 billion | [16] |
| 2012 | £592 billion | £683 billion | £91 billion | [17] |
| 2011 | £589 billion | £710 billion | £121 billion | [18] |
| 2010, June | £548 billion | £697 billion | £149 billion | [19] |
| 2010, March | £541 billion | £704 billion | £163 billion | [20] |
| 2009 | £496 billion | £671 billion | £175 billion | [21] |
| 2008 | £575 billion | £618 billion | £43 billion | [22] |
| 2007 | £553 billion | £587 billion | £34 billion | [23] |
| 2006 | £516 billion | £552 billion | £36 billion | [24] |
| 2005 | £487 billion | £519 billion | £32 billion | [25] |
| 2004 | £451 billion | £485 billion | £34 billion | [26] |
| 2003 | £423 billion | £460 billion | £37 billion | [27] |
| 2002 | £407 billion | £418 billion | £11 billion | [28] |
| 2001 | £398 billion | £394 billion | (£4 billion) | [29] |
| 2000 | £371 billion | £371 billion | £0 billion | [30] |
| 1999 | £349 billion | £349 billion | £0 billion | [31] |
| 1998 | £330.1 billion | £332.5 billion | £2.4 billion | [32] |
| 1997 | £313.1 billion | £317.1 billion | £4 billion |
Differences between the UK and United States:
Differences between the UK and the European Union:
