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| Brodmann area 43 | |
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| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | area subcentralis |
| NeuroNames | 1013 |
| NeuroLex ID | birnlex_1761 |
| FMA | 68640 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
Brodmann area 43, the subcentral area, is a structurally distinct area of the cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture. Along with Brodmann Area 1, 2, and 3, Brodmann area 43 is a subdivision of the postcentral region of the brain,[1] suggesting a somatosensory ('feeling of the body') function. The histological structure of Area 43 was initially described by Korbinian Brodmann, but it was not labeled on his map of cortical areas.[2]
In the humansubcentral area 43, a sub area of thecytoarchitecture is defined in the postcentral region of thecerebral cortex. It occupies thepostcentral gyrus, which is between the ventrolateral extreme of thecentral sulcus and the depth of thelateral sulcus, at theinsula. Its rostral and caudal borders are approximated by theanterior subcentral sulcus and theposterior subcentral sulcus, respectively. Cytoarchitecturally, it is bounded rostrally, by theagranular frontal area 6, and caudally, for the most part, by thecaudal postcentral area 2 and thesupramarginal area 40.[1]
Brodmann Area 43 responds to pressure on theeardrum and to oral intake (eating and drinking).[3] Because eating and drinking change pressure on the middle ear andeardrum, Brodmann Area 43 may be theprimary somatosensory cortex of theeardrum. However, Brodmann Area 43 is also reported to respond to tactile stimulation of the fingers.[4]
In a small (n=11 vs n=9 controls) fMRI study in children withobsessive–compulsive disorder the right Brodmann area 43 was found to have increasedconnectivity.[5]
Additionally, Brodmann Area 43 was found to be functionally active in a study differentiating the roles of the left-frontal and right-cerebellar regions during semantic analysis. Brodmann Area 43 showed a major increase in functional activation by fMRI, when study participants were asked to complete tasks which involved the selection of a verbal response from many possible responses, rather than a sustained search for a verbal response from few possible responses.[6]
Brodmann initially believed there to be no distinct Area 43 in his map of the lower monkey, the guenon. However, study of the myeloarchitecture of the region, by Theodor Mauss, determined that monkeys possess a structurally distinct area corresponding to the human subcentral area.[1] It was regarded as cytoarchitecturallyhomologous to area 30 of Mauss in 1908.[citation needed] However, research by Cécile and Oskar Vogt found no distinctivearchitectonic area of the corresponding location in the guenon.[7]
