Research has identified the area as being variously involved in short term memory, verbal fluency, error detection, auditory verbal attention, and inductive reasoning;[2][3][4][5][6] functions also include evaluating recency, overriding automatic responses, inferring the intention of others, inferring deduction from spatial imagery, and attributing intention.[7][8][9][10][11] In one investigation, the area saw engagement while study participants counted a series of auditory stimuli.[12] The area displays lower levels of energy consumption in individuals suffering from bipolar disorder.[13]
The area found on the left hemisphere is at least partially responsible for working memory, empathy, idiom comprehension, and self-criticism.[14][15][16][17][18] Additional capabilities encompass processing pleasant and unpleasant emotional scenes,[19] and attending to negative emotions.[20]
On the right hemisphere, the region is involved in the attribution of intention, theory of mind, working memory, andspatial memory.[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Recognition and recall are also capabilities,[28][29][30][31][32] while further functions in this area encompass planning, calculation, religiosity, semantic and perceptual processing of odors, recognition of others' emotions, and attention to positive emotions.[33][34][35][36][37][38][20]
Brodmann area 9 also exists in the frontal lobe of theguenon. Brodmann-1909 regarded it on the whole as topographically and cytoarchitecturallyhomologous to thegranular frontal area 9 andfrontopolar area 10 in the human. Distinctive features (Brodmann-1905): UnlikeBrodmann area 6 (Brodmann-1909), area 9 has a distinct internal granular layer (IV); unlikeBrodmann area 6 orBrodmann area 8 (Brodmann-1909), its internal pyramidal layer (V) is divisible into two sublayers, an outer layer 5a of densely distributed medium-sizeganglion cells that partially merges with layer IV, and an inner, clearer, cell-poor layer 5b; thepyramidal cells of sublayer 3b of the externalpyramidal layer (III) are smaller and sparser in distribution; the externalgranular layer (II) is narrow, with small numbers of sparsely distributedgranule cells.[39]
^Zorrilla LT, Aguirre GK, Zarahn E, Cannon TD, D'Esposito M (November 1996). "Activation of the prefrontal cortex during judgments of recency: a functional MRI study".NeuroReport.7 (15–17):2803–6.doi:10.1097/00001756-199611040-00079.PMID8981471.
^Brooks JO, Bearden CE, Hoblyn JC, Woodard SA, Ketter TA (December 2010). "Prefrontal and paralimbic metabolic dysregulation related to sustained attention in euthymic older adults with bipolar disorder".Bipolar Disorders.12 (8):866–74.doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00881.x.PMID21176034.
^Maddock RJ, Buonocore MH (August 1997). "Activation of left posterior cingulate gyrus by the auditory presentation of threat-related words: an fMRI study".Psychiatry Research.75 (1):1–14.doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(97)00018-8.PMID9287369.S2CID23014601.
^abKerestes R, Ladouceur CD, Meda S, et al. (January 2012). "Abnormal prefrontal activity subserving attentional control of emotion in remitted depressed patients during a working memory task with emotional distracters".Psychological Medicine.42 (1):29–40.doi:10.1017/S0033291711001097.PMID21733287.S2CID4984022.
^Brunet E, Sarfati Y, Hardy-Baylé MC, Decety J (February 2000). "A PET investigation of the attribution of intentions with a nonverbal task".NeuroImage.11 (2):157–66.doi:10.1006/nimg.1999.0525.PMID10679187.S2CID11846982.
^Zhang JX, Leung HC, Johnson MK (November 2003). "Frontal activations associated with accessing and evaluating information in working memory: an fMRI study".NeuroImage.20 (3):1531–9.doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.07.016.PMID14642465.S2CID17878279.
^Raye CL, Johnson MK, Mitchell KJ, Reeder JA, Greene EJ (February 2002). "Neuroimaging a single thought: dorsolateral PFC activity associated with refreshing just-activated information".NeuroImage.15 (2):447–53.doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0983.PMID11798278.S2CID497926.
^Royet JP, Koenig O, Gregoire MC, et al. (January 1999). "Functional anatomy of perceptual and semantic processing for odors".Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.11 (1):94–109.doi:10.1162/089892999563166.PMID9950717.S2CID20076761.
^ This article incorporatestext available under theCC BY 3.0 license.[unreliable source?]"BrainInfo". Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved2013-12-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
This article incorporatestext available under theCC BY 3.0 license.[unreliable source?]"BrainInfo". Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved2013-12-03.