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Bshuma

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mandaean religious formula
Text of thebshuma
Thebshuma as seen on a pulpit atGanzibra Dakhil Mandi inLiverpool, New South Wales, Australia
Thebshuma written in thePersian alphabet on a Mandaean gravestone inAhvaz, Iran. On top, the inscription readsبشمیهون اد هیی ربی (b-šumaihun ḏ-hiia rbia).

The second line reads:
لوفا و ارواها اد هیی (laufa u-ruaha ḏ-hiia; "Maylaufa (communion) and a renewal of Life")
و شاوق هطایی (u-šabiq haṭaiia; "and forgiveness of sins")
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InMandaeism, thebshuma (Classical Mandaic:ࡁࡔࡅࡌࡀ,romanized: b-šuma,lit. 'in the name [of]') is a religious formula that is often written at the beginnings of chapters inMandaean texts andprayers.[1][2] The Islamic equivalent is thebasmala.

The full form of thebshuma is "In the name ofHayyi Rabbi" (Classical Mandaic:ࡁࡔࡅࡌࡀࡉࡄࡅࡍ ࡖࡄࡉࡉࡀ ࡓࡁࡉࡀ,romanized: b-šumaihun ḏ-hiia rbia,lit. 'In the names of the Great Life';Modern Mandaic pronunciation:[bɪʃˈmeihonədˈhejjiˈrɑbbi];Arabic:باسم الحي العظيم,bism al-Ḥayy al-ʿAẓīm).[3]

A simpler version isࡁࡔࡅࡌࡀ ࡖࡄࡉࡉࡀ (b-šuma ḏ-hiia;Modern Mandaic pronunciation:[ˈbɪʃmɑtˁhejji], orbišmi-ṭ-heyyī[4]: 11 ), which literally translates to "In the name of Life."

Related formulas

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At the ends of Mandaean prayers and texts, the following formulas are often recited to conclude the prayer or text.[5]

  • "AndHayyi is victorious" (Classical Mandaic:ࡅࡄࡉࡉࡀ ࡆࡀࡊࡉࡍ,romanized: u-hiia zakin)
  • "And praise be to Hayyi" (Classical Mandaic:ࡅࡌࡔࡀࡁࡉࡍ ࡄࡉࡉࡀ,romanized: u-mšabin hiia)

See also

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References

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  1. ^Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002).The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-515385-5.OCLC 65198443.
  2. ^Aldihisi, Sabah (2008).The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba (PhD). University College London.
  3. ^Gelbert, Carlos (2011).Ginza Rba. Sydney: Living Water Books.ISBN 9780958034630.
  4. ^Macúch, Rudolf. (1965).Handbook of Classical and Modern Mandaic. Berlin: De Gruyter.
  5. ^Drower, E. S. (1959).The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
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