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British Rail Class 800

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bi-mode multiple unit train

British Rail Class 800IET/Azuma
LNER Class 800 atArbroath
The standard-class interior of a Great Western Railway Class 800 unit
The standard-class interior of aGreat Western Railway Class 800 unit
Stock typeElectro-diesel multiple unit
In service16 October 2017 – present
ManufacturerHitachi Rail
Built at
Family nameA-train
Replaced
Constructed2014–2018
Entered service
  • 16 October 2017 (GWR)
  • 14 May 2019 (LNER)
Number built
  • 36 × 800/0
  • 13 × 800/1
  • 10 × 800/2
  • 21 × 800/3
Formation
Fleet numbers
  • 800/0: 800001–800036
  • 800/1: 800101–800113
  • 800/2: 800201–800210
  • 800/3: 800301–800321
Capacity
  • 800/0: 326 seats (36 first class, 290 standard)
  • 800/1: 611 seats (101 first class, 510 standard)
  • 800/2: 302 seats (48 first class, 254 standard)
  • 800/3: 650 seats (70 first class, 580 standard)
OwnersAgility Trains[2]
Operators
Depots
Lines served
Specifications
Car body constructionAluminium
Train length
  • 5-car units: 129.7 m (425 ft 6 in)
  • 9-car units: 233.7 m (766 ft 9 in)[1]
Car length
  • Driving vehicles: 25.850 m (84 ft 9.7 in)
  • Intermediate vehicles: 26.000 m (85 ft 3.6 in)[1]
Width2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
Doors
  • Single-leaf pocket sliding
  • (2 per side per car)
Maximum speed125 mph (200 km/h)[5]
Weight
  • 5-car units: 243 tonnes (239 long tons; 268 short tons)
  • 9-car units: 438 tonnes (431 long tons; 483 short tons)[6]
Axle load
  • Motor cars: 15 tonnes (14.8 long tons; 16.5 short tons)
  • Trailer cars: 13 tonnes (12.8 long tons; 14.3 short tons)[7]
Traction systemHitachiIGBT[1]
Prime mover(s)
  • 3 or 5 ×MTU 12V 1600 R80L[8]
  • (3 per 5-car unit, 5 per 9-car unit)[1]
Engine typeV12four-stroketurbo-dieselwithSCR[9]
Displacement21 L (1,284 cu in) per engine[9]
Power output
  • Per engine:
  • GWR: 700 kW (940 hp)
  • LNER: 560 kW (750 hp)[note 1]
Acceleration0.7 m/s2 (1.6 mph/s)[1]
Deceleration
  • Service:
  • 1.0 m/s2 (2.2 mph/s)
  • Emergency:
  • 1.2 m/s2 (2.7 mph/s)[1]
Electric system(s)25 kV 50 Hz ACoverhead
Current collectionPantograph
UIC classification
  • 5-car units: 2′2′+Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′
  • 9-car units: 2′2′+Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′
Braking system(s)Electro-pneumatic (disc)andregenerative
Safety system(s)
Coupling systemDellner 10[12]
Multiple workingWithin class andClass 801 andClass 802
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)standard gauge

TheBritish Rail Class 800, branded as theIntercity Express Train (IET) byGreat Western Railway (GWR) andAzuma byLondon North Eastern Railway (LNER), is a type ofbi-mode multiple unit train built byHitachi Rail for GWR and LNER. The type uses electric motors powered from overhead electric wires for traction, but also hasdiesel generators to enable trains to operate on unelectrified track. It is a part of theHitachi AT300 product family.

The Class 800 was developed and produced, alongside an electric-onlyClass 801 variant, as part of theIntercity Express Programme (IEP) to procure replacements for theInterCity 125 andInterCity 225 fleets of high speed trains.[13][14] The trains were manufactured by Hitachi between 2014 and 2018, being assembled at Hitachi'sNewton Aycliffe Manufacturing Facility using bodyshells shipped from the company's Kasado Works in Japan.[15] Similar bi-mode units have also been produced by Hitachi as Classes802,805, and810.

The Class 800 trains came into service on theGreat Western Main Line on 16 October 2017, while the first examples on the East Coast Main Line were put into service on 15 May 2019. Early operations have been troubled byfatigue cracking andcorrosion on the aluminium vehicle body shells, particularly on theyaw dampers.

Background

[edit]
Main article:Intercity Express Programme
Class 800 ofLNER (left) next to aInterCity 125 ofCrossCountry (right) atLeeds

As part of the UK Government's Intercity Express Programme (IEP), the Class 800 units were built as partial replacements for theInterCity 125 trains, which at the time operated services on the Great Western Main Line and the East Coast Main Line, as well as theInterCity 225 trains, which currently operate services on the East Coast Main Line. The scheme drew heavily upon the precedingBritish Rail Class 395 high speed trains produced forSoutheastern.[1] A total of 80 train sets have been constructed, comprising 36 five-car and 21 nine-car units intended for operation withGreat Western Railway (GWR), along with 10 five-car and 13 nine-car withLondon North Eastern Railway (LNER).[10]

In March 2016,Virgin Trains East Coast announced that its trains would carry the brand nameAzuma, a Japanese word for "East".[16] During June 2016, GWR announced that its trains would be known asIntercity Express Trains.[17] However, due to the early demise of Virgin Trains East Coast, they would not operate the new trains, which entered service with successorLondon North Eastern Railway. Even so, theAzuma brand has been retained by LNER.[18][19]

In July 2016, it was revealed that GWR's intended fleet ofClass 801 units were to be converted from pureEMU to bi-mode due to delays in the electrification. Subsequently, these were reclassified as Class 800/3.[20] As a part of this reconfiguration, the original 1.35 m3 (300 imp gal) fuel tanks were replaced with larger capacity 1.55 m3 (340 imp gal) tanks.

Design

[edit]
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The Class 800 train is a high speed bi-modal multiple unit (BMU). The traction system comprises electric motors that are alternatively capable of drawing power fromelectrified overhead lines where available, or of using electricity produced by onboard underfloor diesel generators when travelling beyond the currentelectrified network. As per the train specification, the changeover between modes can occur at line speed for minimal service impact.[1] As part of theGreat Western Main Line order was originally forClass 801s, all Great Western franchise units have the possibility to be converted to electric-only operation by removal of the diesel engines.[21]

Class 800pantograph in lowered position

Hitachi designed the rolling stock for conformance with the latest European standards as of 2014, including theTechnical Specifications for Interoperability, and UK railway standards.[1] A high level of flexibility was pursued in order to allow the type to be operated on numerous lines with different infrastructure, both in the present and the foreseeable future, such as variable passenger demand and the rollout of electrification. The front-end cars, which feature a collision safety structure compliant with the latest European standards, incorporate an automatic coupling system along with measures to reduce both air resistance and noise.[1]

The driving cab of the Class 800 is provisioned with a variety of physical switches and monitors, the design of which is not only compliant with relevant standards at the time of design, but also shaped by feedback received from drivers as part of Human Factors engagement, in order to provide a usable and reliable cab design.[1] The train crew are assisted by the Train Control and Management System (TCMS), which runs on anethernet-based communication system. Amongst other functions, it provides onboard information systems such as the seat reservation system, public address, andpassenger information system, as well interfacing with the cab displays, on-train data recorder, and3G/4G communications.[1]

It has been outfitted to work with various signalling systems, including theEuropean Train Control System (ETCS) level 2, which satisfiessafety integrity level 4 requirements.[1] For compatibility with legacy signalling systems, it is also provisioned with apparatus for theTrain Protection & Warning System (TPWS),Automatic Warning System (AWS), andAutomatic Train Protection (ATP) system. Train information can be shared between ETCS, TCMS, and theGSM-R wireless communication system to simplify data entry.[1] The train communicates in realtime with wayside systems, transmitting from the data recorder and receiving timetables and seat allocation data, amongst other material. Location tracking viaGPS is used to automatically control selective door operation (where stations are shorter than the trains), guide drivers in efficiently operating the train to best suit the route, and provide information to passengers.[1]

The Class 800 is capable ofdriver-only operation when required, although virtually all services have a guard on board. One exception is the Oxford and Bedwyn services operated by GWR, where drivers use the in-cab monitors to close the doors without a guard.[22] When a guard is on board, door releases are still controlled by the driver, while the guard is responsible for closing the doors using the control panels in the vestibule areas; the driver will then carry out a secondary check of the side of the train before departure using the in-cab monitors.[23]

Traction and generator units

[edit]

Despite their underfloor positioning, thegenerator units (GU) feature aV12 engine.[1] Incorporated as a single package, the GU includes thediesel engine, generator, radiator, and other subsystems, such as exhaust cleaning measures compliant with the Stage IIIBEuropean Union exhaust emission standard. Elements external to the GU include the traction converter, fuel tank, automated fire protection system (using high pressurenitrogen gas), and braking.[1] The auxiliary power system is powered directly from thedirect current stage of the traction system.[1] They are operated in parallel to provide greater redundancy. The power supply converter is designed to work with both sources of power, avoiding the need for a separate converter for each mode, thus reducing weight and complexity.[1]

The GU is installed on vibration-isolating mountings, and fitted with side-mounted cowls to reduce external noise.[1] Heat management measures include thermal insulation around key areas such as cable ducts.[1] According toModern Railways magazine, the limited space available for the GUs is responsible for them being prone to overheating. It claimed that, on one day in summer 2018, "half the diagrammed units were out of action as engines shut down through overheating".[24]

The Class 800 and Class 802 bi-mode are equipped with three GUs per five-car set and five GUs per nine-car set; a five-car set has a GU situated under vehicles 2/3/4 and a nine-car set has a GU situated under vehicles 2/3/5/7/8. In comparison, the electric-orientated Class 801 features a single GU for a five- to nine-car set, which provides emergency power for limited traction and auxiliaries if the power supply from the overhead line fails. By adding or removing GUs, a Class 800 can be converted into a Class 801 and vice versa.[1]

Active limiters are present that prevent the train from exceeding its peak service speed of 125 mph (200 km/h).[5]

Introduction into service

[edit]
GWR Class 800 (left) next to its predecessorInterCity 125 (right) atReading

The Class 800 trains came into service on the Great Western Main Line on 16 October 2017, under the brand nameIntercity Express Train (abbreviated toIET).[25][26] Teething problems surfaced on the inaugural service, the train not only ran late but one of the carriages suffered anair conditioning unit failure that discharged water into the passenger area.[27] Following further issues, the units were withdrawn from service on 19 October for the rest of the day, re-entering service during the next day.[28]

At one point, the type were due to enter service on the East Coast Main Line from December 2018.[29][30][31] The launching operator on the East Coast becameLondon North Eastern Railway (LNER) following Virgin Trains' decision to return the franchise to the government; the introduction was postponed by six months on account of the train's electro-magnetic emissions, which had reportedly caused problems with signals and other elements of lineside equipment.[32]

On 30 June 2016, GWR's test unit (800004) ran from Reading to London Paddington carrying invited dignitaries.[33]

On 14 June 2017, GWR unit 800003 was namedQueen Elizabeth II bythe monarch herself in a ceremony held at Paddington Station.[34] The Queen had arrived at Paddington on the unit, travelling from Slough on the 175th anniversary of the first ever train journey by a reigning monarch, made on the same route by Queen Victoria.[34] The name is carried in the form of adecal, rather than the more traditional cast metal plate; the nameQueen Victoria is borne on the other end of the unit.[35]

On 15 May 2019, the first Class 800 came into service on the East Coast Main Line under the brand name 'Azuma'.[36] The type was initially worked on Leeds, Hull, and Newark services. On 1 August 2019, the first Class 800 performed the Edinburgh to King's Cross run on theFlying Scotsman service.[37]

Fleet details

[edit]
SubclassOperatorQty.Year builtCars per unitUnit nos.
800/0[38][39]Intercity Express TrainGreat Western Railway362014–20185800001–800036
800/1[38][39]AzumaLondon North Eastern Railway120159800101
122018800102–800113
800/2[38][39]Azuma105800201–800210
800/3[20]Intercity Express TrainGreat Western Railway212017–20189800301–800321

Illustrations

[edit]
Illustration of a GWR Class 800/0Intercity Express Train (IET)
Illustration of a LNER Class 800/1Azuma

Named units

[edit]
"Captain Tom Moore" name applied to unit 800025

Great Western Railway's Class 800 and 802 units are being named after "inspirational people" who have influenced the regions that the company serves.[40]

GWR Class 800 units with special names or liveries
Unit numberDateNameRef.
Named trains
80000313 June 2017Queen Elizabeth II andQueen Victoria[34]
80000430 June 2016Isambard Kingdom Brunel andSir Daniel Gooch[41]
8000054 July 2023Aneurin BevanNHS 1948-2023[42]
8000087 June 2018#trainbow andAlan Turing[43]
8000097 March 2018Sir Gareth Edwards andJohn Charles[44]
80001010 January 2018Michael Bond andPaddington Bear[45]
8000148 March 2019Megan Lloyd George andEdith New[40]
80001922 June 2018Johnny Johnson andJoy Lofthouse[46]
80002018 April 2018Bob Woodward andElizabeth Ralph[47]
80002121 February 2025Gill Clay[48]
80002224 June 2021Tulbahadur Pun[49]
80002318 April 2019Kathryn Osmond andFirefighterFleur Lombard[50]
8000242 May 2024HRH The Princess Royal[51]
80002529 April 2020Captain Tom Moore[52]
8000266 August 2018Don Cameron[53]
80002830 November 2023Sir Peter Parker andOliver Lovell[54]
80002917 February 2022Christopher Dando andEvette Wakely[55]
8000305 July 2021Lincoln Callaghan andHenry Cleary[56]
80003125 August 2021Mazen Salmou andCharlotte Marsland[56]
80003228 February 2022Iain Bugler andSarah Williams-Martin[57]
8000334 March 2022Emma Hurrell andMartin Heath[58]
80003413 July 2022Jo Prosser andTracy Devlin[59][60]
8000357 March 2022Liz Gallagher andNaomi Betts[61]
80003630 October 2020Dr Paul Stephenson[62]
8003069 November 2018Harold Day DSC andAllan Leonard Lewis VC – Armistice Centenary Commemoration train[63]
8003107 May 2021Wing Commander Ken Rees – escapee from (Stalag Luft III)[64]
8003146 March 2020Odette Hallowes[65]
800316???Roar of the Roses[66]
80031728 September 2021Freya Bevan[67]
Special liveries
80001625 November 2022White Ribbon UK[68]
80032115 June 2020'The Mask'[69]

London North Eastern Railway unveiled a special vinyl on one of their units to celebrate the launch ofAzuma to Scotland. It was operated on the firstAzuma from Scotland, which ran on the 'Flying Scotsman' from Edinburgh on 1 August 2019.[70] This same unit was also used whenAzuma was launched to Aberdeen and Inverness respectively.[71][72]

On 10 January 2018, unit 800010 was namedMichael Bond in a ceremony at Paddington by his daughter, Karen Jankel. This coincided with the 60th anniversary of the late author's famousPaddington Bear series of children's books, and the other end of the unit carries the bear's name.[45]

On 1 May 2021, unit 800025Captain Sir Tom Moore arrived back atLondon Paddington, after completing a challenge to stop at 100 stations in only 40 hours, raising money for charity in memory ofCaptain Tom. The train was greeted by applause.[73]

LNER Class 800 units with special names or liveries
Unit numberDateNameRef.
Named trains
8001066 October 2023You Belong[74]
80011121 October 2024Thank You[75]
Special liveries
8001041 August 2019Celebrating Scotland (Our Official LNER Tartan train)[76]

Interiors

[edit]
  • First class interior mock-up in 2014
    First class interior mock-up in 2014
  • Standard Class interior in unit 800002 before receiving GWR colours
    Standard Class interior in unit 800002 before receiving GWR colours
  • The interior of first class aboard a GWR Class 800
    The interior of first class aboard a GWR Class 800
  • GWR Standard class interior. This was the original seat cover which has since been changed on majority of the units.
    GWR Standard class interior. This was the original seat cover which has since been changed on majority of the units.
  • The interior of first class aboard a LNER Class 800
    The interior of first class aboard a LNER Class 800
  • The interior of standard class aboard a LNER Class 800
    The interior of standard class aboard a LNER Class 800

The passenger compartments on the Class 800 trains are typically divided into first class and standard class sections.[1] The vestibule area accommodates the exterior doors along with space for storage areas for passenger luggage (includingbicycles), and a sizable universal accessibility toilet. It can be configured to include catering facilities, including a kitchen and preparation room.[1] The interior was designed to fulfil the requirements of thePersons with Reduced Mobility-TSI standard, as well as to satisfy the varying requirements and preferences of multiple operators, and to facilitate future refurbishments and reconfigurations. The basic layout has been standardised.[1]

The interiors have reportedly been praised for their increased leg-room and greater number of seats and tables in standard class, in comparison to the trains they replace. However, the seats in both standard and first class have been heavily criticised for excessive hardness and discomfort on lengthy journeys, with the overall first class experience said to be a downgrade as the seats are no longer leather like their predecessors due to fire regulations.[77][78] The GWRIET has also been criticised for the lack of a buffet car with the catering service instead being provided by a trolley and also because surfboards are no longer allowed on the train due to the limited space available.[79] In comparison with theIET, the LNERAzuma has a small 'micro' buffet retained with other aspects of the interior being similar between the two companies.[80]

Accidents and incidents

[edit]

On the evening of 13 November 2019, an LNERAzuma (800109) was involved in a collision with aClass 43 HST powercar (43300) atNeville Hill Depot,Leeds when the Class 800 ran into the rear of the HST. The trains were travelling at 15 miles per hour (24 km/h) and 5 miles per hour (8 km/h) respectively, with three carriages of the Class 800 derailing and the leading vehicle of the Class 800 and trailing locomotive of the HST being severely damaged. On 18 November 2020, theRail Accident Investigation Branch published its report into the accident with the investigation finding that driver error was the cause of the accident, with insufficient training of the driver being an underlying cause. The effect of the collision was exacerbated by the design of the Class 800 as crashworthiness requirements did not require the effects of a collision at less than 23.5 mph (37.8 km/h) to be taken into account, nor did it include specific criteria for assessing the derailment performance.[81][82]

Cracks

[edit]
A Class 800 bogie. The white part at the top isMIG welded to the body and has the triangular yaw damper bracket on the left and lifting pad at the top of the square fixture to the right.

On 26 April 2021 GWR temporarily withdrew eight 5-car Class 800 sets from service after finding cracks in theyaw damper brackets.[83][84][85]

On 8 May 2021, Great Western Railway, London North Eastern Railway and Hull Trains suspended most of their Class 800 series trains after cracks were found on the welds of thelifting pads on an IET trainset undergoing maintenance.[86][87][88] This incident is potentially linked to the issues identified on a GWR trainset undergoing maintenance on 26 April.[89] Significant disruption was caused by cancellations of trains between London, to Scotland and to the west of the UK.[90][91] Reports suggested that delays would last for "some time" with the repairs not being easy.[86] From 13 May 2021, some trains started to return to service, however more severely affected trains require repairs before use and a long term fix for all units is required.[92][93]

On 7 April 2022, theOffice of Rail and Road (ORR), which regulates the safety and economics of Great Britain's railways, published a safety report on the fatigue cracks in the aluminium vehicle body shells above thebogies close to the yaw damper bracket and anti-roll bar fixing points. The trains had experienced greater loads from train movement than specified, probably caused by a combination of wheel wear and track design. Further cracks in or near the welds of the lifting plates to the vehicle body were the result ofstress corrosion cracking (SCC) in a high-strength7000 series aluminium alloy caused by a combination ofresidual stresses from beingMIG welded to the body and exposure to air containing sea salt on railway lines near the coast. To mitigate the risk of cracking, 1,247 Class 800 series vehicles need to be repaired by replacing the affected parts including the longitudinal welds and by installing additional bolts, to retain the plate, if the weld should fail completely as a result of stress corrosion cracking.[94][95]

Models

[edit]

In 2017,Hornby issued its firstOO gauge five-car model of the BR Class 800/0 Hitachi IEP Bi-Mode inGWR Green livery.[96]

In early May 2021,Kato released itsN-scale five-car model of the BR Class 800/0 Hitachi IEP Bi-Mode in GWR Green livery with the five-car model of the BR Class 800/2 inLNER livery later that month.[97][98]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^All units were delivered with engines down-rated from 700 to 560 kW (940 to 750 hp), for contractual reasons.[10] The down-rating was removed from engines aboard GWR units by the end of 2018.[11]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toBritish Rail Class 800.
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Hitachi A-train multiple units of the United Kingdom
Bi-mode
Electric
AC units
(300–399)
AC units
DC units
(700–899)
AC units
(pre-TOPS)
DC units
(400–599)
DC units
(original TOPS)
DC units
(pre-TOPS)
Battery units
Hydrogen units
Southern Railway
designations
Miscellaneous units
Families
Notes
  • 1: Renumbered as Class 332
  • 2: Renumbered as Class 325
  • 3: Renumbered as Class 701
  • 4: Renumbered as Class 720/6
  • 5:Bi- or tri-mode unit
  • 6: Renumbered as Class 802/2
  • 7: Renumbered as Class 810
  • 8: Grouping of different rolling stock types built to loading gauge ofLondon Underground deep tube lines
Pre-TOPS
First generation
Second generation
Post-privatisation
Diesel-electric
Alternative fuel
Multi-mode
First generation
(original TOPS)
Diesel-electric
(original TOPS)
Southern Region
designations
Design families
Technologies
Proposed
High-speed trains
by service speed
or planned service speed
400 km/h
(249 mph)
or more
350–399 km/h
(217–248 mph)
300–349 km/h
(186–217 mph)
250–299 km/h
(155–186 mph)
200–249 km/h
(124–155 mph)
High-speed railway line
By countries and territories

planned networks in italics
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
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