 | |
| Company type | Public |
|---|---|
| Industry | Air transport |
| Predecessor | |
| Founded | 30 September 1935 (1935-09-30) |
| Founder | Bernard Clive Pearson |
| Defunct | 1 September 1939 (1939-09-01) |
| Fate | Merged withImperial Airways |
| Successor | British Overseas Airways Corporation |
| Headquarters | United Kingdom |
Number of locations | |
British Airways Ltd. was a Britishairline company operating in Europe in the period 1935–1939. It was formed in 1935 by the merger ofSpartan Air Lines Ltd,United Airways Ltd (no relation to the US carrierUnited Airlines), andHillman's Airways. Its corporate emblem was a winged lion.
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On 30 September 1935,Allied British AirwaysLtd was formed for the purpose of merging the publicly quoted company Hillman's Airways with the private companies of Spartan Air Lines and United Airways Ltd, both controlled byWhitehall Securities Corporation Ltd (WSC), owned by the Hon.Bernard Clive Pearson. Its directors were W. D. L. Roberts,Harold Balfour and John DeC Ballardie from WSC, plus John R. McCrindle, Edgar L. Granville and Gerard L. D'Erlanger from Hillman's. On 29 October 1935, the name was changed to British Airways Ltd, and on 11 December 1935 it converted to a public company. Whitehall Securities was joined as investor in the merged airline by banking house Erlangers Ltd, through its Chairman,Leo d'Erlanger. The combined assets of 37 operational aircraft includedArmstrong Whitworth Argosy II,Spartan Three Seater,DH.60 Moths,DH.84 Dragons,DH.89 Dragon Rapides,DH.86As andSpartan Cruisers.[1]
In early 1936, aircraft and services of Hillman's Airways were transferred fromStapleford Aerodrome toHeston Aerodrome, the principal base of Spartan Air Lines and United Airways; the single-engined types and most of the DH.84s were then sold. The London toLiverpool services of United Airways were discontinued, and the services between Liverpool,Blackpool,Isle of Man,Belfast andGlasgow were transferred toNorthern & Scottish Airways, a sister company. The ownership of DH.89s and Spartan Cruisers was progressively transferred to Northern & Scottish, and the Argosy was withdrawn from use atStanley Park Aerodrome (Blackpool).[1]
In April 1936 the airline merged withBritish Continental Airways; the merged fleet continued to operate as British Airways.
On 25 May 1936, the service from London to Cowes and Ryde aerodromes on the Isle of Wight, that was still jointly operated by Spartan Air Lines andRailway Air Services using DH.84s, was transferred from Heston toGatwick Airport. Gatwick was then undergoing renovation and redevelopment, to include a new terminal and linked railway station, completed in 1937. In 1936, services from London toParis,Brussels,Ostend,Amsterdam,Hamburg,Copenhagen,Malmö andStockholm were flown using DH.89s and DH.86s. FourFokker F.XIIs were purchased fromKLM, after attempted purchase and use by Crilly Airways for a London-Lisbon service, and they were employed on the Paris service until sold in September 1936 for intended use in theSpanish Civil War. During 1936, and into 1937, various night mail contracts were operated, using DH.86s and additional two Fokker F.XIIs, twoFokker F.VIIIs, and threeJunkers Ju 52s, toLille,Cologne, andHanover.[1][2]
On 7 February 1937, all services were transferred toCroydon Airport, after surfaces at Gatwick became water-logged due to heavy traffic on immature turf and drains that collapsed; some training operations remained there. In March 1937, the first four of sevenLockheed 10 Electras were delivered. On 12 August 1937,Scottish Airways Ltd was formed to merge the operations of Northern & Scottish Airlines withHighland Airways Ltd, and British Airways Ltd held a 50% stake. On 29 May 1938, most aircraft and services were transferred from Croydon to Heston, due to congestion and unpredictable fog, but night mail operations continued from Croydon. On 3 September 1938, the first of nineLockheed 14s was delivered.[1]
On 15 September 1938,British Prime MinisterNeville Chamberlain flew from Heston toMunich for a meeting with German leader Adolf Hitler atBerchtesgaden. A Lockheed 10 Electra (G-AEPR) of British Airways Ltd was used on that first of three occasions, piloted by C. Nigel Pelly. On 22 September 1938, Chamberlain flew toCologne for a meeting atBad Godesberg in Lockheed 14 G-AFGN, flown by Eric Robinson. On 29 September 1938, G-AFGN was piloted by Victor Flowerday on the final trip to Munich, that resulted in theMunich Agreement, Chamberlain's widely publicised return at Heston on 30 September 1938, and his subsequent "Peace for our time" speech.[3][4]
During 1939, new services were operated toBerlin,Frankfurt,Budapest,Warsaw andLisbon.[1]
Before the outbreak of war on 1 September 1939, the British government had already implemented the Air Navigation (Restriction in Time of War) Order 1939. That ordered military takeover of most civilian airfields in the UK, cessation of all private flying without individual flight permits, and other emergency measures. It was administered by a statutory department of theAir Ministry titledNational Air Communications (NAC). By 1 September 1939, the aircraft and administrations of British Airways Ltd (BAL) andImperial Airways were physically transferred toBristol (Whitchurch) Airport, to be operated jointly by NAC. On 1 April 1940, British Airways Ltd and Imperial Airways Ltd were officially combined into a new company,British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), that had already been formed on 24 November 1939 with retrospective financial arrangements.[5]
British Airways Ltd operated the following aircraft:[6]
| Aircraft | Total | Introduced | Retired | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airspeed AS.40 Oxford I | 1 | 1938 | 1939 | |
| Armstrong Whitworth Argosy | 1 | 1935 | 1936 | |
| de Havilland DH.60 Moth | 2 | 1935 | 1936 | |
| de Havilland DH.83 Fox Moth | 2 | 1935 | Unknown | |
| de Havilland DH.84 Dragon | 2 | 1935 | Unknown | |
| de Havilland DH.86 Express | 11 | 1935 | 1938 | |
| de Havilland DH.89 Dragon Rapide | 13 | 1935 | Unknown | |
| Fokker F.VIII | 2 | 1936 | 1939 | |
| Fokker F.XII | 6 | 1936 | 1939 | |
| Junkers Ju 52 | 3 | 1937 | 1939 | |
| Lockheed Model 10 Electra | 7 | 1936 | 1939 | |
| Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior | 3 | 1938 | 1939 | |
| Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra | 9 | 1938 | 1939 | |
| Spartan Three Seater | 1 | 1935 | Unknown | |
| Spartan Cruiser | 8 | 1935 | 1936 |
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