Brainerd | |
|---|---|
 Northern Pacific Railroad Shops Historic District | |
 Seal | |
 Location within Crow Wing County | |
  Brainerd Location within Minnesota Show map of Minnesota Brainerd Location within the United States Show map of the United States | |
| Coordinates:46°21′29″N94°12′03″W / 46.35806°N 94.20083°W /46.35806; -94.20083 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Crow Wing |
| Founded | 1870 |
| Incorporated | March 6, 1873[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 12.82 sq mi (33.21 km2) |
| • Land | 12.13 sq mi (31.42 km2) |
| • Water | 0.69 sq mi (1.79 km2) 5.78% |
| Elevation | 1,217 ft (371 m) |
| Population | |
• Total | 14,395 |
• Estimate (2022)[5] | 14,580 |
| • Density | 1,186.73/sq mi (458.20/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 56401 |
| Area code | 218 |
| FIPS code | 27-07300 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2394238[3] |
| Website | Official website |
Brainerd (/ˈbreɪnərd/BRAY-nərd) is a city and thecounty seat ofCrow Wing County, Minnesota, United States. Its population was 14,395 at the2020 census.[4][6] Brainerd straddles theMississippi River several miles upstream from itsconfluence with theCrow Wing River, having been founded as a site for a railroad crossing above the confluence. Brainerd is the principal city of theBrainerd Micropolitan Area, amicropolitan area coveringCass andCrow Wing counties and with a combined population of 96,189 at the2020 census. The city is well known for being the partial setting of the 1996 filmFargo.[7]
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The area that is now Brainerd was formerlyOjibwe territory. Brainerd was first seen by European settlers on Christmas Day in 1805, whenZebulon Pike stopped there while searching for theheadwaters of theMississippi River. Crow Wing Village, a fur and logging community nearFort Ripley, brought settlers to the area in the mid-19th century.
In those early years, the relationship between the settlers and the Native Americans was fraught. The most famous example of this tenuous relationship was the "Blueberry War" of 1872. Two Ojibwe were hanged for allegedly murdering a missing girl. When a group of Ojibwe approached the town, troops from Fort Ripley were called to prevent a potential reprisal. As it turned out, the Ojibwe only wanted to sellblueberries and the settlers avoided a bloody misunderstanding. The guilt of the two Ojibwe was never proven.
Brainerd was the idea ofNorthern Pacific railroad presidentJohn Gregory Smith, who in 1870 named thetownship after his wife,Anne Eliza Brainerd Smith, and father-in-law,Lawrence Brainerd.[8] The company built a bridge over the Mississippi seven miles north of Crow Wing Village and used the Brainerd station as a machine and car shop, prompting many to move north and abandon Crow Wing. Brainerd was organized as acity on March 6, 1873.[9]
On January 11, 1876, the state legislature revoked Brainerd's charter for six years, in reaction to the election of local handyman Thomas Lanihan as mayor instead of Judge C.B. Sleeper. Brainerd functioned as a township in the interim.
In 1881, the railroad, and with it the town, expanded. Lumber and paper, as well as agriculture in general, were important early industries, but for many decades Brainerd remained a railroad town: in the 1920s roughly 90% of Brainerd residents were dependent on the railroad. Participation in thenationwide railroad strike on July 1, 1922, left most Brainerd residents unemployed and embittered many of those involved.
On October 27, 1933, the First National Bank of Brainerd became briefly famous when it was held up byBaby Face Nelson and his gang.
Over the years, increased efficiency and the better positioning of the more centralizedLivingston,Montana, shops led to a decline in the importance of a railroad station that once employed over 1,000 and servicedlocomotives for the whole Northern Pacific line. TheBNSF Railway (successor to the Northern Pacific) continues to employ approximately 70 people in Brainerd at a maintenance-of-way equipment shop that repairs and maintains track and equipment. The former Northern Pacific railway station has been converted to breweries, coffee shops, and event centers available to rent for special occasions.
The Northwest Paper Company built Brainerd's firstpaper mill in 1903 and with the steady increase intourism since the early 20th century the paper and service industries have become Brainerd's primary employers. The town's coating mill was sold byPotlatch to Missota Paper in 2003 and then by Missota Paper to Wausau Paper in 2004. It is now used as a small industrial center called Brainerd Industrial Center (BIC).
Due to the many lakes in the area, Brainerd is a popular summertime destination for those owning cabins in the area, better known as the Brainerd Lakes. Brainerd itself is now heavily developed into commercial and residential areas and has seen an uptick in development in recent years.
Brainerd is just north of Minnesota's geographical center, in a relatively hillyterminal moraine area created by the Superior Lobe of the Labradorian ice sheet. The town occupies land on both sides of theMississippi River, though its older parts are almost all to the east.
Though the city itself has relatively few lakes, there are over 460 lakes within 25 miles (40 km) of Brainerd, mostly to the north. For this reason,Crow Wing County and parts of the adjoining counties are often collectively called the Brainerd Lakes Area despite most of the lakes existing closer to Nisswa.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 12.66 square miles (32.79 km2), of which 11.91 square miles (30.85 km2) is land and 0.73 square miles (1.89 km2) is water.[10]
Brainerd has been assignedZIP code 56401 by theUSPS.
Brainerd has ahumid continental climate (KöppenDfb) with vast seasonal differences. Summers are warm, and occasionally hot, with high humidity, whereas winters are often severely cold.
| Climate data for Brainerd, Minnesota (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1899–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 56 (13) | 60 (16) | 80 (27) | 94 (34) | 101 (38) | 100 (38) | 106 (41) | 102 (39) | 103 (39) | 89 (32) | 75 (24) | 61 (16) | 106 (41) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 41.7 (5.4) | 45.1 (7.3) | 60.9 (16.1) | 76.3 (24.6) | 86.6 (30.3) | 90.6 (32.6) | 91.2 (32.9) | 89.7 (32.1) | 85.9 (29.9) | 77.6 (25.3) | 58.9 (14.9) | 43.0 (6.1) | 93.5 (34.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 19.6 (−6.9) | 25.4 (−3.7) | 38.4 (3.6) | 53.0 (11.7) | 66.6 (19.2) | 75.8 (24.3) | 80.1 (26.7) | 78.4 (25.8) | 69.9 (21.1) | 55.2 (12.9) | 38.3 (3.5) | 24.8 (−4.0) | 52.1 (11.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 8.8 (−12.9) | 13.2 (−10.4) | 26.6 (−3.0) | 40.9 (4.9) | 54.7 (12.6) | 64.6 (18.1) | 68.9 (20.5) | 66.7 (19.3) | 58.1 (14.5) | 44.5 (6.9) | 29.6 (−1.3) | 16.1 (−8.8) | 41.1 (5.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | −2.0 (−18.9) | 0.9 (−17.3) | 14.8 (−9.6) | 28.8 (−1.8) | 42.8 (6.0) | 53.3 (11.8) | 57.8 (14.3) | 55.0 (12.8) | 46.2 (7.9) | 33.8 (1.0) | 20.8 (−6.2) | 7.4 (−13.7) | 30.0 (−1.1) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −27.0 (−32.8) | −21.4 (−29.7) | −10.5 (−23.6) | 15.1 (−9.4) | 29.2 (−1.6) | 40.2 (4.6) | 46.4 (8.0) | 43.9 (6.6) | 31.0 (−0.6) | 19.9 (−6.7) | 2.3 (−16.5) | −18.2 (−27.9) | −29.8 (−34.3) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −48 (−44) | −54 (−48) | −35 (−37) | −12 (−24) | 16 (−9) | 30 (−1) | 36 (2) | 29 (−2) | 18 (−8) | 4 (−16) | −24 (−31) | −43 (−42) | −54 (−48) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 0.80 (20) | 0.78 (20) | 1.47 (37) | 2.54 (65) | 3.93 (100) | 4.64 (118) | 4.37 (111) | 3.59 (91) | 3.00 (76) | 2.98 (76) | 1.49 (38) | 1.04 (26) | 30.63 (778) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 10.0 (25) | 8.3 (21) | 9.2 (23) | 4.3 (11) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.7 (1.8) | 5.7 (14) | 10.0 (25) | 48.2 (122) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 7.5 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 9.2 | 12.5 | 13.0 | 11.6 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 7.1 | 8.5 | 113.2 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 6.1 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 6.7 | 26.8 |
| Source:NOAA[11][12] | |||||||||||||
TheBurlington Northern (Brainerd/Baxter)United States Environmental Protection AgencySuperfund site is on the boundary between Brainerd and Baxter. The site served as aBurlington Northern Railroad tie treatment plant from 1907 to 1985. During that time,wastewater generated from the wood-treating process was sent to two shallow, unlined ponds. This created a toxic sludge that contaminated both the underlying soils and thegroundwater withcreosote andpolynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).[13]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 1,865 | — | |
| 1890 | 5,703 | 205.8% | |
| 1900 | 7,524 | 31.9% | |
| 1910 | 8,526 | 13.3% | |
| 1920 | 9,591 | 12.5% | |
| 1930 | 10,221 | 6.6% | |
| 1940 | 12,071 | 18.1% | |
| 1950 | 12,087 | 0.1% | |
| 1960 | 12,898 | 6.7% | |
| 1970 | 11,667 | −9.5% | |
| 1980 | 11,489 | −1.5% | |
| 1990 | 12,353 | 7.5% | |
| 2000 | 13,178 | 6.7% | |
| 2010 | 13,590 | 3.1% | |
| 2020 | 14,395 | 5.9% | |
| 2022 (est.) | 14,580 | [5] | 1.3% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[14] 2020 Census[4] | |||
As of thecensus of 2020,[15] the population was 14,395. Thepopulation density was 1,186.7 inhabitants per square mile (458.2/km2). There were 6,473 housing units at an average density of 533.6 units per square mile (206.0 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.6%White, 2.2%Native American, 1.6%Black orAfrican American, 0.7%Asian, 0.8% fromother races, and 6.1% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 2.5%Hispanic orLatino of any race.
As of thecensus of 2010, there were 13,590 people, 5,851 households, and 3,069 families living in the city. Thepopulation density was 1,141.1 inhabitants per square mile (440.6/km2). There were 6,390 housing units at an average density of 536.5 units per square mile (207.1 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.5%White, 1.2%African American, 1.6%Native American, 0.3%Asian, 0.4% fromother races, and 3.0% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 1.8% of the population.
There were 5,851 households, of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.7% weremarried couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.5% were non-families. 37.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.92.
The median age in the city was 32.2 years. 24.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.5% were from 25 to 44; 20.5% were from 45 to 64, and 15.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.
As of thecensus of 2000, there were 13,178 people, 5,623 households and 3,036 families living in the city. The population density was 1,652.8 inhabitants per square mile (638.1/km2). There were 5,847 housing units at an average density of 733.3 units per square mile (283.1 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.83%White, 0.71%African American, 1.44%Native American, 0.46%Asian, 0.01%Pacific Islander, 0.26% fromother races, and 1.29% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 0.86% of the population. 31.4% were ofGerman, 28.1% wereFinnish, 17.7%Norwegian, 7.1%Swedish, 6.8%Irish, and 6.1% United States or American ancestry.
There were 5,623 households, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.8% weremarried couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.0% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.94.
Age distribution was 25.1% under the age of 18, 13.7% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 16.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33. For every 100 females, there were 85.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.4 males.
Themedian household income was $26,901, and the median family income was $35,212. Males had a median income of $27,677 versus $21,217 for females. Theper capita income for the city was $15,744. About 11.8% of families and 17.6% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 20.5% of those under age 18 and 16.0% of those age 65 or over.
The Brainerd Lakes Area has a classical music festival during the summers called Lakes Area Music Festival.[16] According to its website, the festival's mission is to connect the nation's best performers and audiences through excellent classical music and inspiring education. There are educational programs for children in the area with musicians from across the world and high-caliber concerts that are free to the public. The Lakes Area Music Festival, through its Outreach initiative, brings classical music into areas that normally do not get concerts. Among these are public libraries, women's shelters, retirement homes, and correctional facilities. The program is supported by many local and national organizations, as well as people in the community.[17][18]
Brainerd Public Schools is the local school district.Brainerd High School is the local high school, and the district also hosts an alternative high school, and online classes.
Alternative schools in Brainerd include Discovery Woods Charter School (K-6) and St Francis Catholic School (K-8, run by theRoman Catholic Diocese of Duluth).
Central Lakes College is a local community and technical college offering associates degrees and technical certificates. It is part of theMinnesota State Colleges system.
Radio stations and television channels in the Brainerd Lakes area:
| AM radio stations | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Call sign | Name | Format | Owner |
| 1270 | WWWI | Talk 100 | News/Talk | R & J Broadcasting, Inc. |
| 1340 | KVBR | Brainerd Business Radio | News/Talk | Hubbard Broadcasting |
| 1380 | KLIZ | 1380 The Fan | Sports | |
| FM radio stations | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Call sign | Name | Format | Owner |
| 88.3 | KBPN | MPR News | NPR | Minnesota Public Radio |
| 88.7 | K204ES (KAWZ Translator) | CSN International | Christian | CSN International |
| 89.3 | KOPJ | LifeTalk Radio | Christian | Seventh-day Adventist Church |
| 89.9 | K210DR (KAXE Translator) | Northern Community Radio | Public radio | Northern Community Radio |
| 90.7 | KBPR | Classical MPR | Classical | Minnesota Public Radio |
| 93.3 | KBLB | B93.3 | Country | Hubbard Broadcasting |
| 95.9 | WWWI | Cash 95.9 | Country/Adult Standard | R & J Broadcasting, Inc. |
| 96.3 | W242DB (WWWI-AM Translator) | Talk 100 | News/Talk | |
| 100.1 | KLKS | |||
| 101.5 | KFGI | Skeeter 101-5 | Adult Hits | |
| 102.7 | KTIG | The Word | Christian | Minnesota Christian Broadcasters |
| 103.5 | KUAL| Cool 103.5 |The Lakes Greatest Hits | Oldies/Classic Hits | Hubbard Broadcasting | |
| 104.3 | WZFJ | The Pulse | Christian | Minnesota Christian Broadcasters |
| 106.7 | WJJY | Today's Best Variety | Adult contemporary | Hubbard Broadcasting |
| 107.5 | KLIZ | The Power Loon | Classic rock | |
| Channel | Callsign | Affiliation | Branding | Subchannels | Owner | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Virtual) | Channel | Programming | ||||
| 16.1 | K16BQ (KSAX Translator) | ABC | 5 Eyewitness News | 16.2 16.3 | 45TV MeTV | Hubbard Broadcasting |
| 26.1 | K20NH-D (KMSP Translator) | FOX | FOX 9 | 26.2 26.3 | FOX9+ Movies! | Fox Television Stations, Inc. |
| 22.1 | KAWB | PBS | Lakeland PBS | 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 | First Nations Experience PBS Kids Create PBS Encore Minnesota Channel | Northern Minnesota Public Television, Inc. |
The following routes are in the Brainerd area:
Minnesota State Highway 18
Minnesota State Highway 25
Minnesota State Highway 210
Minnesota State Highway 371Brainerd Lakes Regional Airport serves the area with commercial airline service onDelta Connection and threecargo airlines.
The 1996 filmFargo was set partly in Brainerd.[7]
Municipalities and communities ofCrow Wing County, Minnesota,United States | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cities |  | |
| Townships | ||
| Unorganized territories | ||
| CDP | ||
| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Indian reservation | ||
| Ghost towns | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
Cities in theBrainerd Lakes area,Minnesota | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core city |  | ||||
| Surrounding communities |
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| Counties | |||||
† indicates acounty seat.‡ indicates that it is partially in the micropolitan area.§ indicates aCDP. | |||||
| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
