It is the oldest north–south main thoroughfare in New York City, with much of the current street said to have begun as theWickquasgeck trail before the arrival of Europeans. This then formed the basis for one of the primary thoroughfares of the DutchNew Amsterdam colony, which continued under British rule, although most of it did not bear its current name until the late 19th century. Some portions of Broadway in Manhattan are interrupted for continuous vehicle traffic, includingTimes Square,Herald Square, andUnion Square, and instead used as pedestrian-only plazas. South ofColumbus Circle, the road is one-way going southbound.
An 1834 illustration of Broadway. This site is currently occupied by theOne Liberty Plaza.
Broadway was originally theWickquasgeck trail, carved into the brush of Manhattan by itsNative American inhabitants.[notes 3][1] This trail originally snaked through swamps and rocks along the length of Manhattan Island.[notes 4]
Upon the arrival of theDutch, the trail was widened[2] and soon became the main road through the island fromNieuw Amsterdam at the southern tip. The Dutch explorer and entrepreneurDavid Pietersz. de Vries gives the first mention of it in his journal for the year 1642 ("the Wickquasgeck Road over which the Indians passed daily"). The Dutch called it theHeeren Wegh orHeeren Straat, meaning "Gentlemen's Way" or "Gentlemen's Street" – echoing the name of a similar street in Amsterdam – or "High Street" or "the Highway"; it was renamed "Broadway" after the British took over the city, because of its unusual width.[3][4][2][5][6][notes 5] Although currently the name of the street is simply "Broadway", in a 1776 map of New York City, it is labeled as "Broadway Street".[7]
A mid-19th century illustration of Somerindyke House on Bloomingdale Road
In the 18th century, Broadway ended at the town commons north ofWall Street. The part of Broadway in what is nowLower Manhattan was initially known asGreat George Street.[8] Traffic continued up theEast Side of the island viaEastern Post Road and theWest Side via Bloomingdale Road, which opened in 1703, continued up to 117th Street and contributed to the development of the modernUpper West Side into an upscale area with mansions.[9]
This noble street may vie with any I ever saw, for its length and breadth, its handsome shops, neat awnings, excellenttrottoir, and well-dressed pedestrians. It has not the crowded glitter ofBond Street equipages, nor the gorgeous fronted palaces ofRegent Street; but it is magnificent in its extent, and ornamented by several handsome buildings, some of them surrounded by grass and trees.[10]
Broadway seen from the south at Broome Street,c. 1853–55Broadway in 1860In 1885, the Broadway commercial district was overrun with telephone, telegraph, and electrical lines. This view was north from Cortlandt andMaiden Lane.
In 1868, Bloomingdale Road between 59th Street (at the Grand Circle, nowColumbus Circle) and 155th Streets would be paved and widened, becoming an avenue with landscaped medians.[11] It was called "Western Boulevard"[12] or "The Boulevard".[11] An 1897 official map of the city shows a segment of what is now Broadway as "Kingsbridge Road" in the vicinity ofWashington Heights.[13]
On February 14, 1899, the name "Broadway" was extended to the entire Broadway / Bloomingdale / Boulevard / Kingsbridge complex.[14]
In the 20th century, a 30-block stretch of Broadway, extending mainly betweenTimes Square at42nd Street andSherman Square at72nd Street, formed part ofManhattan's "Automobile Row".[15][16] Before the first decade of the 20th century, the area was occupied mostly by equestrian industries and was "thoroughly lifeless", but by 1907,The New York Times characterized this section of Broadway as having "almost a solid line of motor vehicle signs all the way from Times Square to Sherman Square".[17] In the late 1900s and early 1910s, several large automobile showrooms, stores, and garages were built on Broadway,[18] including theU.S. Rubber Company Building at58th Street, theB.F. Goodrich showroom at1780 Broadway (between 58th and57th Streets), the Fisk Building at 250 West 57th Street, and theDemarest and Peerless Buildings at 224 West 57th Street.[15]
Broadway once was atwo-way street for its entire length. The present status, in which it runsone-way southbound south ofColumbus Circle (59th Street), came about in several stages. On June 6, 1954,Seventh Avenue became southbound andEighth Avenue became northbound south of Broadway. None of Broadway became one-way, but the increased southbound traffic between Columbus Circle (Eighth Avenue) andTimes Square (Seventh Avenue) caused the city to re-stripe that section of Broadway for four southbound and two northbound lanes.[19] Broadway became one-way from Columbus Circle south toHerald Square (34th Street) on March 10, 1957, in conjunction withSixth Avenue becoming one-way from Herald Square north to 59th Street and Seventh Avenue becoming one-way from 59th Street south to Times Square (where it crosses Broadway).[20] On June 3, 1962, Broadway became one-way south ofCanal Street, with Trinity Place andChurch Street carrying northbound traffic.[21]
Another change was made on November 10, 1963, when Broadway became one-way southbound from Herald Square toMadison Square (23rd Street) andUnion Square (14th Street) to Canal Street, and two routes –Sixth Avenue south of Herald Square andCentre Street,Lafayette Street, andFourth Avenue south of Union Square – became one-way northbound.[22] Finally, at the same time asMadison Avenue became one-way northbound andFifth Avenue became one-way southbound, Broadway was made one-way southbound between Madison Square (where Fifth Avenue crosses) andUnion Square on January 14, 1966, completing its conversion south of Columbus Circle.[23][24]
In 2001, a one-block section of Broadway between72nd Street and73rd Street atVerdi Square was reconfigured. Its easternmost lanes, which formerly hosted northbound traffic, were turned into a public park when a new subway entrance for the72nd Street station was built in the exact location of these lanes. Northbound traffic on Broadway is now channeled ontoAmsterdam Avenue to 73rd Street, makes a left turn on the three-lane 73rd Street, and then a right turn on Broadway shortly afterward.
In August 2008, two traffic lanes from 42nd to 35th Streets were taken out of service and converted to public plazas. Bike lanes were added on Broadway from42nd Street toUnion Square.[25][26]
Since May 2009, the portions of Broadway throughDuffy Square,Times Square, andHerald Square have been closed entirely to automobile traffic, except for cross traffic on the Streets and Avenues, as part of a traffic and pedestrianization experiment, with the pavement reserved exclusively for walkers, cyclists, and those lounging in temporary seating placed by the city. The city decided that the experiment was successful, and decided to make the change permanent in February 2010. Though the anticipated benefits to traffic flow were not as large as hoped, pedestrian injuries dropped dramatically and foot traffic increased in the designated areas; the project was popular with both residents and businesses.[27] The current portions converted into pedestrian plazas are between West 47th and 42nd Streets within Times and Duffy Squares, and between West35th and33rd Streets in the Herald Square area. Additionally, portions of Broadway inMadison Square andUnion Square have been dramatically narrowed, allowing ample pedestrian plazas to exist along the side of the road.
In May 2013, theNYCDOT decided to redesign Broadway between 35th and 42nd Streets for the second time in five years, owing to poor connections between pedestrian plazas and decreased vehicular traffic. With the new redesign, the bike lane is now on the right side of the street; it was formerly on the left side adjacent to the pedestrian plazas, causing conflicts between pedestrian and bicycle traffic.[29]
In spring 2017, as part of a capital reconstruction of Worth Square, Broadway between24th and 25th Streets was converted to ashared street, where through vehicles are banned and delivery vehicles are restricted to 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h). Delivery vehicles go northbound fromFifth Avenue to 25th Street for that one block, reversing the direction of traffic and preventing vehicles from going south on Broadway south of 25th Street. The capital project expands on a 2008 initiative where part of the intersection of Broadway and Fifth Avenue was repurposed into a public plaza, simplifying that intersection.[30] As part of the 2017 project, Worth Square was expanded, converting the adjoining block of Broadway into a "shared street".[31]
In September 2019, the pedestrian space in the Herald Square area was expanded between 33rd and 32nd Streets alongsideGreeley Square.[32] Five blocks of Broadway—from 50th to 48th, 39th to 39th, and 23rd to 21st Street—were converted into shared streets in late 2021.[33] The block between 40th and 39th Streets, known as Golda Meir Square, was closed to vehicular traffic at that time.[34]
During 2020, the section from 31st to 25th Street was converted to a temporary pedestrian-only street called NoMad Piazza as part of theNew York City Department of Transportation'sOpen Streets program.[35] Following the success of the pedestrian-only street, the Flatiron/23rd Street Partnership BID closed the section between 25th and 27th Streets to vehicular traffic again during 2021[36] and 2022.[37]
City officials announced in March 2023 that the section of Broadway between 32nd and 21st Streets would be redesigned as part of a project called Broadway Vision. The section between 32nd and 25th Streets would receive a bidirectional bike lane and would be converted to a shared street. Cars would be banned permanently from 27th to 25th Street.[34][38][39] That work was finished the same July.[40][41] In March 2024, the DOT announced plans to convert the section between 17th and 21st Streets into a shared street.[42]
Broadway runs the length of Manhattan Island, roughly parallel to theNorth River (the portion of theHudson River bordering Manhattan), fromBowling Green at the south toInwood at the northern tip of the island. South ofColumbus Circle, it is a one-way southbound street. Since 2009, vehicular traffic has been banned atTimes Square between47th and42nd Streets, and atHerald Square between 35th and 33rd Streets as part of a pilot program; the right-of-way is intact and reserved for cyclists and pedestrians. From the northern shore of Manhattan, Broadway crossesSpuyten Duyvil Creek via theBroadway Bridge and continues throughMarble Hill (a discontiguous portion of the borough of Manhattan) andthe Bronx intoWestchester County.U.S. 9 continues to be known as Broadway until its junction withNY 117.
Because Broadway preceded the grid that theCommissioners' Plan of 1811 imposed on the island, Broadway crossesmidtown Manhattan diagonally, intersecting with both the east–west streets and north–south avenues. Broadway's intersections with avenues, marked by "squares" (some merely triangular slivers of open space), have induced some interesting architecture, such as theFlatiron Building.
AtUnion Square, Broadway crosses14th Street, merges withFourth Avenue, and continues its diagonal uptown course from the Square's northwest corner; Union Square is the only location wherein the physical section of Broadway is discontinuous in Manhattan (other portions of Broadway in Manhattan are pedestrian-only plazas). AtMadison Square, the location of the Flatiron Building, Broadway crosses Fifth Avenue at23rd Street, thereby moving from the east side of Manhattan to the west, and is discontinuous to vehicles for a one-block stretch between 24th and 25th Streets. AtGreeley Square (West 32nd Street), Broadway crossesSixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas), and is discontinuous to vehicles until West 35th Street.Macy's Herald Square department store, one block north of the vehicular discontinuity, is located on the northwest corner of Broadway and West 34th Street and southwest corner of Broadway and West 35th Street; it is one of the largestdepartment stores in the world.
One famous stretch nearTimes Square, where Broadway crosses Seventh Avenue inmidtown Manhattan, is the home of manyBroadwaytheatres, housing an ever-changing array of commercial, large-scale plays, particularlymusicals. This area of Manhattan is often called theTheater District or the Great White Way, a nickname originating in the headline "Found on the Great White Way" in the February 3, 1902, edition of theNew York Evening Telegram. The journalistic nickname was inspired by the millions of lights on theatermarquees andbillboard advertisements that illuminate the area. After becoming the city's de factored-light district in the 1960s and 1970s (as can be seen in the filmsTaxi Driver andMidnight Cowboy), since the late 1980s Times Square has emerged as a family tourist center, in effect beingDisneyfied following the company's purchase and renovation of theNew Amsterdam Theatre on 42nd Street in 1993.[43]
The New York Times, from which the Square gets its name, was published at offices at 239 West 43rd Street; the paper stopped printing papers there on June 15, 2007.[44]
The X-shaped intersection of Broadway (from lower right to upper left) and Amsterdam Avenue (lower left to upper right), looking north from Sherman Square to West72nd Street, and the treetops ofVerdi Square
At the southwest corner ofCentral Park, Broadway crossesEighth Avenue (called Central Park West north of 59th Street) atWest 59th Street andColumbus Circle; on the site of the formerNew York Coliseum convention center is the new shopping center at the foot of theTime Warner Center, headquarters ofTime Warner.[45] From Columbus Circle northward, Broadway becomes a wideboulevard to 169th Street; it retains landscapedcenter islands that separate northbound from southbound traffic. The medians are a vestige of the central mall of "The Boulevard" that had become the spine of theUpper West Side, and many of these contain public seating.
Between West 70th and 73rd Streets, Broadway intersects withAmsterdam Avenue (known as 10th Avenue south of West 59th Street). The wide intersection of the two thoroughfares has historically been the site of numerous traffic accidents and pedestrian casualties, partly due to the long crosswalks.[46] Two small triangular plots of land were created at points where Broadway slices through Amsterdam Avenue. One is a tiny fenced-in patch of shrubbery and plants at West 70th Street calledSherman Square (although it and the surrounding intersection have also been known collectively as Sherman Square), and the other triangle is a lush tree-filled garden bordering Amsterdam Avenue from just above West 72nd Street to West 73rd Street. NamedVerdi Square in 1921 for its monument to Italian composerGiuseppe Verdi, which was erected in 1909, this triangular sliver of public space was designated a Scenic Landmark by the Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1974, one of nine city parks that have received the designation.[47] In the 1960s and 1970s, the area surrounding both Verdi Square and Sherman Square was known by local drug users and dealers as "Needle Park",[48] and was featured prominently in the gritty 1971 dramatic filmThe Panic in Needle Park, directed byJerry Schatzberg and starringAl Pacino in his second onscreen role.
The original brick and stone shelter leading to the entrance of the72nd Street subway station, one of thefirst 28 subway stations in Manhattan, remains located on one of the wide islands in the center of Broadway, on the south side of West 72nd Street. For many years, all traffic on Broadway flowed on either side of this median and its subway entrance, and its uptown lanes went past it along the western edge of triangular Verdi Square. In 2001 and 2002, renovation of the historic 72nd Street station and the addition of a second subway control house and passenger shelter on an adjacent center median just north of 72nd Street, across from the original building, resulted in the creation of a public plaza with stone pavers and extensive seating, connecting the newer building with Verdi Square, and making it necessary to divert northbound traffic to Amsterdam Avenue for one block. While Broadway's southbound lanes at this intersection were unaffected by the new construction, its northbound lanes are no longer contiguous at this intersection. Drivers can either continue along Amsterdam Avenue to head uptown or turn left on West 73rd Street to resume traveling on Broadway.
Several notable apartment buildings are in close proximity to this intersection, includingThe Ansonia, its ornate architecture dominating the cityscape here. After the Ansonia first opened as a hotel, live seals were kept in indoor fountains inside its lobby. Later, it was home to the infamousPlato's Retreat nightclub.[49] Immediately north of Verdi Square is theApple Bank Building, formerly the Central Savings Bank, which was built in 1926 and designed to resemble the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.[50] Broadway is also home to theBeacon Theatre atWest 74th Street, designated a national landmark in 1979 and still in operation as a concert venue after its establishment in 1929 as a vaudeville and music hall, and "sister" venue toRadio City Music Hall.[51]
At its intersection with West 78th Street, Broadway shifts direction and continues directly uptown and aligned approximately with the Commissioners' grid. Past the bend are the historicApthorp apartment building, built in 1908, and theFirst Baptist Church in the City of New York, incorporated in New York in 1762, its current building on Broadway erected in 1891. The road heads north and passes historically important apartment houses such asthe Belnord, theAstor Court Building, and theArt NouveauCornwall.[52][53]
At Broadway and 95th Street isSymphony Space, established in 1978 as home to avant-garde and classical music and dance performances in the former Symphony Theatre, which was originally built in 1918 as a premier "music and motion-picture house".[54][55] At 99th Street, Broadway passes between the controversial skyscrapers ofthe Ariel East and West.
Broadway then runs past the Manhattanville campus of Columbia University, and the main campus ofCUNY–City College near 135th Street; the Gothic buildings of the original City College campus are out of sight, a block to the east. Also to the east are thebrownstones of Hamilton Heights. Hamilton Place is a surviving section of Bloomingdale Road, and originally the address ofAlexander Hamilton's house,The Grange, which has been moved.[64]
Broadway achieves a verdant, park-like effect, particularly in the spring, when it runs between the uptownTrinity Church Cemetery and the former Trinity Chapel, now theChurch of the Intercession near 155th Street.
The northwestern corner of the park marks the New York City limit and Broadway entersWestchester County inYonkers, where it is now known as South Broadway. It trends ever westward, closer to theHudson River, remaining a busy urban commercial street. In downtown Yonkers, it drops close to the river, becomes North Broadway and 9A leaves via Ashburton Avenue. Broadway climbs to the nearby ridgetop runs parallel to the river and the railroad, a few blocks east of both as it passesSt. John's Riverside Hospital. The neighborhoods become more residential and the road gently undulates along the ridgetop.[65] In Yonkers, Broadway passes the historicPhilipse Manor house, which dates back to colonial times.[66]
It remains Broadway as it leaves Yonkers forHastings-on-Hudson, where it splits into separate north and south routes for 0.6 miles (1.0 km). The trees become taller and the houses, many separated from the road by stone fences, become larger. Another National Historic Landmark, theJohn William Draper House, was the site of the firstastrophotograph of theMoon.[65]
In the next village,Dobbs Ferry, Broadway has various views of the Hudson River while passing through the residential section. Broadway passes by theOld Croton Aqueduct and nearby the shopping district of the village. After intersecting with Ashford Avenue, Broadway passesMercy University, then turns left again at the center of town just pastSouth Presbyterian Church, headed for equally comfortableArdsley-on-Hudson andIrvington.Villa Lewaro, the home ofMadam C. J. Walker, the first African-American millionaire, is along the highway here.[67] At the north end of the village of Irvington, amemorial to writerWashington Irving, after whom the village was renamed, marks the turnoff to his home atSunnyside. Entering into the southern portion of Tarrytown, Broadway passes by historicLyndhurst mansion, a massive mansion built along the Hudson River built in the early 1800s.
North of here, at theKraft Foods technical center, theTappan Zee Bridge becomes visible. After crossing under theThruway and I-87 again, here concurrent withI-287, and then intersecting with the four-laneNY 119, where 119 splits off to the east, Broadway becomes the busy main thoroughfare ofTarrytown.Christ Episcopal Church, where Irving worshiped,[68] is along the street. Many high-quality restaurants and shops are along this main road.
Broadway expands to four lanes at the trumpet intersection withNY 117, where it finally ends and U.S. 9 becomesAlbany Post Road (and Highland Avenue) at the northern border ofSleepy Hollow, New York.
Canyon of Heroes during the 1969 ticker-tape parade for theApollo 11
Canyon of Heroes is occasionally used to refer to the section of lower Broadway in theFinancial District that is the location of the city'sticker-tape parades. The traditional route of the parade is northward fromBowling Green toCity Hall Park. Most of the route is lined with tall office buildings along both sides, affording a view of the parade for thousands of office workers who create the snowstorm-like jettison of shredded paper products that characterize the parade.[70]
While typical sports championship parades have been showered with some 50 tons of confetti and shredded paper, theV-J Day parade on August 14–15, 1945 – marking the end ofWorld War II – was covered with 5,438 tons of paper, based on estimates provided by theNew York City Department of Sanitation.[71]
More than 200 black granite strips embedded in the sidewalks along the Canyon of Heroes list honorees of past ticker-tape parades.[72]
The Great White Way: Broadway south from 42nd street (1908)
In 1880, a stretch of Broadway betweenUnion Square andMadison Square was illuminated byBrusharc lamps, making it among the first electrically lighted streets in the United States.[73] By the 1890s, the portion from23rd Street to34th Street was so brightly illuminated by electrical advertising signs that people began calling it "The Great White Way".[74] When the theater district moved uptown, the name was transferred to the Times Square area. Since then "The Great White Way" became a nickname for a section of Broadway inMidtown Manhattan, particularly the portion that encompasses theTheater District, between42nd and53rd Streets, and encompassingTimes Square.
The phrase "Great White Way" has been attributed to Shep Friedman, columnist for theNew York Morning Telegraph in 1901, who lifted the term from the title of a book about the Arctic byAlbert Paine.[75] The headline "Found on the Great White Way" appeared in the February 3, 1902, edition of theNew York Evening Telegram.[75]
A portrait of Broadway in the early part of the 20th century and "The Great White Way" late at night appeared in "Artist In Manhattan" (1940)[76] written by the artist–historianJerome Myers:
Early morn on Broadway, the same light that tips the mountain tops of the Colorado canyons gradually discloses the quiet anatomy, the bare skeletons of the huge iron signs that trellis the sky, now denuded of the attractions of the volcanic night. Almost lifeless, the tired entertainers of the night clubs and their friends straggle to their rooms, taximen compare notes and earnings, the vast street scene has had its curtain call, the play is over.
Dear old Broadway, for many years have I dwelt on your borders. I have known the quiet note of your dawn. Even earlier I would take my coffee at Martin's, at 54th Street–now, alas, vanished–where I would see creatures of the night life before they disappeared with the dawn.
One night a celebrated female impersonator came to the restaurant in all his regalia, directly from a club across the street. Several taximen began to poke fun at him. Unable any longer to bear their taunts, he got up and knocked all the taximen out cold. Then he went back to the club, only to lament under his bitter tears, "See how they've ruined my dress!"
Gone are the old-time Broadway oyster bars and chop houses that were the survivors of a tradition of their sporting patrons, the bon vivants of Manhattan. Gone are the days when the Hoffman House flourished on Madison Square, with its famous nudes byBouguereau; when barrooms were palaces, on nearly every corner throughout the city; whenSteve Brodie, jumping from Brooklyn Bridge, splashed the entire country with publicity; whenBowery concert halls dispensed schooners of beer for a nickel, with a stage show thrown in; when Theis's Music Hall still resounded on 14th Street with its great mechanical organ, the wonder of its day, a place of beauty, with fine paintings and free company and the frankest of female life. Across the street wasTammany Hall, and next to itTony Pastor's, where stars of the stage were born. Tony himself, in dress clothes and top hat, sang his ballads, a gallant trouper introducingLillian Russell and others to fame through his audience.
These streetcar lines were replaced withbus routes in the 1930s and 1940s. Before Broadway became one-way, the main bus routes along it were theNew York City Omnibus Company's (NYCO)6 (Broadway below Times Square),7 (Broadway and Columbus Avenue), and11 (Ninth and Amsterdam Avenues), and theSurface Transportation Corporation'sM100 (Kingsbridge) andM104 (Broadway Branch). Additionally, theFifth Avenue Coach Company's (FACCo)4 and 5 used Broadway from135th Street north to Washington Heights, and their 5 and 6 used Broadway between57th Street and72nd Street. With the implementation of one-way traffic, the northbound 6 and 7 were moved toSixth Avenue.
The eastboundBx3,Bx11,Bx35 andBx36 from West 178th to West 181st Streets, joining theBx13 at West 179th Street.
TheBx6 andBx6 SBS between West 155th & West 157th Streets uptown or Edward M. Morgan Place downtown.
TheBx7 from Saint Nicholas Avenue to West 231st Street uptown, and from West 230th to West 166th Streets downtown.
TheBx9 between West 225th and West 262nd Streets, where it terminates.
TheBx12 andBx12 SBS from West 207th to Isham Streets, going out of service between stops.
TheBx20 between West 207th and West 231st uptown or West 230th Streets downtown, with said direction continuing out of service to West 204th Street.
Express service is provided by theBxM1 between Dyckman Street in Manhattan and West 230th Street in the Bronx, and theBxM3 between Van Cortlandt Park South in the Bronx and Main Street in Yonkers, using South Broadway to terminate.
Bee-Line buses also serve Broadway withinRiverdale and Westchester County. Routes1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 13, and several others run on a portion of Broadway.
^The name of the Indian band has variously been spelled Wiechquaeskeck, Wechquaesqueck, Weckquaesqueek, Wecquaesgeek, Weekquaesguk, Wickquasgeck, Wickquasgek, Wiequaeskeek, Wiequashook, and Wiquaeskec. The meaning of the name, however spelled, has been given as "the end of the marsh, swamp or wet meadow", "place of the bark kettle", and "birch bark country". See:
^According to authorRussell Shorto: "Broadway does not follow the precise course of the Indian trail, as some historians would have it. To follow the Wickquasgeck trail today, one would take Broadway north from theCustoms House, jog eastward alongPark Row, then follow theBowery toTwenty-third Street. From there, the trail snaked up the east side of the island. It crossed westward through the top ofCentral Park; the paths of Broadway and the Wickquasgeck trail converge again at the top of the island. The trail continued intothe Bronx;Route 9 follows it northward."[2]
^It is also claimed that the Dutch called it "Breede Weg", of which "Broadway" is a literal translation. See:
Ellis, Edward Robb (1966).The Epic of New York City. Old Town Books. p. 26.
"Some New Publication: Peter Stuyvesant's Unhappy Rule".The New York Times. May 29, 1893.ISSN0362-4331.Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. RetrievedApril 20, 2020.One other thing which came from the Dutch is the name of our street, Broadway, which by them was called the Breede Weg, the translation being afterward made by the English
Citations
^Shorto, Russell (February 9, 2004)."The Streets Where History Lives".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. RetrievedApril 10, 2020.And what about a marker for the Wickquasgeck Trail, the Indian path that ran the length of the island, which the Dutch made into their main highway and the English renamed Broadway?
^February 14th in NYC History: 1899, referred to as "the 'Western' Boulevard"; called "the 'Grand' Boulevard" inThe New York Times, February 1869, quoted in Michael V. Susi,The Upper West Side "Introduction", 2009:7.
^Sadik-Khan, Janette (May 2008)."Broadway Boulevard"(PDF). New York City Department of Transportation.Archived(PDF) from the original on September 19, 2013. RetrievedDecember 13, 2013.
^Dunlap, David W. (September 28, 2004)."After a Decade, Disney Chief Sees New 'Flair' on 42nd St".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. RetrievedOctober 10, 2008.Barely recognized by a crowd that might not have been on the block if he hadn't been there first, the man who Disneyfied Times Square walked across 42nd Street yesterday to take in a decade's worth of change.... He emerged from under the marquee of the New Amsterdam Theater, whose opulent revival in Disney's hands has been credited as a key catalyst in the redevelopment of 42nd Street.
^Dunlap, David W. (June 10, 2007)."Copy!".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archived from the original on October 4, 2021. RetrievedOctober 10, 2008.The sound is muffled by wall-to-wall carpet tiles and fabric-lined cubicles. But it's still there, embedded in the concrete and steel sinews of the old factory at 229 West 43rd Street, whereThe New York Times was written and edited yesterday for the last time.
^Lombardi, Kate Stone (October 16, 1994)."Hospital Marking Its 100th Year".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. RetrievedApril 20, 2020.When lower Broadway became more urbanized, the asylum was moved to upper Manhattan, on what is now the site of Columbia University. (The area was referred to as Bloomingdale – vale of flowers – by early Dutch settlers, and the hospital was named the Bloomingdale Asylum.
^Santos, Fernanda (June 11, 2008)."Super Bowl-Winning Giants Get Canyon of Heroes Honor".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archived from the original on May 13, 2013. RetrievedAugust 4, 2008.The plaque is one of the more than 200 granite strips in a route known as the Canyon of Heroes, marking those who have been honored by the city with ticker-tape parades.
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