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 Five types of Finnish rye bread (top to bottom/left to right):limppu,reikäleipä, a loaf, commercial pre-halved rye bread, andhapankorppu | |
| Type | Bread |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | Finland |
Bread is astaple food ofFinland. It is served with almost every meal and many different types are produced domestically.[citation needed]
In the Swedish-speakingregion ofÅland, there are other varieties of bread, the majority of which owe much toSwedish cuisine.[citation needed]
Rye bread, known asruisleipä, is a popular dark and sour bread in Finland, distinguishing itself from German rye breads by its less greasy and moist texture and differs from Swedish rye breads by not being sweet and lacking spices like caraway. Traditional Finnish rye breads, such asreikäleipä andlimppu, were historically dried on poles beneath kitchen ceilings. They have become a national symbol, celebrated on February 28 as "rye bread day."
Traditional Eastern Finnish rye bread is calledlimppu. The closest translation to English would be "loaf" (althoughlimppu is always round and bulbous, while rectangular loaves are available). This bread is dark, sour in taste, dense, heavy and comparatively dry. Its mouthfeel still remains soft enough to be bitten off easily, and leavening is easily discernible by eye. This kind of bread was usually produced at steady intervals throughout the year, whereas Western Finnish tradition stressed less frequent baking sessions combined with long-term storage.[citation needed]
Limppu is common in theUpper Peninsula of Michigan due to high levels of Finnish immigration and may be found in manypubs and diners across the peninsula.[citation needed]
Reikäleipä (lit. 'hole bread'), a traditional Western Finnish rye bread, is dried near the kitchen ceiling and preserved over the long winter. Nowadaysreikäleipä is available in many forms and stages of aging throughout all of Finland, regardless of season.[1]
In western Finland, people used to bake a lot of bread at a time, but rarely. In the east, they used to bake less, but at least weekly.[2] The old tradition was that all bread in the house for the year was baked over a few days, in a large oven that took a long time to cool.Jälkiuunileipä (lit. 'after-oven bread') could still be baked in the residual heat.[3] The longer baking time in the lower temperature gives it a darker color, higher density and hardness than regular rye bread, comparable to afruit cake. In addition to the traditionalreikäleipä shape, there are also rectangular variations available.[4]
Crispbread (näkkileipä) is leavened rye bread that is dried into a thin crisp. They are sometimes made using sourdough. Crispbread is very common throughout theNordic countries and if stored properly will not spoil for a long time.[5][6][7] A variant of crispbread is a thin sour rectangular crisp calledhapankorppu. Rectangular crispbread is often associated with schools and other institutions, for example the Koulunäkki and Kunto brands.[citation needed]
Because traditionallywheat was not as abundant as rye or barley, wheat is mainly used for baking of pastry, scones, andpulla. Nowadays it is often combined with other types of flour to makeKarelian pasties,meat pies, and other dishes.[citation needed]
Vesirinkeli (lit. 'water ring') is a small ring of yeast leavened wheat bread which resembles abagel. They are available in several different varieties.[citation needed]
In 2019, Finland produced 1.19 million tonnes ofoats (kaura).[8] They are the most commonly producedgrain in Finland and bread based on oats is popular, although not as popular asrye breads. The most common use of oats in bread is in rolls, sometimes flat and pre-cut into two halves.[citation needed]
Thepotato, although a late introduction to Finland, features heavily in the diet and has found its way into many kinds of breads. Usually dough made with potato will be very soft and the bread will be moister and fluffier than plain wheat or oat bread.[citation needed]
There are several varieties of Christmas breads. Most are made in a similar way to a basiclimppu, however they typically includemolasses and other Christmas time flavours likeorange,cinnamon,fennel,aniseed andcaraway.[citation needed]
Korppu is a dried, hard and crisprusk that resembles a small halved bread roll. The sweet versions are often sprinkled with cinnamon and sugar. There are also variations ofkorppu which are totally flat and unleavened, usually made of rye or oats.[citation needed]
Rieska (pronounced ['ries.ka]) is unleavened, usuallybarley-based, softflatbread. Simplerieska contains only flour, salt, and water, but industrial bakeries usually use yeast as well.Rieska has many local varieties in different parts of Finland regarding ingredients and preparation. It is usually baked in the oven, or alternatively on a frying pan (like pancake) or even on a heated stone. The dough is sometimes made from rye or potato.Milkrieska is a traditional food in theYlivieska area, and is made with milk instead of water.[9]
Pulla is acardamom-flavoured, yeast-leavened sweetened bread, often served with coffee. The usual recipe is based on milk, sugar, wheat flour, butter, with yeast and a very small amount of salt as additives, and cardamom or saffron as spices.Pulla is similar to but drier than abrioche, as eggs are not added into the dough. In contrast to many other nationalities' sweetened breads,pulla isn't buttered. When flavored with cinnamon and sugar and cut into spirals before baking, it becomeskorvapuusti (cinnamon roll).[citation needed]
Akorppu (see above) sweetened with sugar and spiced with cinnamon is calledsokerikorppu.[citation needed]
