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 L52,L22,L20 &L6, at Gosport in 1933 | |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Operators | |
| Preceded by | E class |
| Succeeded by | Odin class |
| In commission | 1917 - 1942 |
| Planned | 73 |
| Completed | 27 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Submarine |
| Displacement |
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| Length |
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| Beam | 23 ft 6 in (7.16 m) |
| Speed |
|
| Range |
|
| Complement |
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| Armament |
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TheBritish L-class submarine was originally planned under the emergency war programme as an improved version of theBritish E-class submarine. The scale of change allowed the L class to become a separate class.
The armament was increased when the21-inch torpedoes came into service. The Group 3 boats had twoQF 4-inch guns fore and aft of the lengthenedconning tower. Also, 76 tons of fuel oil was carried in external wing tanks for the first time in British submarines. Several of the Group 1 boats were configured as minelayers includingL11 andL12. In the Group 2 boats,L14,L17 andL24 toL27 were built as minelayers carrying 16mines but without the two beamtorpedo tubes.
The introduction of the L class came too late to contribute significantly inWorld War I.L2 was accidentally depth-charged by three Americandestroyers in early 1918.L12 torpedoed the German submarineUB-90.L10 torpedoed the German destroyerS33 in October 1918 but was sunk by accompanying destroyers.L24 was sunk with all hands lost in a collision with the battleshipResolution during an exercise off Portland Bill in the English Channel on 10 January 1924.
L55 was sunk in 1919 duringthe British naval intervention in the Russian civil war by Bolshevik Russiandestroyers. She was salvaged by the Russians and who re-commissioned her with the same name.
The L class served throughout the 1920s and the majority were scrapped in the 1930s but three remained operational as training boats duringWorld War II. The last three were scrapped in 1946.
Parts of uncompleted L-class submarines were used for theYugoslavHrabri-class submarines.
The L class emerged as an improvement on the earlierE class; the first two members of the L class were originally ordered as lengthened E-class boats, and were initially namedE57 andE58. The design returned to the circularpressure hull of the E-class boats, as the irregularly shaped hulls of theG andJ classes had proved to be unsuccessful, particularly because the circular hull shape was much better at withstanding the force of underwater explosions.[2]
The L-class boats were divided into three separate sub-classes: the I, II, and III types. The I-type boats were 231 feet 1 inch (70.43 m)long overall and they had abeam of 23 ft 5.5 in (7.150 m) and adraught of 13 ft 3 in (4.04 m) at normal loading. They displaced 891 long tons (905 t) surfaced and 1,074 long tons (1,091 t) submerged. The II-type boats were slightly longer, at 238 ft 7 in (72.72 m) overall, with the same beam and draught. They displaced 914 long tons (929 t) surfaced and 1,089 long tons (1,106 t) submerged. The III-type submarines were 235 ft (72 m) long, with the same beam but a draught of 13 ft 1.5 in (4.001 m). They displaced more than their half-sisters, at 960 long tons (975 t) surfaced and 1,150 long tons (1,168 t) submerged. The three sub-classes had crews of 35, 38, and 44, respectively.[3]
All three sub-classes had the same propulsion system: twodiesel engines for use while surfaced and two corresponding electric motors for use submerged. The diesel engines were rated at 2,400 horsepower (1,800 kW), while the electric motors produced 1,600 hp (1,200 kW). They could cruise at 17knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) while surfaced and 10.5 kn (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph) while submerged. While running on the surface at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph), the submarines could cruise for a range of 3,800nautical miles (7,000 km; 4,400 mi); range figures for the Type-III boats were instead 4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km; 5,200 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph).[3]
The L-class submarines were armed with a primary armament of sixtorpedo tubes. The Type-I boats were equipped with six 18-inch (460 mm) tubes, with four in the bow and two on thebroadside. These were supplied with a total of tentorpedoes. The Type-II boats exchanged the 18-inch bow tubes for more powerful 21-inch (530 mm) tubes; these had eight torpedoes in total. The 18-inch broadside tubes retained a single torpedo apiece. Those Type-II submarines that were completed as minelaying submarines kept their bow tubes but were not fitted with the broadside tubes. They instead had a capacity for fourteen to sixteennaval mines. The Type-III boats were equipped with six 21-inch tubes, all located in the bow. The first two sub-classes were also equipped with a 4-inch (100 mm)deck gun for use whilst surfaced, while the Type-III submarines had two such guns. The gun was mounted on a revolving platform on the bridge level to increase its range and permit it to engage surfaced enemy submarines beyond torpedo range and in heavier seas.[3]
 Royal Navy |
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 Soviet Navy |
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