 | You can helpexpand this article with text translated fromthe corresponding article in Portuguese. (July 2016)Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
.JPG)
Thehistory of Brazilian animation is relatively recent. In the first half of the 20th century, there were some small experiments produced in animation without much continuity, to the emergence of several animated films in the other half of the century. The 21st century saw the advent of many animated series for television.
Since 1907, Brazilian theaters already presented animated vignettes at the closing of the newsreels.
Kaiser was the first Brazilian autonomous animation. The animated short film was exhibited in 1917 duringWorld War I. The animation was created by cartoonist Álvaro Marins, better known as Seth, and satirirized the German EmperorWilhelm II with which Brazil declared war in that year.[1][2]
Kirs Film released the second animated filmTraquinices de Chiquinho e seu inseparável amigo Jagûnço (The Escapades of Chiquinho and His Inseparable Friend Jagûnço) on April 26, 1917.[3] In 1918, Avênturas de Bille e Bolle (The Adventures of Bille and Bolle), by Gilberto Rossi and Eugênio Fonsêca Filho, was released, inspired in the charactersMutt and Jeff ofBud Fisher.[3]
In the following ten years, Seth was the main animator. He focused on advertising.[3] In 1929, it was releasedMacaco fêio, macaco bônito (Ugly Monkey, Pretty Monkey), a film co-directed by Seth's collaborator João Stamato and Luiz Seel. This is the oldest surviving animated film in the country.[4]
Between 1938 and 1939, the caricaturistLuiz Sá released the short-filmAvênturas de Virgolino (The Adventures of Virgolino) andVirgolino apânha (Virgolino’s Troubles). Brazilian cinema pioneerHumberto Mauro (1897–1983) introduced the use ofanimated puppets in Brazil withO dragãozinho manso (The Good Little Dragon) in the 1940s.[3]
In 1940, the brothers Anélio and Mario Latini Filho did their short-film,Azares de Lulu (Lulu's Misfortune), with a style that resembles theFleischer Brothers and with a rudimentary technique.[5] Anélio learned about animation techniques by reading manuals and watching North American movies.[5] He asked the Brazilian screenwriter Joaquim Ribeiro a folkloric subject. Ribeiro gave him seven legends of the Amazon Indians, that would be the base for theSinfônia amazônica (Amazon Symphony), which was the first feature-length animated film made in the country.[5] Filmed in black and white, it took 6 years to be completed because it was conducted solely by Anélio Latini, without the help of any other animator. Anélio's brother helped as photographer and wrote the musical score of asamba in the film. Despite good reviews and large audiences, the film was not able to profit.[5]
Norman McLaren inspired several Brazilian animators between the 1950s and 1960s. In 1957, Roberto Miller producedRumba after a six-month stay with McLaren in Canada. Miller continued into animation withBoogie Woogie (1959),Desenho abstrato (Abstract Drawing, 1960),O átomo brincalhão (The Playful Atom, 1968) andFotograma Abstrato (Abstract Frame, 1985).[5]
Rubens Francisco Lucchetti and Bassano Vaccarini createdAbstrações (Abstractions), andFantasmagóricas (1961) using painting on film stock and other avant-garde techniques. They founded Centro Experimental de Cinema de Ribeirão Preto that was out of business due to financial problems after a couple of years.[5]
In 1962, Hamilton de Souza created with other friends Grupo Tan Tan. He made the short-filmUma história do Brazil – tipo exportação (A History of Brazil – Made for Export). He worked onHistória da América (History of America), which was planned in three segments of half-hour. However, only the first segment,A descoberta (The Discovery), was completed.[5]
During the 1960s, animation began to have a regular presence in advertising.[6] Wilson Pinto created the mascot of the oil companyPetrobrás, Ruy Peroti drew the toucan for the airlineVarig; and Guy Lebrun conceived the character for Brejeiro rice.[5]
During the 1970s, Brazilian production in animation increased. Main animation studios concentrated in São Paulo such as Briquet Productions, Daniel Messias, Walbercy Ribas and Maurício de Sousa Productions.[5]
In February 1971, the second animated Brazilian featurePresente de Natal was released inManaus, produced by Álvaro Henriques Gonçalves. This animated featured film was also the first in color in Brazil.[5] In 1972,Piconzé was released in theaters, made by the Japanese cartoonist Ypê Nakashima (1926–1974), who immigrated to Brazil in 1956 and worked with animation in advertising.[7]
In this decade theMonica's Gang comics, which have become quite popular among younger audiences in the region, were adapted to numerous animated films over the years resulting in a TV show a few years later. Some other animated films were also produced during the 1980s and 1990s, however in 1996 the most outstanding film wasCassiopeia, which was the first Brazilian animated film to becomputer-animated, a year after the release of thePixar filmToy Story as well as the second computer-animated film of all time.[8]
A great advance in Brazilian animations occurred in recent years. Several awarded films have emerged in the first decade asThe Happy Cricket[9] (and its sequelThe Happy Cricket and the Giant Bugs),Xuxinha e Guto contra os Monstros do Espaço,Uma Aventura no Tempo,Brichos,Garoto Cósmico, and several TV series such asAnabel,Fudêncio,As Aventuras de Gui & Estopa andFishtronaut. The seriesDoggy Day School andMy Big Big Friend were the first animated series to be co-produced with foreign countries, Canada as was the case for both.
With a law created by the Brazilian organization ANCINE[10] in 2011 several cable children's channels were forced to develop Brazilian original series, mostly cartoons. Among the best known cartoons in Brazil today includeSítio do Picapau Amarelo,Monica's Gang,Haunted Tales for Wicked Kids andJorel's Brother.[11]
The feature filmsRio 2096: A Story of Love and Fury andThe Boy and the World, have won international awards outside Brazil and were both respectively winners of the 2013 and 2014 editions of theAnnecy International Animated Film Festival.The Boy and the World was released in more than 50 countries and became the first Brazilian animated film to be nominated forBest Animated Feature at theAcademy Awards.
In 2018,Netflix released worldwide its first Brazilian children's animated television seriesCupcake & Dino: General Services (A co-production withCanada) and its first Brazilianadult animated television seriesSuper Drags.[12][13]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)Animation topics | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| By country | |||||||||||||||||
| Industry | |||||||||||||||||
| Works | |||||||||||||||||
| Techniques |
| ||||||||||||||||
| Variants | |||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||
| Related topics | |||||||||||||||||
