British Democratic Party | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | BDP |
| Leader | Anthony Reed Herbert |
| Founder | Anthony Reed Herbert |
| Founded | 1979 |
| Dissolved | 1982 |
| Preceded by | National Front |
| Succeeded by | British National Party |
| Headquarters | Leicester |
| Ideology | British nationalism Neo-fascism White supremacism Ultranationalism |
TheBritish Democratic Party (BDP) was a short-livedfar-right political party in theUnited Kingdom. A breakaway group from theNational Front, the BDP was severely damaged after it became involved in a gun-running sting and was absorbed by theBritish National Party.[1]
The BDP emerged following the1979 general election in which the National Front (NF) had put up the greatest number of candidates in its history. Despite this, results fell way below the party's expectations. The recriminations that followed this financially costly defeat sawAndrew Brons replaceJohn Tyndall as chairman whilst a number of groups broke away from the NF, notably theNew National Front and theConstitutional Movement.[2]
Within the NF, theLeicester branch had become one of the most active in the country and, since 1972, this group had been led byAnthony Reed Herbert, a local solicitor whose talent for organisation had made Leicester a model branch.[3] Reed Herbert took the opportunity provided by the 1979 collapse of the NF to launch his own group, initially selecting the name British Peoples Party. However, the name was quickly changed in order to avoid association with theearlier British People's Party, a splinter group from theNational Socialist League, organised either side of theSecond World War.[4] The name was thus changed to British Democratic Party even though a British Democratic Party, a minor right-winganti-communist group, had also previously existed in the 1930s.[5]
The BDP shared with the Constitutional Movement a desire to move away from openneo-Nazism in general and Tyndall andMartin Webster in particular, with Reed Herbert reasoning that a stream of press exposures of the more extreme views of both men had hit the NF's election chances hard.[6] Effectively therefore the BDP sought to present a more "respectable" public image in contrast to that of the NF.[7]
The BDP quickly gained a following within Leicester, capturing 11% of the vote in the first local elections it contested, a highly respectable score for a new and virtually unknown party.[6] However theBritish Movement'sRay Hill also became involved and, after giving a copy of the party's membership list toSearchlight magazine, soon began secretly working for the anti-fascist publication full-time.[8] Although never formally a member of the BDP Hill, on instructions fromSearchlight, took a leading role in helping Reed Herbert to organise the new party.[9] Hill also took over production of the party's newspaperBritish News.[9] Hill's association with both the BDP and BM was not unusual as BDP members Dave Gagin, Chris Newman, Jack Munton and Chris Harrison all held simultaneous membership of the BM.[10]
The association of Hill with the BDP meant that many of its activities were exposed in the press. Thus a celebration forAdolf Hitler's birthday held in 1980 in an illegal bar in the basement of the party's headquarters was reported in theDaily Mirror.[9] Hill also fomented a plan to take over the British Movement, suggesting to Reed Herbert that the two groups could unite once it was successful, although this idea too was driven by aSearchlight plan to bring about divisions within the BM.[9] Hill further informed the magazine on BDP plans to obtain weapons and to set up an illegal television transmitter, although information about both schemes was initially vague.[11]
The BDP became embroiled in a 1981 scheme developed by theWorld in Action documentary series in which an American claiming to be a neo-Nazi gunrunner (but who was actually working for the programme) was put in touch with the BDP. Before long, Hill became involved in order to facilitate the sting.[12] 'Bob Matthews', as the American claimed to be called, told Reed Herbert that he needed a gun in order to raid a US Army armoury, and Reed Herbert agreed to supply a single weapon for £200.[13] BDP member John Grand Scrutton was chosen to ferry the weapon, a luger pistol, to a secret location arranged in advance with 'Matthews' before phoning the American to let him know more details. The resulting phone call, in which Scrutton suggested that the BDP could get hold of six more guns and told 'Matthews' to send payments to Reed Herbert's address, was recorded byWorld in Action and broadcast on the show.[14]
Reed Herbert learned of the ruse from a journalist immediately prior to the broadcast of the episode as did Scrutton, whose finger prints were on the luger which by that point was in police custody.[15] Reed Herbert sent Scrutton, under Hill's care, to a hideout in theRepublic of Ireland but before long Scrutton returned to Britain and had to be brought back to Ireland by Hill.[16] Reed Herbert eventually told Scrutton to go toSouth Africa and Scrutton, along with Hill, was put on a plane that stopped over atParis-Orly Airport. However Hill had informedSearchlight about the plan and they in turn had tipped off theFrench authorities who arrested Scrutton and Hill before sending them back to Ireland.[17] Under Hill's prompting, Scrutton contacted the show's producer Geoffrey Seed and, after three days of interviews, they convinced him to return to Leicester and give himself up to police.[18] Scrutton eventually returned and made a full statement, but despite this statement, no charges were ever brought against Scrutton or any member of the BDP in regards to the weapons offences.[19]
Despite the incident Hill, who had moved on to a new plan to work with and undermine John Tyndall, remained close to the BDP and sought to continue working to damage the party.[20] At this time the party also enjoyed the support of influential publisherAnthony Hancock, although he too was close to the BM and was less sure about Tyndall.[21] Nonetheless, the gun-running incident forced the BDP to cease almost all operations, and it came as little surprise when it was brought to a conclusion in 1982 by re-joining Tyndall and Hill as founder members of theBritish National Party.[1]
