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| Industry | Shipbuilding |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1893 |
| Defunct | 1997 |
| Fate | Bankrupt |
| Headquarters | Bremen-Vegesack,Germany |
Number of employees | ~22,000 (total Vulkan Group 1996) |
| Parent | Johann Lange Shipyard and Bremer Schiffbaugesellschaft, former H. F. Ulrichs Shipyard |
Bremer Vulkan AG was a prominentGermanshipbuilding company located at the Weser river inBremen-Vegesack. It was founded in 1893 and closed in 1997 because of financial problems and mismanagement.
All together Bremer Vulkan built about 1100 ships—including the ships of the predecessor Johann Lange Shipyard—of different types. It is remarkable that the Bremer Vulkan, with the exception of both World Wars, only built civilian ships; production of naval ships except during wartime first started in the 1980s.
Bremer Vulkan AG was founded 1893 in Vegesack-a suburb of the city of Bremen–by a group of investors and Bremen merchants and by overtaking the 1805 foundedJohann Lange Shipyard. Two years later the Bremer Vulkan bought theBremer Schiffbaugesellschaft – formerH. F. Ulrichs Shipyard whichlaunched the first ship in 1839 - including all its modern shipbuilding facilities. The first director of the Bremer Vulkan became the engineer Victor Nawatzki (1855–1940).
In the following years the Bremer Vulkan increased rapidly. By 1908 it covered an area of about 80 acres (32 ha) and a water frontage of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). Sixslips equipped with modern electric travelling cranes were capable of building the largest vessels of that time. With an average annual delivery of about 40000 BRT it became the greatest civilian shipbuilding company in theGerman Empire, followed byFlensburger Schiffbaubetriebe inFlensburg,Joh. C. Tecklenborg inBremerhaven andVulcan Stettin inStettin. The number of co-workers had increased from about 60 at the beginning up to about 3,300 in 1912.
DuringWorld War I the Bremer Vulkan built warships. All together 11minesweepers (M 39–M 42 andM 54–M 56,M 71–M 74) and in cooperation with theGermaniawerft inKiel somesubmarinehulls and 6 complete submarines (U-160–U-163) were built for theKaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy).
After the war Bremer Vulkan continued its successful development. Different types of ships were built first mainly for German ship owners and with an increasing amount also for foreign ship owners later. An important progress was the change of ship propulsion fromsteam engines todiesel engines. In cooperation and under licence fromMAN the Bremer Vulkan started the production of diesel ship-engines.
DuringWorld War II, 74 different Type VIIU-boats were constructed for theKriegsmarine. The Vulkan facility was several times target of thebombing of Bremen in World War II. The greatest bombing attack happened in March 1943 by theUS Air Force. By the so-called "precise bombing" many buildings and U-boats under construction as well as surrounding private buildings were destroyed or damaged. 116 people were killed and additional 118 injured. Despite the great destruction, production of U-boats could be continued within a few weeks.
During the war about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) downstream from the BV-shipyard between the Bremen suburbsRekum [de;nds] andFarge the submarine bunkerValentin was under construction. Here under management of the BV and beginning end of 1945 monthly 15 U-boats should be assembled from prefabricated sections. Those were delivered from the following shipyards Bremer Vulkan AG,Deschimag AG Weser in Bremen,Deschimag Seebeck AG in Bremerhaven andBlohm + Voss inHamburg. However, the bunker was not finished before the end of the war and no U-boats were ever built there. The building itself still exists today and is partly used as a memorial to the many forced labourers from nearby concentration camps who worked and died there during construction of the bunker.
Dr. Robert Kabelac – director of the BV from 1935 to 1960 – managed to avoid the dismantling of the BV after war as this happened to most other German shipyards. The company was allowed to resume shipbuilding already in 1949. Production could soon be continued, starting with repair of ships andlocomotives and the construction offishing vessels. Soon later the shipbuilding programme was enlarged and various types of ships were offered to the market as container/multi purpose cargo ships,passenger liners, passenger-cargo vessels,roll-on/roll-off ships,LNG andLPG tankers, supply ships, special-purpose ships,reefer vessels and others. By the end of the 1970s the BV became a world leader in container delivered capacity and in innovative container ship design.
Beginning in the 1980s for the first time except wartimes of course also naval ships were built. As the general contractor the BV started in cooperation with other German shipbuilding companies the construction of frigates for theGerman Navy.
In the 1980s the BV merged with other German shipbuilding companies and became the largest shipbuilding company in Germany. The newBremer Vulkan Verbund AG or the so-calledVulkan Group consisted of the following divisions at that time:[1]
Division Shipbuilding, including the seven German shipyardsBremer Vulkan Werft (Bremen-Vegesack),Geeste Metallbau GmbH (Bremen),Flender Werft (Lübeck),Lloyd Werft,Rickmers Lloyd Dockbetrieb GmbH,Schichau Seebeckwerft (all in Bremerhaven) andNeue Jadewerft (Wilhelmshaven)
Division Naval Shipbuilding
Division Industry
Division Electronic and Systems Technology
Division Services
After the German reunification in 1990 the Vulkan Group was enlarged by theDivision Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, including the east German shipyardsMatthias-Thesen Werft in Wismar andVolkswerft Stralsund inStralsund.
At that time Vulkan Group included all together about 22,000 co-workers in Germany, of that about 18,000 in the shipbuilding divisions.
After 1996bankruptcy because of financial problems and mismanagement, Bremer Vulkan closed the shipyard in Vegesack in 1997. Some of the affiliated shipyards as the Lloyd Shipyard in Bremerhaven and the shipyards in Eastern Germany survived this bankruptcy. The naval shipbuilding division was partly taken over by theLürssen Shipbuilding Group.
THE VULKAN GROUP, information brochure published by BV, 1992, page 28
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53°10′31″N8°35′54″E / 53.17528°N 8.59833°E /53.17528; 8.59833