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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Bromfed, Dimetapp, Bromfenex, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682545 |
| Routes of administration | By mouth |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Eliminationhalf-life | 24.9 ± 9.3 hours[2] |
| Excretion | Kidney |
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| CompTox Dashboard(EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.507 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C16H19BrN2 |
| Molar mass | 319.246 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Brompheniramine, sold under the brand nameDimetapp among others, is a first-generationantihistamine drug of thepropylamine (alkylamine) class.[3] It is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of thecommon cold andallergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. Like the other first-generation drugs of its class, it is considered asedating antihistamine.[3]
It was patented in 1948 and came into medical use in 1955.[4] In 2023, the combination withdextromethorphan andpseudoephedrine was the 281st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions.[5][6]
Brompheniramine's effects on the cholinergic system may include side-effects such as drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth, dry throat, blurred vision, and increased heart rate. It is listed as one of the drugs of highest anticholinergic activity in a study of anticholinergic burden, including long-term cognitive impairment.[7]
Brompheniramine works by acting as anantagonist ofhistamine H1 receptors. It also functions as a moderately effectiveanticholinergic agent, and is likely anantimuscarinic agent[8] similar to other common antihistamines such asdiphenhydramine.
Brompheniramine is metabolised bycytochrome P450isoenzymes in the liver.[8]
Brompheniramine is part of a series of antihistamines includingpheniramine (Naphcon) and its halogenated derivatives and others includingfluorpheniramine,chlorpheniramine,dexchlorpheniramine (Polaramine),triprolidine (Actifed), and iodopheniramine. The halogenated alkylamine antihistamines all exhibitoptical isomerism; brompheniramine products contain racemic brompheniramine maleate, whereasdexbrompheniramine (Drixoral) is the dextrorotary (right-handed) stereoisomer.[3][9]
Brompheniramine is ananalog ofchlorpheniramine. The only difference is that the chlorine atom in the benzene ring is replaced with a bromine atom. It is also synthesized in an analogous manner.[10][11]
Arvid Carlsson and his colleagues, working at theSwedish companyAstra AB, were able to derive the first marketedselective serotonin reuptake inhibitor,zimelidine, from brompheniramine.[12]
Brand names include Bromfed, Dimetapp, Bromfenex, Dimetane, and Lodrane. All bromphemiramine preparations are marketed as themaleate salt.[3]
